Intravascular Aggregation And Oxygen Consumption: Aggregation of Red Blood Cells Produced by High Molecular Weight Dextran or by Hypothermia

1959 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertil Löfström
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Blood Cells

The High-Molecular-Weight Human Mucin Is the Primary Salivary Carrier of ABH, Lea, and Leb Blood Group Antigens

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akraporn Prakobphol ◽  
Hakon Leffler ◽  
Susan J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Blood Group Antigens ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva

Because many bacteria interact with the carbohydrate portions of receptor molecules, factors controlling glycosylation probably influence the ability of salivary components to mediate bacterial adherence/clearance. Important sources of diversity in glycosylation are the ABO, secretor, and Lewis genes, which code for glycosyltransferases that add specific sugar sequences to the termini of carbohydrate chains of glycolipids and glycoproteins. We identified, by Western blotting, salivary glycoproteins carrying the ABH and Le a or Leb antigens. Samples of whole, unstimulated saliva were obtained from 19 subjects whose blood group was determined by agglutination of red blood cells with specific antisera. After centrifugation, the samples were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and blotted onto nitrocellulose. Glycoproteins carrying blood group antigens were identified by staining the blot with monoclonal antisera specific for the A, B, H, Lea, or Leb antigens. The most intensely staining component from all the samples migrated at the same position as the high-molecular-weight mucin. Saliva samples from the nonsecretors contained only the Lea antigen. Samples from the secretors contained one or more of the ABH antigens and, variably, the Leb antigen. In all cases, the salivary blood group antigens corresponded to those found on the red blood cells of the same subject. The functional consequences of the expression of blood group antigens on the high-molecular-weight mucin are not known, but their presence could modulate the adherence of certain oral microorganisms that interact preferentially with this molecule.

scholarly journals Cold Steeping Infusion, a Novel Lectin Extraction Technique for the Isolation, Purification and Partial Characterization of Lectins from the Green Venezuelan Marine Alga Caulerpa serrulata

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801301
Author(s):  
Pablo Djabayan-Djibeyan ◽  
Brian Carpenter ◽  
Gerardo Medina-Ramírez ◽  
Felix Andueza-Leal ◽  
Andrés León-Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Marine Alga ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Extraction Technique

A lectin from the green Venezuelan marine alga Caulerpa serrulata was extracted with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) using cold steeping infusion (CSI) and by grinding with liquid nitrogen (GLN). The proteins were precipitated using solid ammonium sulfate. Both the crude extracts and ammonium sulfate precipitated proteins were tested for hemagglutinins using native and papain-treated human red blood cell suspensions in isotonic saline solution. Purification of lectins was achieved using affinity chromatography-sugar-epoxy-sepharose 6B and molecular weight was assessed by size exclusion chromatography using Bio-gel® P-100 and SDS-PAGE with 2-mercaptoethanol. IEF-urea 8M was also evaluated. Using CSI it was shown that the marine alga released hemagglutinating compounds into the solutions; the same hemagglutinating compounds were also obtained by GLN. Ammonium sulfate precipitated proteins exhibited agglutinating activity against native and papain-treated human red blood cells. Temperature and EDTA were shown to affect dramatically the lectin activity towards red blood cells. A lectin was purified efficiently and the molecular weight calculated as approximately 78,000 Daltons. The CSI technique demonstrated that the alga could be returned to an active metabolic state by immersion in a simple buffer after having been kept dormant by freezing at −20°C for long periods. It was also shown that the alga was releasing bioactive compounds into the solutions and, therefore, this procedure is being suggested as a good, gentle, non-disruptive extraction technique and we postulate CSI as a possible bioreactor for the continuous production of bioactive compounds from green marine algae.

