Plasma sex hormone-binding globulin rather than corticosteroid-binding globulin is a marker of insulin resistance in obese adult males

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Lewis ◽  
B. I. Shand ◽  
P. A. Elder ◽  
R. S. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Obese Adult ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Corticosteroid Binding Globulin

Concentrations of sex-hormone binding globulin and corticosteroid binding globulin in serum in relation to cardiovascular risk factors and to 12-year incidence of cardiovascular disease and overall mortality in postmenopausal women.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Lapidus ◽  
G Lindstedt ◽  
P A Lundberg ◽  
C Bengtsson ◽  
T Gredmark
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Corticosteroid Binding Globulin ◽  
Overall Mortality

Abstract We determined sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) by radioimmunoassay of serum samples from a group of 253 women, who were 54 or 60 years old when first studied in 1968-69. The SHBG concentration was highly significantly and inversely related to body mass, body mass index, waist-to-hip circumference ratio, and serum triglyceride concentration; CBG concentration was inversely related to body mass and body mass index. The concentration of neither protein was related to whether or not the subject smoked. Decrease in the concentration of SHBG, but not of CBG, was a significant risk factor for 12-year overall mortality. The plot of the 12-year incidence of myocardial infarction vs SHBG concentration was U-shaped. We recommend that SHBG be included when serum androgens or estrogens are being evaluated as risk factors for cardiovascular disease and death.

scholarly journals Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Gene Expression and Insulin Resistance

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. E2780-E2788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Winters ◽  
Jyothi Gogineni ◽  
Marjan Karegar ◽  
Charles Scoggins ◽  
Chris A. Wunderlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Nutritional Regulation ◽  
Hormone Binding

Context: The plasma level of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), a glycoprotein produced by hepatocytes, is subject to genetic, hormonal, metabolic, and nutritional regulation, and is a marker for the development of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Objective: Because the mechanism for these associations is unclear, and no studies of SHBG gene expression in humans have been published, SHBG mRNA was measured in human liver samples and related to anthropometric data. Setting: Inpatients at a private, nonprofit, university-associated hospital were studied. Participants: Subjects were fifty five adult men and women undergoing hepatic resection as treatment for cancer. Main Outcome Measures: Main outcome measures were SHBG mRNA and serum SHBG levels. Results: SHBG mRNA was a strong predictor of serum SHBG with higher levels of the mRNA and protein in women than in men. The relationship between SHBG mRNA and circulating SHBG differed in males and females consistent with a sex difference in post-transcriptional regulation. A strong positive correlation was found between the level of the mRNA for the transcription factor HNF4α and SHBG mRNA. Insulin resistance (IR), assessed by homeostatis model assessment, was related inversely to SHBG mRNA and to HNF4α mRNA as well as to circulating SHBG levels. These mRNAs, as well as serum SHBG, were higher when the hepatic triglyceride concentration was low, and decreased with increasing body mass index but were unrelated to age. Conclusions: Fat accumulation in liver and IR are important determinants of SHBG gene expression and thereby circulating SHBG levels that are perhaps mediated through effects on the transcription factor HNF4α. These findings provide a potential mechanism to explain why low SHBG predicts the development of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Sex hormone binding globulin and insulin resistance

2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Wallace ◽  
Michelle C. McKinley ◽  
Patrick M. Bell ◽  
Steven J. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Binding

scholarly journals Classic and Novel Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Effects on the Cardiovascular System in Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Carla Basualto-Alarcón ◽  
Paola Llanos ◽  
Gerardo García-Rivas ◽  
Mayarling Francisca Troncoso ◽  
Daniel Lagos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Plasma Membrane Receptors ◽  
Local Expression

In men, 70% of circulating testosterone binds with high affinity to plasma sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), which determines its bioavailability in their target cells. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has shown that circulating SHBG not only is a passive carrier for steroid hormones but also actively regulates testosterone signaling through putative plasma membrane receptors and by local expression of androgen-binding proteins apparently to reach local elevated testosterone concentrations in specific androgen target tissues. Circulating SHBG levels are influenced by metabolic and hormonal factors, and they are reduced in obesity and insulin resistance, suggesting that SHBG may have a broader clinical utility in assessing the risk for cardiovascular diseases. Importantly, plasma SHBG levels are strongly correlated with testosterone concentrations, and in men, low testosterone levels are associated with an adverse cardiometabolic profile. Although obesity and insulin resistance are associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, whether they lead to abnormal expression of circulating SHBG or its interaction with androgen signaling remains to be elucidated. SHBG is produced mainly in the liver, but it can also be expressed in several tissues including the brain, fat tissue, and myocardium. Expression of SHBG is controlled by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK/PPAR interaction is critical to regulate hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 (HNF4), a prerequisite for SHBG upregulation. In cardiomyocytes, testosterone activates AMPK and PPARs. Therefore, the description of local expression of cardiac SHBG and its circulating levels may shed new light to explain physiological and adverse cardiometabolic roles of androgens in different tissues. According to emerging clinical evidence, here, we will discuss the potential mechanisms with cardioprotective effects and SHBG levels to be used as an early metabolic and cardiovascular biomarker in men.

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