Corticocerebellothalamic Degeneration with Chromatolytic Neuronal Swelling: A Light and Electron Microscopic Case Study

1977 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251
Author(s):  
Hisanobu Kaiya ◽  
Tsuyoshi Yoshimura ◽  
Masuyuki Namba
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Neuronal Swelling

scholarly journals Light and Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Hydrogen Ion-Induced Brain Necrosis

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Petito ◽  
R. P. Kraig ◽  
W. A. Pulsinelli
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Neuronal Necrosis ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Neuronal Swelling ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

Excessive accumulation of hydrogen ions in the brain may play a pivotal role in initiating the necrosis seen in infarction and following hyperglycemic augmentation of ischemic brain damage. To examine possible mechanisms involved in hydrogen ion-induced necrosis, sequential structural changes in rat brain were examined following intracortical injection of sodium lactate solution (pH 4.5), as compared with injections at pH 7.3. Following pH 7.3 injection, neuronal swelling developed between 1 and 6 h, but only a needle track wound surrounded by a thin rim of necrotic neurons and vacuolated neuropil was present 24 h after injection. In contrast, pH 4.5 injection produced neuronal necrosis as soon as 1 h after injection, followed by necrosis of astrocytes and intravascular thrombi at 3 and 6 h. Alterations common to both groups included vascular permeability to horseradish peroxidase, dilation of extracellular spaces, astrocyte swelling, capillary compression, and vascular stasis. These data suggest that neurons, astrocytes, and endothelia can be directly damaged by increased acid in the interstitial space. Lethal injury initially appeared to affect neurons, while subsequent astrocyte necrosis and vascular occlusion may damage tissue by secondary ischemia.

Case study: The effect of an amorphous hydrogenated carbon-coated gear-wheel on a hydraulic orbital motor’s efficiency over time

2018 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Bates ◽  
HW Broe-Richter ◽  
CR Bendlin ◽  
P Ennemark
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Gear Wheel ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Gear Wheels ◽  
Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon ◽  
Over Time

This case study examines how the application of an amorphous hydrogenated carbon coating to gear-wheels affects the volumetric and mechanical efficiencies of the hydraulic orbital motors into which the gear-wheels are assembled. The efficiencies over time of these orbital motors are compared with the efficiencies of orbital motors, which were assembled and tested with standard (uncoated) gear-wheels. Comparisons are based on experimental data, accumulated over 3000 h of steady-state tests, divided over six motors with a duration of 500 h each. The paper examines the surface roughness characteristics of amorphous hydrogenated carbon-coated gear-wheels before and after coating, the measured magnitudes and positions of wear on the contact surfaces of the coated and uncoated gear-wheels after testing, and the observed differences in said wear utilizing scanning electron microscopic analyses. Finally, changes in the measured efficiencies of the orbital motors are examined, over the duration of the experimental tests, in order to consider the potential energy savings associated with hydraulic orbital motors assembled with coated gear-wheels.

Development of PLA-HAp-CS-based biocompatible functional prototype: A case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishant Ranjan ◽  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
IPS Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Dead Weight ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Functional Prototype

In this article, detailed procedure for the development of polylactic acid (PLA), hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan (CS)-based biocompatible functional prototype has been outlined by using three-dimensional (3D) printing as a case study. The biocompatible composite-based feedstock filament (comprising of PLA-HAp-CS) has been prepared through twin-screw extruder (TSE) for open-source fused deposition modelling (FDM)-based 3D printer. This case study provides two-stage multifactor optimization: (a) for preparation of feedstock filament on TSE and (b) 3D printing on FDM based upon tensile and flexural samples. The results of study suggest that the best settings of input parameters for TSE are barrel temperature of 190°C, screw speed of 140 r/min and dead weight of 12 kg. Further, the optimized settings for FDM are layer thickness of 0.2 mm, deposition angle of 30/45° and infill density of 100%. The results have been supported by scanning electron microscopic analysis.

scholarly journals Porphyric Neuropathy: An Ultrastructural and Quantitative Case Study

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S. Thorner ◽  
J.M. Bilbao ◽  
A.A.F. Sima ◽  
S. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Unmyelinated Fibers ◽  
Acute Neuropathy ◽  
Myelinated And Unmyelinated Fibers ◽  
Porphyria Variegata ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Quantitative Case Study ◽  
Dying Back

SUMMARY:We report a case of acute neuropathy in a 46 year old female with porphyria variegata. Histologic, electron microscopic, and quantitative examinations of peripheral nerves were performed at onset of the neuropathy and at autopsy. The results revealed severe qualitative and quantitative changes in myelinated and unmyelinated fibers showing features indicative of an axonopathy with a distribution in keeping with a dying-back phenomenon.

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