scholarly journals Native Dimer Stabilizes the Subunit Tertiary Structure of Porcine Class pi Glutathione S-transferase

1995 ◽  
Vol 230 (2) ◽  
pp. 614-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julija Erhardt ◽  
Heini Dirr
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase

scholarly journals Molecular Evolution of the Glutathione S-Transferase Family in the Bemisia tabaci Species Complex

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 3857-3872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofer Aidlin Harari ◽  
Diego Santos-Garcia ◽  
Mirit Musseri ◽  
Pnina Moshitzky ◽  
Mitulkumar Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
Synonymous Substitution ◽  
Diet Breadth ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
New Host ◽  
Delta Sigma ◽  
Environmentally Responsive ◽  
Gst Family

Abstract The glutathione S-transferase (GST) family plays an important role in the adaptation of herbivorous insects to new host plants and other environmental constrains. The family codes for enzymes that neutralize reactive oxygen species and phytotoxins through the conjugation of reduced glutathione. Here, we studied the molecular evolution of the GST family in Bemisia tabaci, a complex of >35 sibling species, differing in their geographic and host ranges. We tested if some enzymes evolved different functionality, by comparing their sequences in six species, representing five of the six major genetic clades in the complex. Comparisons of the nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution ratios detected positive selection events in 11 codons of 5 cytosolic GSTs. Ten of them are located in the periphery of the GST dimer, suggesting a putative involvement in interactions with other proteins. Modeling the tertiary structure of orthologous enzymes, identified additional 19 mutations in 9 GSTs, likely affecting the enzymes’ functionality. Most of the mutation events were found in the environmentally responsive classes Delta and Sigma, indicating a slightly different delta/sigma tool box in each species. At a broader genomic perspective, our analyses indicated a significant expansion of the Delta GST class in B. tabaci and a general association between the diet breadth of hemipteran species and their total number of GST genes. We raise the possibility that at least some of the identified changes improve the fitness of the B. tabaci species carrying them, leading to their better adaptation to specific environments.

scholarly journals Utilization of a recombinant defensin from Maize (Zea mays L.) as a potential antimicrobial peptide

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Najla Amin T. Al Kashgry ◽  
Hussein H. Abulreesh ◽  
Iman A. El-Sheikh ◽  
Yaser A. Almaroai ◽  
Reda Salem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Recombinant Peptide ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Weak Growth ◽  
Carcinoma Colon

AbstractThe search for effective and bioactive antimicrobial molecules to  encounter the medical need for new antibiotics is an encouraging area of research. Plant defensins are small cationic, cysteine-rich peptides with a stabilized tertiary structure by disulfide-bridges and characterized by a wide range of biological functions. The heterologous expression of Egyptian maize defensin (MzDef) in Escherichia coli and subsequent purification by glutathione affinity chromatography yielded 2 mg/L of recombinant defensin peptide. The glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-tagged MzDef of approximately 30 kDa in size (26 KDa GST +  ~ 4 KDa MzDef peptide) was immunodetected with anti-GST antibodies. The GST-tag was successfully cleaved from the MzDef peptide by thrombin, and the removal was validated by the Tris-Tricine gel electrophoresis. The MzDef induced strong growth inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium verticillioides, and Aspergillus niger by 94.23%, 93.34%, and 86.25%, respectively, whereas relatively weak growth inhibitory activity of 35.42% against Fusarium solani was recorded. Moreover, strong antibacterial activities were demonstrated against E. coli and Bacillus cereus and the moderate activities against Salmonella enterica and Staphylococcus aureus at all tested concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 µM). Furthermore, the in vitro MTT assay exhibited promising anticancer activity against all tested cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma, mammary gland breast cancer, and colorectal carcinoma colon cancer) with IC50 values ranging from 14.85 to 29.85 µg/mL. These results suggest that the recombinant peptide MzDef may serve as a potential alternative antimicrobial and anticancer agent to be used in medicinal application.

Torus Circumference and Thickness Parameters From a Linear DNA Size Series Suggest How Toruses Self-Assemble

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 522-523
Author(s):  
George C. Ruben ◽  
Kenneth A. Marx
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
Dna Complexes ◽  
Tertiary Structures ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
Dna Organization ◽  
Condensed Dna ◽  
Dna Size

Certain double stranded DNA bacteriophage and viruses are thought to have their DNA organized into large torus shaped structures. Morphologically, these poorly understood biological DNA tertiary structures resemble spermidine-condensed DNA complexes formed in vitro in the total absence of other macromolecules normally synthesized by the pathogens for the purpose of their own DNA packaging. Therefore, we have studied the tertiary structure of these self-assembling torus shaped spermidine- DNA complexes in a series of reports. Using freeze-etch, low Pt-C metal (10-15Å) replicas, we have visualized the microscopic DNA organization of both calf Thymus( CT) and linear 0X-174 RFII DNA toruses. In these structures DNA is circumferentially wound, continuously, around the torus into a semi-crystalline, hexagonal packed array of parallel DNA helix sections.

