Masking the face: Recognition of emotional facial expressions as a function of the parameters of backward masking

1993 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO ESTEVES ◽  
ARNE ÖHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Backward Masking ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
The Face

The face of future: Face expressions during future thinking

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182199299
Author(s):  
Mohamad El Haj ◽  
Emin Altintas ◽  
Ahmed A Moustafa ◽  
Abdel Halim Boudoukha
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Future Thinking ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Analysis ◽  
The Face ◽  
Face Expressions

Future thinking, which is the ability to project oneself forward in time to pre-experience an event, is intimately associated with emotions. We investigated whether emotional future thinking can activate emotional facial expressions. We invited 43 participants to imagine future scenarios, cued by the words “happy,” “sad,” and “city.” Future thinking was video recorded and analysed with a facial analysis software to classify whether facial expressions (i.e., happy, sad, angry, surprised, scared, disgusted, and neutral facial expression) of participants were neutral or emotional. Analysis demonstrated higher levels of happy facial expressions during future thinking cued by the word “happy” than “sad” or “city.” In contrast, higher levels of sad facial expressions were observed during future thinking cued by the word “sad” than “happy” or “city.” Higher levels of neutral facial expressions were observed during future thinking cued by the word “city” than “happy” or “sad.” In the three conditions, the neutral facial expressions were high compared with happy and sad facial expressions. Together, emotional future thinking, at least for future scenarios cued by “happy” and “sad,” seems to trigger the corresponding facial expression. Our study provides an original physiological window into the subjective emotional experience during future thinking.

scholarly journals Novel Descriptors for Effective Recognition of Face and Facial Expressions

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-530
Author(s):  
Farid Ayeche ◽  
Adel Alti
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Support Vector Machine Classifier ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Face Image ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
The Face ◽  
Public Datasets ◽  
Edge Response

In this paper, we present a face recognition approach based on extended Histogram Oriented Gradient (HOG) descriptors to extract the facial expressions features allowing classifying the faces and facial expressions. The approach is based on determining the different directional codes on the face image based on edge response values to define the feature vector from the face image. Its size is reduced to improve the performance of the SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifier. Experiments are conducted using two public datasets: JAFFE for facial expression recognition and YALE for face recognition. Experimental results show that the proposed descriptor achieves recognition rate of 92.12% and execution time ranging from 0.4s to 0.7s in all evaluated databases compared with existing works. Experiments demonstrate and confirm both the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed descriptor.

scholarly journals Face Processing Impairments and Delusional Misidentification

1990 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Young ◽  
Hadyn D. Ellis ◽  
T. Krystyna Szulecka ◽  
Karel W. De Pauw
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Processing Abilities ◽  
The Face ◽  
Unfamiliar Faces

We report detailed investigations of the face processing abilities of four patients who had shown symptoms involving delusional misidentification. One (GC) was diagnosed as a Frégoli case, and the other three (SL, GS, and JS) by symptoms of intermetamorphosis. The face processing tasks examined their ability to recognize emotional facial expressions, identify familiar faces, match photographs of unfamiliar faces, and remember photographs of faces of unfamiliar people. The Frégoli patient (GC) was impaired at identifying familiar faces, and severely impaired at matching photographs of unfamiliar people wearing different disguises to undisguised views. Two of the intermetamorphosis patients (SL and GS) also showed impaired face processing abilities, but the third US) performed all tests at a normal level. These findings constrain conceptions of the relation between delusional misidentification, face processing impairment, and brain injury.

scholarly journals ROBUST REPRESENTATION OF 3D FACES FOR RECOGNITION

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (08) ◽  
pp. 1159-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. BELÉN MORENO ◽  
ÁNGEL SÁNCHEZ ◽  
ENRIQUE FRÍAS-MARTÍNEZ
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Recognition ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
3D Face ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Difference

Automatic face recognition is becoming increasingly important due to the security applications derived from it. Although the facial recognition problem has focused on 2D images, recently, due to the proliferation of 3D scanning hardware, 3D face recognition has become a feasible application. This 3D approach does not need any color information. In this way, it has the following main advantages in comparison to more traditional 2D approaches: (1) being robust under lighting variations and (2) providing more relevant information. In this paper we present a new 3D facial model based on the curvature properties of the surface. Our system is able to detect the subset of the characteristics of the face with higher discrimination power from a large set. The robustness of the model is tested by comparing recognition rates using both controlled and noncontrolled environments regarding facial expressions and facial rotations. The difference between the recognition rates of the two environments of only 5% proves that the model has a high degree of robustness against pose and facial expressions. We consider that this robustness is enough to implement facial recognition applications, which can achieve up to 91% correct recognition rate. A publish 3D face database containing face rotations and expressions has been created to achieve the recognition experiments.

scholarly journals Alexithymia Is Associated With Deficits in Visual Search for Emotional Faces in Clinical Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Suslow ◽  
Vivien Günther ◽  
Tilman Hensch ◽  
Anette Kersting ◽  
Charlott Maria Bodenschatz
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Clinical Depression ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Target Number ◽  
Facial Emotions ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
The Face