Comparison of buffer and red blood cell perfusion of guinea pig heart oxygenation

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (5) ◽  
pp. H1819-H1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Schenkman ◽  
Daniel A. Beard ◽  
Wayne A. Ciesielski ◽  
Eric O. Feigl
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Ventricular Function ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Guinea Pig Heart ◽  
Perfused Hearts

Myocardial mean myoglobin oxygen saturation was determined spectroscopically from isolated guinea pig hearts perfused with red blood cells during increasing hypoxia. These experiments were undertaken to compare intracellular myoglobin oxygen saturation in isolated hearts perfused with a modest concentration of red blood cells (5% hematocrit) with intracellular myoglobin saturation previously reported from traditional buffer-perfused hearts. Studies were performed at 37°C with hearts paced at 240 beats/min and a constant perfusion pressure of 80 cmH2O. It was found that during perfusion with a hematocrit of 5%, baseline mean myoglobin saturation was 93% compared with 72% during buffer perfusion. Mean myoglobin saturation, ventricular function, and oxygen consumption remained fairly constant for arterial perfusate oxygen tensions above 100 mmHg and then decreased precipitously below 100 mmHg. In contrast, mean myoglobin saturation, ventricular function, and oxygen consumption began to decrease even at high oxygen tension with buffer perfusion. The present results demonstrate that perfusion with 5% red blood cells in the perfusate increases the baseline mean myoglobin saturation and better preserves cardiac function at low oxygen tension relative to buffer perfusion. These results suggest that caution should be used in extrapolating intracellular oxygen dynamics from buffer-perfused to blood-perfused hearts.

Cat carotid body: oxygen consumption and other parameters

1981 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Whalen ◽  
P. Nair ◽  
T. Sidebotham ◽  
J. Spande ◽  
M. Lacerna
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Stopped Flow ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Disappearance Curve ◽  
Nerve Discharge

Cats were anesthetized with pentobarbital, pump ventilated with air, and given heparin, and the carotid body (CB) was vascularly isolated except for the supplying artery. The CB could be normally blood perfused, or alternatively, perfused with Locke's solution; flow of either could be stopped suddenly. Sinus nerve discharge was measured. Tissue oxygen tension (TPO2) in the CB was measured with an O2 microelectrode. Oxygen consumption rates (VO2) calculated from the disappearance curve of O2 during stopped flow were PO2 dependent. When TPO2 was high (100-130 Torr), VO2 (ml.100 g-1.min-1) averaged 1.9 +/- 0.18 (SE) during blood perfusion and either 1.9 +/- 0.1 during perfusion with Locke's solution equilibrated with 25% O2-5% CO2-70% N2 or 1.4 +/- 0.08 when the Locke's solution was equilibrated with air. This significant effect of CO2 could have been due to the delayed onset of sinus nerve discharge when CO2 was not added to the perfusion solution. The number of red blood cells in histological sections from CB frozen during stopped flow of blood was significantly below normal. We concluded that the similarity of the disappearance curves during stopped flow of blood and Locke's solutions was primarily due to the extrusion of red blood cells. In five experiments the broken-off tip of the O2 microelectrode was found in the core of the CB.

scholarly journals Blood circulation in the tunicate Corella inflata (Corellidae).

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W Konrad
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Key Words Heart ◽  
Curved Tube ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Large Vessels

Abstract: The ascidian tunicate Corella inflata is relatively transparent compared to other solitary tunicates and the circulatory system can be visualized by injecting high molecular weight fluorescein labeled dextran into the beating heart or the large vessels at the ends of the heart. In addition, after staining with neutral red the movement of blood cells can be followed to further define and characterize the circulatory system. The heart is a gently curved tube with a constriction in the middle and extends across the width of the animal. As in other tunicates, pumping is peristaltic and periodically reverses direction. During the abvisceral directional phase blood leaves the anterior end of the heart in two asymmetric vessels that connect to the two sides of the branchial basket (or pharynx), in contrast to the direct connection between the heart and the endostyle seen in the commonly studied tunicate Ciona intestinalis. In Corella inflata blood then flows in both transverse directions through a complex system of ducts in the branchial basket into large ventral and dorsal vessels and then to the visceral organs in the posterior of the animal. During the advisceral phase blood leaves the posterior end of the heart in vessels that repeatedly bifurcate to fan into the stomach and gonads. Blood speed, determined by following individual cells, is high and pulsatory near the heart, but decreases and becomes more constant in peripheral regions. Estimated blood flow volume during one directional phase is greater than the total volume of the animal. Circulating blood cells are confined to vessels or ducts in the visible parts of the animal and retention of high molecular weight dextran in the vessels is comparable to that seen in vertebrates. These flow patterns are consistent with a closed circulatory network. Additional key words: heart, pharynx, branchial basket, blood circulation, blood velocity

scholarly journals Inhibition of Growth of Hair Follicles by a Lectin-like Substance from Rat Skin