Glutathione system participation in thoracic aneurysms from patients with Marfan syndrome

VASA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra María Zúñiga-Muñoz ◽  
Israel Pérez-Torres ◽  
Verónica Guarner-Lans ◽  
Elías Núñez-Garrido ◽  
Rodrigo Velázquez Espejel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Marfan Syndrome ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Aortic Dilatation ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Reduced And Oxidized Glutathione ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Elevated Activity ◽  
Acute Dissection ◽  
Thoracic Aneurysms

Abstract. Background: Aortic dilatation in Marfan syndrome (MFS) is progressive. It is associated with oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction that contribute to the early acute dissection of the vessel and can result in rupture of the aorta and sudden death. We evaluated the participation of the glutathione (GSH) system, which could be involved in the mechanisms that promote the formation and progression of the aortic aneurysms in MFS patients. Patients and methods: Aortic aneurysm tissue was obtained during chest surgery from eight control subjects and 14 MFS patients. Spectrophotometrical determination of activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), lipid peroxidation (LPO) index, carbonylation, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and concentration of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG respectively), was performed in the homogenate from aortic aneurysm tissue. Results: LPO index, carbonylation, TGF-β1, and GR activity were increased in MFS patients (p < 0.04), while TAC, GSH/GSSG ratio, GPx, and GST activity were significantly decreased (p < 0.04). Conclusions: The depletion of GSH, in spite of the elevated activity of GR, not only diminished the activity of GSH-depend GST and GPx, but increased LPO, carbonylation and decreased TAC. These changes could promote the structural and functional alterations in the thoracic aorta of MFS patients.

Melatonin protects against cadmium-induced oxidative damage in different tissues of rat: a mechanistic insight

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Mitra ◽  
Bharati Bhattacharjee ◽  
Palash Kumar Pal ◽  
Arnab Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Sanatan Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Nadh Cytochrome ◽  
Cd Exposure

Cadmium (Cd) is a notorious environmental pollutant known for its wide range of toxicities to organisms. Thus, the present study is designed to examine whether melatonin, a potent antioxidant, protects against Cd-induced oxidative damage in the heart, liver and kidney of rats. Cd treatment at a dose of 0.44 mg/kg for 15 days caused severe damage in all these organs. These included significantly increased activities of SGPT, SGOT, lactate dehydrogenase- 1 and 5 and ALP and levels of total lactate, creatinine, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content and reduced glutathione while the activities of superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase along with mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-keto glutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, NADH-cytochrome-c-oxidoreductase and cytochrome-c-oxidase were significantly reduced by Cd. However, if melatonin was given orally 30 min before Cd injection, all these alterations induced by Cd were significantly preserved by melatonin. Histological observations also demonstrated that Cd exposure caused cellular lesions, promoting necrotic or apoptotic changes. Notably, all these changes were significantly protected by melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin is a beneficial molecule to ameliorate Cd-induced oxidative damage in the heart, liver and kidney tissues of rats with its powerful antioxidant capacity, heavy metal chelating activity and competition of binding sites with Cd to the GSH and catalase.

Droplet Factories: Synthesis and Assembly of Silver and Palladium Nanoparticles at the Liquid-Liquid Interface

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchanuch Sachdev ◽  
Rhushabh Maugi ◽  
Sam Davis ◽  
Scott Doak ◽  
Zhaoxia Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Pd Nanoparticles ◽  
Subsequent Removal ◽  
Immiscible Liquids ◽  
Flow Reactors ◽  
Droplet Flow ◽  
One Step

<div>The interface between two immiscible liquids represent an ideal substrate for the assembly of nanomaterials. The defect free surface provides a reproducible support for creating densely packed ordered materials. Here a droplet flow reactor is presented for the synthesis and/ or assembly of nanomaterials at the interface of the emulsion. Each droplet acts as microreactor for a reaction between decamethylferrocene (DmFc) within the hexane and metal salts (Ag+/ Pd2+) in the aqueous phase. The hypothesis was that a spontaneous, interfacial reaction would lead to the assembly of nanomaterials creating a Pickering emulsion. The subsequent removal of the solvents showed how the Ag nanoparticles were trapped at the interface and retain the shape of the droplet, however the Pd nanoparticles were dispersed with no tertiary structure. To further exploit this, a one-step process where the particles are synthesised and then assembled into core-shell materials was proposed. The same reactions were performed in the presence of oleic acid stabilise Iron oxide nanoparticles dispersed within the hexane. It was shown that by changing the reaction rate and ratio between palladium and iron oxide a continuous coating of palladium onto iron oxide microspheres can be created. The same reaction with silver, was unsuccessful and resulted in the silver particles being shed into solution, or incorporated within the iron oxide micro particle. These insights offer a new method and chemistry within flow reactors for the creation of palladium and silver nanoparticles. We use the technique to create metal coated iron oxide nanomaterials but the methodology could be easily transferred to the assembly of other materials.</div><div><br></div>

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