Optical Imaging of Cat Auditory Cortex Cochleotopic Selectivity Evoked by Acute Electrical Stimulation of a Multi-channel Cochlear Implant

Electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve in the profoundly deaf population through implanted cochlear prostheses has increased the need for reliable electrophysiologic assessment tools. We have recorded electrically evoked brainstem responses (EABRs) in 21 subjects who have received a 3M/House cochlear implant. Recordings have been made, both intraoperatively and postoperatively, in the laboratory setting. The recording technique, methods of stimulus artifact suppression, and results of our measurements are described. Clinical applications of this technology are suggested.

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Magnetic and electrical stimulation of the auditory cortex for intractable tinnitus

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.2004.100.3.0560 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 100 (3) ◽

pp. 560-564 ◽

Cited By ~ 106

Author(s):

Dirk De Ridder ◽

Gert De Mulder ◽

Vincent Walsh ◽

Neil Muggleton ◽

Stefan Sunaert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Auditory Cortex ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Cortical Plasticity ◽

Cortical Reorganization ◽

Complete Suppression ◽

Content Type ◽

Fine Print ◽

Stimulation Of

✓ Tinnitus is a distressing symptom that affects up to 15% of the population for whom no satisfactory treatment exists. The authors present a novel surgical approach for the treatment of intractable tinnitus, based on cortical stimulation of the auditory cortex. Tinnitus can be considered an auditory phantom phenomenon similar to deafferentation pain, which is observed in the somatosensory system. Tinnitus is accompanied by a change in the tonotopic map of the auditory cortex. Furthermore, there is a highly positive association between the subjective intensity of the tinnitus and the amount of shift in tinnitus frequency in the auditory cortex, that is, the amount of cortical reorganization. This cortical reorganization can be demonstrated by functional magnetic resonance (fMR) imaging. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive method of activating or deactivating focal areas of the human brain. Linked to a navigation system that is guided by fMR images of the auditory system, TMS can suppress areas of cortical plasticity. If it is successful in suppressing a patient's tinnitus, this focal and temporary effect can be perpetualized by implanting a cortical electrode. A neuronavigation-based auditory fMR imaging-guided TMS session was performed in a patient who suffered from tinnitus due to a cochlear nerve lesion. Complete suppression of the tinnitus was obtained. At a later time an extradural electrode was implanted with the guidance of auditory fMR imaging navigation. Postoperatively, the patient's tinnitus disappeared and remains absent 10 months later. Focal extradural electrical stimulation of the primary auditory cortex at the area of cortical plasticity is capable of suppressing contralateral tinnitus completely. Transcranial magnetic stimulation may be an ideal method for noninvasive studies of surgical candidates in whom stimulating electrodes might be implanted for tinnitus suppression.

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The multi-channel cochlear implant: Multi-disciplinary development of electrical stimulation of the cochlea and the resulting clinical benefit

Hearing Research ◽

10.1016/j.heares.2014.08.002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 322 ◽

pp. 4-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Graeme M. Clark

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Cochlear Implant ◽

Clinical Benefit ◽

Stimulation Of

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Pitch Comparisons between Electrical Stimulation of a Cochlear Implant and Acoustic Stimuli Presented to a Normal-hearing Contralateral Ear

Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology ◽

10.1007/s10162-010-0222-7 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 625-640 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Robert P. Carlyon ◽

Olivier Macherey ◽

Johan H. M. Frijns ◽

Patrick R. Axon ◽

Randy K. Kalkman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Cochlear Implant ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Acoustic Stimuli ◽

Contralateral Ear ◽

Stimulation Of

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Unit responses in the cat auditory cortex to electrical stimulation of nerve fibers innervating receptor cells in different parts of the organ of corti

Neurophysiology ◽

10.1007/bf01058742 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 317-323 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. O. Volkov

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Auditory Cortex ◽

Organ Of Corti ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Receptor Cells ◽

Stimulation Of Nerve ◽

Different Parts ◽

Stimulation Of

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Hearing suppression induced by electrical stimulation of human auditory cortex

Brain Research ◽

10.1016/j.brainres.2006.08.013 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 1118 (1) ◽

pp. 75-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Albert J. Fenoy ◽

Meryl A. Severson ◽

Igor O. Volkov ◽

John F. Brugge ◽

Matthew A. Howard

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Auditory Cortex ◽

Human Auditory Cortex ◽

Stimulation Of

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Stimulation-mapping of the upper human auditory pathway

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1973.38.3.0320 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 320-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ronald R. Tasker ◽

L. W. Organ

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Auditory Cortex ◽

Brain Stem ◽

Inferior Colliculus ◽

Primary Auditory Cortex ◽

Auditory Pathway ◽

Association Cortex ◽

Content Type ◽

Medial Geniculate ◽

Stimulation Of

✓ Auditory hallucinations were produced by electrical stimulation of the human upper brain stem during stereotaxic operations. The responses were confined to stimulation of the inferior colliculus, brachium of the inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body, and auditory radiations. Anatomical confirmation of an auditory site was obtained in one patient. The hallucination produced was a low-pitched nonspecific auditory “paresthesia” independent of the structure stimulated, the conditions of stimulation, or sonotopic factors. The effect was identical to that reported from stimulating the primary auditory cortex, and virtually all responses were contralateral. These observations have led to the following generalizations concerning electrical stimulation of the somesthetic, auditory, vestibular, and visual pathways within the human brain stem: the hallucination induced in each is the response to comparable conditions of stimulation, is nonspecific, independent of stimulation site, confined to the primary pathway concerned, chiefly contralateral, and identical to that induced by stimulating the corresponding primary auditory cortex. No sensory responses are found in the brain stem corresponding to those from the sensory association cortex.

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