Through the Looking Glass: No Wonderland Yet! (The Reciprocal Relationship between Methodology and Models of Reality)

1983 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhoda Kesler Unger
Keyword(s):  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Knowledge Perspective ◽  
Question Selection ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Looking Glass

This article discusses the relationship between conceptual frameworks and methodology in psychology. It is argued that our models of reality influence our research in terms of question selection, causal factors hypothesized, and interpretation of data. The position and role of women as objects and agents of research are considered in terms of a sociology of knowledge perspective. Suggestions are offered for a more reflexive psychology.

scholarly journals KAUSALITAS ANTARA FUNDAMENTAL EKONOMI DAERAH DAN PERAN WANITA DALAM PEMBANGUNAN

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Amin Pujiati
Keyword(s):  
Granger Causality ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Women In Development ◽  
Economic Fundamentals ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Women's Role

This study aims to analyze the role of women in development and the causality between regional economic fundamentals and the role of women at Central Java. It uses district level data and supplied by the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics during 2001- 2009. The tools of analysis Granger Causality Test. The results of the analysis of the role of women in development is still low, from education, health, women's role and potential of public sector point of view. The Granger Causality tests results shows that a direct relationship between women's role in regional development with economic fundamentals, that also the role of women in development increased, causing increased local economic fundamentals. In this study there is no reciprocal relationship between economic fundamentals and the role of women.

scholarly journals «THE ORDER OF THE SOCIAL» AS A CATEGORY: OPERATIONALIZATION OPPORTUNITIES

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Social ◽  
Knowledge Perspective ◽  
Micro Level

The article reveals the heuristic potential of the category «social order», proposed by the author to study the complexity of social systems. Based on historical and sociological material and conceptual analysis, the author demonstrates the potential of this category from the sociology of knowledge perspective. The problem of operationalization of the category «social order» is analyzed. It is emphasized that the key heuristic in this problem is the isolation and construction of the concept "cardinality of the order», which, by analogy with set theory, is understood as a generalization of the number of elements of order, that is the number of existing or possible connections. The definition, systemic connections and methods of operationalization and indication of the categories «social», «order of social», «cardinality of order» are given and analyzed. A separate accent is placed on the analysis of how the category «cardinality of order» allows us to synthesize micro- and macro-issues of research on the social order. The connection of the social order with freedom as a social construct at the macro level, as well as the structures of order with the event processes at the micro level are the most important plots. In addition, an important plot is the ratio of production and consumption of the social order in terms of growth (differentiation) or decline (dedifferentiation) of order power. The figures of «normal actor» (involved in his daily occurrence), producer and consumer of order of social as factors of dynamics of this order are important in this plot. The possibilities of the sociology of knowledge in the study of the social order are investigated. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of imagination as a way of producing social and social order. The conclusion is formulated on the possibilities and limitations of operationalization and indication of the social order through micro- and macro-parameters.

scholarly journals Hyperuricemia and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review from Physiology and Pathogenesis to the Role of Urate-Lowering Therapy

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1674
Author(s):  
Tao Han Lee ◽  
Jia-Jin Chen ◽  
Chao-Yi Wu ◽  
Chih-Wei Yang ◽  
Huang-Yu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Renal Disease Progression ◽  
Lowering Therapy ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between hyperuricemia, gout, and renal disease has been investigated for several years. From the beginning, kidney disease has been considered a complication of gout; however, the viewpoints changed, claiming that hypertension and elevated uric acid (UA) levels are caused by decreased urate excretion in patients with renal impairment. To date, several examples of evidence support the role of hyperuricemia in cardiovascular or renal diseases. Several mechanisms have been identified that explain the relationship between hyperuricemia and chronic kidney disease, including the crystal effect, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system activation, nitric oxide synthesis inhibition, and intracellular oxidative stress stimulation, and urate-lowering therapy (ULT) has been proven to reduce renal disease progression in the past few years. In this comprehensive review, the source and physiology of UA are introduced, and the mechanisms that explain the reciprocal relationship between hyperuricemia and kidney disease are reviewed. Lastly, current evidence supporting the use of ULT to postpone renal disease progression in patients with hyperuricemia and gout are summarized.

Female Patrons of Monasticism in the Late Medieval Balkans (13th-14th Centuries)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taisiya Leber
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Spiritual Guidance ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Female Patronage ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Relationship

This article focuses on the role of women as patrons of monastic institutions, monks and church hierarchs in the late medieval Balkans. Two case studies from medieval Serbia are examined to demonstrate the peculiarities of the relationship between female rulers and bishops, as well as of the different forms and aspects of female patronage of monasticism, like founding and donating to monasteries or commissioning liturgical books. One of the most important questions concerns the motivation of women for patronizing monks. It is suggested that there was some interplay in cooperation between female patrons and monks. The question is posed whether prayers, commemoration, spiritual guidance and even the composing of a vita (i.e. contributing to the veneration of a new saint) may be understood as a form of compensation on the part of the monks towards female patrons.

