Accelerated growth rates in late-hatched Rhinoceros Auklet Cerorhinca monocerata chicks depend on food conditions and growth stage: an experimental approach

ABSTRACT The susceptibility of representative strains of Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum (the MAIS group) to chlorine was studied to identify factors related to culture conditions and growth phase that influenced susceptibility. M. avium and M. intracellulare strains were more resistant to chlorine than were strains of M. scrofulaceum. Transparent and unpigmented colony variants were more resistant to chlorine than were their isogenic opaque and pigmented variants (respectively). Depending on growth stage and growth rate, MAIS strains differed in their chlorine susceptibilities. Cells from strains of all three species growing in early log phase at the highest growth rates were more susceptible than cells in log and stationary phase. Rapidly growing cells were more susceptible to chlorine than slowly growing cells. The chlorine susceptibility of M. avium cells grown at 30°C was increased when cells were exposed to chlorine at 40°C compared to susceptibility after exposure at 30°C. Cells of M. avium grown in 6% oxygen were significantly more chlorine susceptible than cells grown in air. Chlorine-resistant MAIS strains were more hydrophobic and resistant to Tween 80, para-nitrobenzoate, hydroxylamine, and nitrite than were the chlorine-sensitive strains.

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Applicability of the doubly labelled water method to the rhinoceros auklet, Cerorhinca monocerata

Biology Open ◽

10.1242/bio.20122436 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (11) ◽

pp. 1141-1145 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. Shirai ◽

M. Ito ◽

K. Yoda ◽

Y. Niizuma

Keyword(s):

Doubly Labelled Water ◽

Cerorhinca Monocerata ◽

Rhinoceros Auklet

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Resource allocation in fledglings of the rhinoceros auklet under different feeding conditions: an experiment manipulating meal size and frequency

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z05-145 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 83 (11) ◽

pp. 1476-1485 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Makiko Takenaka ◽

Yasuaki Niizuma ◽

Yutaka Watanuki

Keyword(s):

Normal Group ◽

Meal Size ◽

High Group ◽

Brain Mass ◽

Cerorhinca Monocerata ◽

Lipid Mass ◽

Ammodytes Personatus ◽

Fledging Mass ◽

Rhinoceros Auklet ◽

Large Meal

By manipulating meal size and frequency in an alcid, the rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata (Pallas, 1811)), we examined two hypotheses: (1) poorly fed chicks allocate resources preferentially to developing organs essential for fledging, and (2) intermittently fed chicks deposit more lipids than regularly fed ones. Chicks were fed normal (NORMAL; 40–80 g, mean meal mass in a normal year), small (LOW; 26–54 g, half of NORMAL), or large (HIGH; 80–160 g, twice as much as NORMAL) amounts of sandlance (Ammodytes personatus Girard, 1856) every day or the large meal (80–160 g) every 2 days (INTERMITTENT). Chicks fed more food grew faster. The HIGH group had the greatest fledging mass and shortest fledging period. The wingspan and brain mass of fledglings did not differ among groups. The heart, liver, and breast muscle at fledging were 15%–25% smaller in the LOW group than in the NORMAL group but did not differ between the NORMAL and HIGH groups. The total lipid was 43% greater in the HIGH group than in the NORMAL group, and that of the LOW group was 38% smaller. The INTERMITTENT group had a similar lipid mass to the NORMAL group. Chicks feeding on small meals seemed to maintain the growth of organs essential for fledging, while chicks feeding on large meals seemed to deposit a surplus as lipid rather than allocate more to the development of organs.

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Diving behavior of an epipelagically feeding alcid, the Rhinoceros Auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z03-112 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 81 (7) ◽

pp. 1249-1256 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Maki Kuroki ◽

Akiko Kato ◽

Yutaka Watanuki ◽

Yasuaki Niizuma ◽

Akinori Takahashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feeding Habits ◽

Dive Depth ◽

Diving Behavior ◽

Bottom Phase ◽

Cerorhinca Monocerata ◽

The Hours ◽

Small Bird ◽

Rhinoceros Auklet ◽

Ascent Phase ◽

Horizontal Bottom

The diving behavior of Rhinoceros Auklets (Cerorhinca monocerata) breeding at Teuri Island, Hokkaido, Japan, was studied using small bird-borne timedepth dataloggers. The eight auklets made dives without an obvious horizontal bottom phase to a median depth of 14.0 ± 1.8 (mean ± SD) m (maximum 57 m) for 53 ± 8 s (maximum 148 s) between the hours of 0300 and 2000. They made undulations (rapid depth changes), considered to represent prey pursuit, in 35% of the dives. Of the undulations, 57% occurred during the deep (>80% of maximum depth) parts of the dives and 26% during the ascent phase. The auklets performed 26 ± 31 dives continuously during dive bouts of 32 ± 34 min. Dive bouts at the end of the day were twice as long as in the morning and at midday. During dive bouts, the auklets showed consistent trends in dive depth, decreasing (23% of bouts), increasing (32%), or stable (19%), but sometimes they showed hectic depth changes (26%). V-shaped dives (with no horizontal bottom phase), potential prey pursuit in both the deep parts and ascent phases of the dives, and variable depth changes within dive bouts indicate the auklets' epipelagic feeding habits.

