Making gender matter: The role of gender-based expectancies and gender identification on women's and men's math performance in Sweden

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIMMO ERIKSSON ◽  
TORUN LINDHOLM
Keyword(s):  
Math Performance ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Socio-cultural Causes of Gender Disparity in Nepalese Society

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-111
Author(s):  
Anita Shrestha ◽  
Ritu Prasad Gartoulla
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Political Awareness ◽  
The Government ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Cultural Causes

 Gender is socially constructed idea and disparity is the problem created by the society. The study was conducted from the socio-cultural perspective so the main objective of this study was to identify the socio-cultural causes of gender disparity in five different ethnic groups: Newar, Magar, Tamang, Rai/Limbu and Brahmin/Chhetri of Kathmandu Valley. Total 390 respondents were selected randomly from the all ethnic groups. Except the role of religion, the role of culture, patriarchy system, social perception, sources of income, level of education, political awareness & involvement and gender based division of labor had significant effect to increase the gender disparity in society. Political announcement that Nepal as a secular country had effected in the perception and practices related to the religious activities of people also. The government should address the socio-cultural problem and further researcher should explore the strategies to address the problem of gender disparity.

scholarly journals Narrative Imagination and Social Change: Instructors in Agricultural Colleges in Ethiopia Address Sexual and Gender-Based Violence

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
S. M. Hani Sadati ◽  
Claudia Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Narrative Imagination ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Agricultural Colleges ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Ethiopia has one of the highest rates of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) in the world, making female students particularly vulnerable in its post-secondary institutions. Although there is extensive literature that describes the problem, mainly from the students' perspectives, what remains understudied is the role of instructors, their perception of the current issues, and what they imagine they can do to address campus-based SGBV, particularly in rural settings. In this study, we used the concept of narrative imagination to work with instructors in four Ethiopian agricultural colleges to explore how they understand the SGBV issues at their colleges and what they imagine their own role could include in efforts to combat these problems. Using qualitative narrative-based methods such as interviews and an interactive storyline development workshop, as well as cellphilming (cellphone + film) as a participatory visual method, the data were collected across several fieldwork phases. We consider how we might broaden this framework of narrative imagination to include the notion of art for social change.

THE ROLE OF SEX AND GENDER IDENTIFICATION IN STEM FACULTY'S WORK-RELATED STRESS AND EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Hawthorne ◽  
Shannon K. McCoy ◽  
Ellen E. Newell ◽  
Amy Blackstone ◽  
Susan K. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Work Related Stress ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
And Gender

Role of Climate Change in Exacerbating Sexual and Gender-Based Violence against Women: A New Challenge for International Law

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Bharat H. Desai ◽  
Moumita Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Law ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Political Security ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

The advent of climate change era has been affirmed by various global processes including 21 May 2019 recognition by the Anthropocene Working Group of ‘human impact’ in bringing profound alterations on planet earth. It has emerged as the predominant ‘world problematique’. Though entire populations are affected by climate change, women and girls suffer the most. Due to their traditional roles, women are heavily dependent on natural resources. As already seen, as a consequence of natural disasters and during Covid-19 pandemic in 2020-21, women have faced heightened real-life challenges specially being vulnerable to different forms of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). They suffer from a lack of protection, privacy, and mental trauma. Women are exposed to SGBV due to weak or absence of social, economic, political security and the culture of widespread impunity to the perpetrators. There is double victimization of women both as human beings and because of their gender. Effect of SGBV is highly injurious and perpetual. A close study of four main areas of international law does not yield any international legal instrument that deals with SGBV against women during and after the climate change induced disasters. This is more ominous when growing evidence suggests role of climate change in exacerbation of SGBV against women and girls. Even texts of the three specific climate change treaties (1992 UNFCCC, 1997 Kyoto Protocol and 2005 Paris Agreement) do not address this issue. It has been given attention only through the decisions of the Conference of the Parties in recent years. Due to serious psychological and bodily harm SGBV causes to women, it needs to be explicitly factored in respective international legal instruments on climate change and disasters. Amidst ignorance, denials and lack of adequate attention as regards impact of climate change in exacerbating SGBV against women and girls from the scholars and decision-makers in the field, this study makes a modest effort to deduce and analyze –from scattered initiatives, scholarly literature in different areas, existing international legal instruments and intergovernmental processes –the growing causal relationship between climate change and SGBV against women and girls so as to suggest a way out for our better common future. It is a new challenge to international law that needs to be duly addressed in a timely manner.