How grammar and culture interact in Zamucoan

2021 ◽  
pp. 235-287
Author(s):  
Luca Ciucci
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Grammatical Gender ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Social ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Relationship

This paper analyzes the interaction between language and society in the Zamucoan languages (†Old Zamuco, Ayoreo and Chamacoco), spoken in south-eastern Bolivia and northern Paraguay. I show how grammatical gender was a source for poetic metaphors, systematically shaping Ayoreo mythology, and how change in Chamacoco cosmovision correlates with the development of gender switch in animal nouns. Also, some mismatches between linguistic and natural gender reflect the role of women in Ayoreo society. The relationship between the father and the first legitimate child is particularly important for the Ayoreo and is expressed through a teknonymic suffix. The attention to the preservation of the environment and the social practice to share consumable resources are reflected in the impossibility to directly possess animals and plants in Zamucoan. Competition did not play an important role in Zamucoan societies, which are traditionally egalitarian, and there are hints that Zamucoan had originally no dedicated comparative structures.

Towards an understanding of the relationship between family-oriented benefits and employee behaviors: Does coworker support matter?

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina A Bourne ◽  
Sara Ann McComb ◽  
Melissa S Woodard
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Coworker Support ◽  
Employee Behaviors ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractDrawing on social exchange theory, we explore the reciprocal relationship between the perception of being offered family-oriented benefits (childcare information services and childcare vouchers) and parent–employees' engagement in organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). We examine the moderating role of both general and family-oriented social support from coworkers, an often cited, but less frequently studied aspect of parent–employees' work experiences. Based on survey data from parent–employees and their supervisors in the United States, we find that the strength of the relationship between the benefits and OCBs varies when coworker support is high versus low and that the direction of the relationship varies according to the type of coworker support. Specifically, when childcare vouchers are offered, OCBs are related to general support, whereas when childcare information is offered, OCBs are related to family-oriented support.

11. Gender and Security

2018 ◽  
pp. 159-172
Author(s):  
Caroline Kennedy ◽  
Sophia Dingli
Keyword(s):  
Queer Theory ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Gendered Roles ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines the relationship between gender and security, distinguishing between ‘practical’ and ‘discursive’ aspects of such relationship and exploring the problematizing of gendered roles through Queer Theory. Practical aspects are exemplified by the concrete role of women in militaries, or as victims, bystanders, or helpers of military conflict or of militarization in general. Discursive aspects are exemplified by the traditional connections made between militarism and masculinity and between nurturing, peace, and femininity. The chapter first explains what gender means and why issues of gender are relevant to understanding security. It shows how understanding and placing notions of gender at the centre of any debate on security can help us comprehend the way men and women relate to insecurity, violence, and war. Theorists have often discussed gender and security by referring to war and peace, but the chapter stresses the need to pay attention to the post-conflict environment.

11. Gender and Security

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Kennedy ◽  
Sophia Dingli
Keyword(s):  
War And Peace ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines the relationship between gender and security, distinguishing between ‘practical’ and ‘discursive’ aspects of such relationship. Practical aspects are exemplified by the concrete role of women in militaries, or as victims, bystanders, or helpers of military conflict or of militarization in general. Discursive aspects are exemplified by the traditional connections made between militarism and masculinity and between nurturing, peace, and femininity. The chapter first explains what gender means and why issues of gender are relevant to understanding security. It shows how understanding and placing notions of gender at the centre of any debate on security can help us comprehend the way men and women relate to insecurity, violence, and war. Theorists have often discussed gender and security by referring to war and peace, but the chapter stresses the need to pay attention to the post-conflict environment.

1. The trouble with terrorism

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Charles Townshend
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fight Or Flight

The point of terrorism is to upset and make people feel vulnerable. ‘The trouble with terrorism’ attempts to define terrorism by examining the relationship between terror and war. Should all acts of terrorism be regarded as illegal? What factors decide whether an act of violence by non-state actors is justifiable despite being illegal? There are three elements in the terror process: seizing attention (shock, horror, fear, or revulsion), getting the terrorist message across, and fight or flight (the response to terrorism). The different strategies of terror, the shapes and forms of different terrorist organizations and their arms, as well as the role of women in terrorism are also considered.

Alban Berg and Peter Altenberg: Intimate Art and the Aesthetics of Life

1993 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Full Understanding ◽  
Alban Berg ◽  
Personal Significance ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Literary Autobiography

The importance of literature to Berg in the creation of his artistic world has generally been underestimated. Peter Altenberg was especially influential on the young Berg through their friendship, Berg's reading of Altenberg's works, and the relationship of Berg's future wife with both men. Not only is a full understanding of the Altenberg Picture Postcard Texts crucial to the interpretation of Berg's Altenberg Lieder, but Altenberg's peculiar approaches to literary autobiography and vision of the role of women provided a model for Berg for this and subsequent works. Berg extracted five short texts from Altenberg's full texts and rearranged them in a way that had special aesthetic and personal significance for himself. Important aspects of Berg's musical setting relate directly to his treatment of the texts.

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