Background: The concept of alexithymia is characterized by difficulties identifying and describing one's emotions. Alexithymic individuals are impaired in the recognition of others' emotional facial expressions. Alexithymia is quite common in patients suffering from major depressive disorder. The face-in-the-crowd task is a visual search paradigm that assesses processing of multiple facial emotions. In the present eye-tracking study, the relationship between alexithymia and visual processing of facial emotions was examined in clinical depression.Materials and Methods: Gaze behavior and manual response times of 20 alexithymic and 19 non-alexithymic depressed patients were compared in a face-in-the-crowd task. Alexithymia was empirically measured via the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia-Scale. Angry, happy, and neutral facial expressions of different individuals were shown as target and distractor stimuli. Our analyses of gaze behavior focused on latency to the target face, number of distractor faces fixated before fixating the target, number of target fixations, and number of distractor faces fixated after fixating the target.Results: Alexithymic patients exhibited in general slower decision latencies compared to non-alexithymic patients in the face-in-the-crowd task. Patient groups did not differ in latency to target, number of target fixations, and number of distractors fixated prior to target fixation. However, after having looked at the target, alexithymic patients fixated more distractors than non-alexithymic patients, regardless of expression condition.Discussion: According to our results, alexithymia goes along with impairments in visual processing of multiple facial emotions in clinical depression. Alexithymia appears to be associated with delayed manual reaction times and prolonged scanning after the first target fixation in depression, but it might have no impact on the early search phase. The observed deficits could indicate difficulties in target identification and/or decision-making when processing multiple emotional facial expressions. Impairments of alexithymic depressed patients in processing emotions in crowds of faces seem not limited to a specific affective valence. In group situations, alexithymic depressed patients might be slowed in processing interindividual differences in emotional expressions compared with non-alexithymic depressed patients. This could represent a disadvantage in understanding non-verbal communication in groups.

scholarly journals Evaluation of 3d facial paralysis using fuzzy logic

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2325
Author(s):  
Banita . ◽  
Dr Poonam Tanwar
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Facial Paralysis ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Laser Acupuncture ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Face Model ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Right

Face recognition are of great interest to researchers in terms of Image processing and Computer Graphics. In recent years, various factors become popular which clearly affect the face model. Which are ageing, universal facial expressions, and muscle movement. Similarly in terms of medical terminology the facial paralysis can be peripheral or central depending on the level of motor neuron lesion which can be below the nucleus of the nerve or supra nuclear. The various medical therapy used for facial paralysis are electroaccupunture, electrotherapy, laser acupuncture, manual acupuncture which is a traditional form of acupuncture. Imaging plays a great role in evaluation of degree of paralysis and also for faces recognition. There is a wide research in terms of facial expressions and facial recognition but limited research work is available in facial paralysis. House- Brackmann Grading system is one of the simplest and easiest method to evaluate the degree of facial paralysis. During evaluation common facial expressions are recorded and are further evaluated by considering the focal points of the left or the right side of the face. This paper presents the classification of face recognition and its respective fuzzy rules to remove uncertainty in the result after evaluation of facial paralysis.  

Stability from Variation: The Case of Face Recognition the M.D. Vernon Memorial Lecture

1994 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Continuous Variation ◽  
Central Problem ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Face Identification ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Way

A theme running through M.D. Vernon's discussions of visual perception was the key question of how we perceive a stable world despite continuous variation. The central problem in face identification is how we build stable representations from exemplars that vary, both rigidly and non-rigidly, from instant to instant and from encounter to encounter. Experiments reveal that people are rather poor at generalizing from one exemplar of a face to another (e.g. from one photograph to another showing a different view or expression) yet highly accurate at encoding precise details of faces within the range shown by several slightly different exemplars. Moreover, provided instructions do not encourage subjects explicitly to attend to the way that different exemplars vary, faces are retained in a way that enhances familiarity of the prototype of the set, even if this was not presented for study. It is suggested that our usual encounters with continuous variations of facial expressions, angles, and lightings provide the conditions necessary to establish stable representations of individuals within an overall category (the face) where all members share the same overall structure. These observations about face recognition would probably not have come as any great surprise to Maggie Vernon, many of whose more general observations about visual perception anticipated such conclusions.

scholarly journals Recognition of Sad and Happy Facial Expressions – Lateralization and Association with Depressive Symptoms

2021 ◽  
pp. 331-352
Author(s):  
Maida Koso-Drljević ◽  
Meri Miličević
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Depression Subscale ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Face ◽  
Hemisphere Dominance ◽  
The Right

The aim of the study was to test two assumptions about the lateralization of the processing of emotional facial expressions: the assumption of right hemisphere dominance and the valence assumption and to egsamine the influence of gender of the presented stimulus (chimera) and depression as an emotional state of participants. The sample consisted of 83 female students, with an average age of 20 years. Participants solved the Task of Recognizing Emotional Facial Expressions on a computer and then completed the DASS-21, Depression subscale. The results of the study partially confirmed the assumption of valence for the dependent variable - the accuracy of the response. Participants were recognizing more accurately the emotion of sadness than happiness when it is presented on the left side of the face, which is consistent with the valence hypothesis, according to which the right hemisphere is responsible for recognizing negative emotions. However, when it comes to the right side of the face, participants were equally accurately recognizing the emotion of sadness and happiness, which is not consistent with the valence hypothesis. The main effect of the gender of the chimera was statistically significant for the accuracy of the response, the recognition accuracy was higher for the male chimeras compared to the female. A statistically significant negative correlation was obtained between the variable sides of the face (left and right) with the achieved result on the depression subscale for the dependent variable - reaction time. The higher the score on the depressive subscale, the slower (longer) is reaction time to the presented chimera, both on the left and on the right.

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