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Frater
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Affinity Chromatography ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Rat Skin ◽  
Small Molecular Weight ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth

A small molecular weight (5000--10000) substance has been isolated from rat skin by affinity chromatography on a column of acid-hydrolysed Sepharose. The substance agglutinates rabbit red blood cells, inhibits DNA synthesis in rat hair follicles, and causes the appearance of autophagic vacuoles in the epithelial cells of the lower follicle bulb.

[14C]urea and 58Co-EDTA as reference indicators in hepatic multiple indicator dilution studies

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (1) ◽  
pp. G32-G40 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Pang ◽  
F. Barker ◽  
A. J. Schwab ◽  
C. A. Goresky
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Liver Perfusion ◽  
Indicator Dilution ◽  
Space Distribution ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Multiple Indicator Dilution ◽  
Perfusion Studies ◽  
Multiple Indicator

The space distribution and the processes underlying uptake of tracer substrate may be appraised by the multiple indicator dilution technique, after the simultaneous injection of noneliminated vascular (51Cr-labeled red blood cells), extracellular (125I-labeled albumin and [14C]sucrose for high and low molecular weight interstitial space, respectively), and cellular (3H2O) indicators and tracer substrate. When tracer substrates and/or their metabolites containing 14C or 3H labels are being studied, it becomes necessary to find substitutions for the similarly labeled noneliminated indicators. In red blood cell-perfused rat livers, 58Co-EDTA is found to be a good replacement for the low molecular weight interstitial reference; it has a space distribution indistinguishable from that for [14C]sucrose. [14C]urea and 3H2O, which distribute similarly in red blood cells, have similar outflow dilution profiles. With corrections for minor deviations in recovery [a ratio of 0.936 +/- 0.024 (SD)] and transit time [a ratio of 0.962 +/- 0.008 (SD)], the cellular water space can be closely approximated from the [14C]-urea curve. 58Co-EDTA and [14C]urea are reasonable substitutes for [14C]sucrose and 3H2O, respectively, in multiple indicator dilution liver perfusion studies for investigating transfer and removal characteristics of tracer substrates.

Estimation of Achievable Oxygen Consumption Following Transfusion With Rejuvenated Red Blood Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amudan J. Srinivasan ◽  
Kyle Kausch ◽  
Collin Inglut ◽  
Alan Gray ◽  
Matthew Landrigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells

scholarly journals High mannose N-glycans on red blood cells as phagocytic ligands, mediating both sickle cell anaemia and resistance to malaria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Cao ◽  
Aristotelis Antonopoulos ◽  
Sadie Henderson ◽  
Heather Wassall ◽  
John Brewin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Sickle Cell Anaemia ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Mannose Receptor ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
High Mannose ◽  
Haemoglobin S

AbstractIn both sickle cell disease (SCD) and malaria, red blood cells (RBCs) are phagocytosed in the spleen, but receptor-ligand pairs mediating uptake have not been identified. Here, we report that patches of high mannose N-glycans (Man5-9GlcNAc2), expressed on diseased or oxidized RBC surfaces, bind the mannose receptor (CD206) on phagocytes to mediate clearance. Extravascular haemolysis in SCD correlates with high mannose glycan levels on RBCs. Infection of RBCs with Plasmodium falciparum expose surface mannose N-glycans on healthy RBCs, which occurred at significantly higher levels on RBCs from subjects with sickle cell trait compared to those lacking haemoglobin S. The glycans were associated with high molecular weight complexes and protease-resistant, lower molecular weight fragments containing spectrin. Recognition of surface N-linked high mannose glycans, a novel response to cellular stress, is the first molecular mechanism common to both the pathogenesis of SCD and resistance to severe malaria in sickle cell trait.

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