Hybrid Courts and Amicus Curiae Briefing

2020 ◽  
pp. 351-365
Author(s):  
Sarah Williams
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
International Criminal Law ◽  
Amicus Curiae ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
International Criminal Tribunals ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

This chapter studies the amicus curiae brief drafted for the Extraordinary African Chambers (EAC) regarding sexual violence in order to theorize the appropriate role of such briefing in enabling silenced voices to participate in international criminal tribunals. The term amicus curiae means literally ‘friend of the court’ in Latin. The concept enables actors who are not a party to proceedings (third parties) to provide information that is relevant, but which may not otherwise be brought before the court. Submissions by amicus curiae have influenced the process and judicial outcomes of international and hybrid criminal tribunals, including the International Criminal Court (ICC). This was evident at the EAC. Several international criminal law practitioners and academics submitted an amicus brief to the Chambers highlighting the need to include crimes of sexual and gender-based violence in the charges to be considered by the Chambers (the SGBV brief). The chapter then explores how civil society actors have used amicus curiae briefs to highlight the experiences and needs of women and girls affected by conflict and failures by tribunals to investigate and prosecute sexual violence in other international criminal tribunals.

scholarly journals Gender Precarity: Gender Identity and the Economy of Authenticity

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
Benjamin Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Trans People ◽  
The Common ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Trouble

In this paper I examine the role of authenticity within contemporary debates about gender identity with an eye to exploring the structure of sex and gender-based oppressions - with particular consideration with the marginalisation of trans subjects. I begin with a return to Butler's Gender Trouble to critically examine her ontology of gender and the suggestion that gender cannot be a matter of authenticity. Though this disagrees with the common schematic of trans identity mobilised within contemporary identity politics, this paper seeks to use this critique to provide a deeper explanation of trans oppression within the context of Butler's heterosexual matrix. The aim of this move is to situate trans struggles as central within philosophical feminist theory - whilst breaking from several of the shortcomings of contemporary identity ontology. These considerations will then be explored alongside Butler's work in Precarious Life, wherein the oppression of trans people will be explored in how these subjects bear a greater burden of authenticity - wherein trans genders are automatically regarded as authentic whereas cis genders remain unquestioned. This contextualises the rhetorical and ontological move adopted by many trans activists whereby they present gender as a matter of absolute and inviolable fact - which is incompatible with Butler's ontology of gender. Using bother of Butler's texts, we can regard this move as the pursuit of an impossible security, a move that serves to obscure the inauthenticity of gender overall. Instead, we are encouraged to embrace in inauthenticity of gender and to refuse to allow ourselves to sink into an economy of authenticity that marginalises trans subjects.

scholarly journals Perspectives on Gender Stereotypes: How Did Gender-Based Perceptions Put Hillary Clinton at an Electoral Disadvantage in the 2016 Election?

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemah Nawabdin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Hillary Clinton ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Women Candidates ◽  
White House ◽  
Differential Evaluation ◽  
2016 Election ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Research on gender stereotypes has largely emphasized that women candidates are evaluated differently compared to their male counterparts. In this article, I argue that such differential evaluation put Clinton at an electoral disadvantage in the 2016 election. I develop my expectations based on the differences between feminine stereotypes and masculine stereotypes and how voters’ perceptions of the latter match the longstanding popular expectations for political leaders, in a way that advantages men as candidates and disadvantages women. I also expect that a “gender affinity effect” influenced the election, with Democratic women being more likely to vote for Clinton. In this article, I rely on data from the 2016 American National Election Survey to evaluate the role of gender affinity effect and gender stereotypes in Clinton’s electability. The results show that masculine personality traits had the largest effect and were more fundamental for winning the White House. They also show that there was no significant evidence of a gender affinity effect among Democratic women in terms of voting for Clinton. These results offer new insights into voters’ gender stereotypic perceptions of Clinton and their consequences for the electoral fortunes of women candidates in general.

scholarly journals Becoming Female: The Role of Menarche Rituals in “Making Women” in Malawi

2020 ◽  
pp. 423-440
Author(s):  
Milena Bacalja Perianes ◽  
Dalitso Ndaferankhande
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Female Behavior ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relational Experience ◽  
Ontological Position

Abstract This chapter uses qualitative research methods to explore the role that menarche rituals play in making women in Malawi—specifically, the role that ritual and practice play in facilitating the integration of girls into social structures and in providing a means of codifying female behavior. Bacalja Perianes and Ndaferankhande read these rituals through an African ontological position to move beyond understanding African women’s subjectivity through the lens of oppression and gender-based hierarchies. By situating menstruation in local epistemologies, Bacalja Perianes and Ndaferankhande demonstrate how gender can be understood at a personal level, through the collective and relational experience of menstruation in Malawi. Findings from the research suggest that within Malawi, to be female is collectively ascribed, and individually understood, through the active and intelligible performance of menarche rituals and consequent menstrual practices. It is through such traditions, Bacalja Perianes and Ndaferankhande show, that women are “made,” with their newly ascribed gender imbuing them with a locus of power within their communities.

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