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Common Ravens (Corvus corax) Prey on Rhinoceros Auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata) Eggs, Chicks, and Possibly Adults

The Wilson Journal of Ornithology ◽

10.1676/wils-127-02-336-339.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 127 (2) ◽

pp. 336-339 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

James L. Hayward ◽

Gordon J. Atkins ◽

Ashley A. Reichert ◽

Shandelle M. Henson

Keyword(s):

Corvus Corax ◽

Cerorhinca Monocerata ◽

Rhinoceros Auklet

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Review of data on hoof growth in normal and laminitic equines suggests a new aetiology for acute laminitis

10.7287/peerj.preprints.26992 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas P Ryan

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variation ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Developmental Phase ◽

Dorsal Region ◽

Dorsal Wall ◽

Accelerated Growth ◽

The Difference ◽

Equine Hoof ◽

Rates Of Growth ◽

Insight Into

Background. To gain a greater insight into normal and laminitic hoof growth and to be able to make comparisons between the two groups. Methods. Ten normal and three laminitic equines completed the survey, each hoof was marked with a horizontal file mark in three places, the dorsal wall and each medial and lateral quarter at about 1cm below the coronary band. Measurement of the progression of the file mark was made every 28 days, a total of 1,872 measurements were made. Results. Equine hoof growth rates showed seasonal variation with greater rates of growth during the summer months and slower rates during the winter. In normal horses growth was slower at the quarters compared to the dorsal region but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). During the summer months laminitic hoof growth at the quarters was significantly faster than at the laminitic dorsal region (p< 0.05). The rate of accelerated growth at the laminitic quarters reduced during the winter months and was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Discussion. The results of this measurement survey highlighted that laminitic hoof growth is remarkably different at the quarters. This raises the question of when the transition from normal to laminitic hoof growth takes place. Traditionally changes in hoof shape during laminitis have been assumed to be a consequence of the acute phase but this has never been confirmed. The possibility exists that abnormal hoof growth could commence early in the developmental phase, the implications of abnormal hoof growth commencing at this stage are profound. A new etiology for equine laminitis then becomes possible, based on accelerated hoof growth at the quarters inducing the hoof capsule to change in shape; this process would have the capacity to subject the underlying dorsal dermal laminae to forces of extension which would be capable of destroying the laminal interface.

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The effect of Achene heteromorphism on progeny traits in the shaggy soldier [Galinsoga ciliata (Rafin) S. F. Blake]

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2010.032 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 51-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Magdalena Kucewicz ◽

Ewa Gojło ◽

Anna Kowalska

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Crop Production ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Annual Plant ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

The Individual ◽

Galinsoga Ciliata

The shaggy soldier [Galinsoga ciliata (Rafin) S. F. Blake], family Asteraceae] is an invasive species that poses a growing threat to crop production. This annual plant produces heteromorphic achenes in a capitulum type inflorescence. The objective of this study was to compare selected morphological and phenological parameters and the success of generative reproduction in plants developed from peripheral and central achenes of the capitulum. The somatic variability of G. ciliata diaspores contributed to differences in the growth rates, development and fertility of the resulting populations. The progeny of central diaspores developed at a slower rate than the individuals derived from peripheral achenes, but at the end of their life cycle, the offspring of dimorphic achenes formed homogenous groups as regards height values. On average, the initial phenophases of G. ciliata plants derived from central achenes began one day later, and they entered the flowering stage eight days later than the individuals developed from peripheral seeds. At the initial growth stage (experimental day 65 to 83), the progeny of central achenes produced fewer capitula. On day 133, the individual fertility of the plants derived from central diaspores was 10% higher on average in comparison with the offspring of peripheral achenes.

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Do Rhinoceros Auklet, Cerorhinca monocerata, Fledglings Fly to the Sea from Their Natal Burrows?

The Canadian Field-Naturalist ◽

10.22621/cfn.v118i4.69 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 118 (4) ◽

pp. 615

Author(s):

James L. Hayward ◽

Jere K. Clayburn

Keyword(s):

Cerorhinca Monocerata ◽

Rhinoceros Auklet

The mode of departure of Rhinoceros Auklet fledglings from their nest burrows has remained uncertain. Both walk-down and fly-down hypotheses have been proposed. Here we use the unique geography of Protection Island, Washington, to evaluate the fly-down hypothesis. Some fledglings raised on Protection Island do appear to walk to the water, but our results suggest that many of the island’s fledgling Rhinoceros Auklets fly to the sea.

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Effect of Pulsed Electric Fields on the Growth and Acidification Kinetics of Lactobacillus delbrueckii Subsp. bulgaricus

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9091146 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1146

Author(s):

Kaidi Peng ◽

Mohamed Koubaa ◽

Olivier Bals ◽

Eugène Vorobiev

Keyword(s):

Electric Fields ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Specific Growth ◽

Pulsed Electric Fields ◽

Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽

Accelerated Growth ◽

Specific Growth Rates ◽

The Impact ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Lactobacillus Delbrueckii Subsp

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF) on the growth and acidification kinetics of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CFL1 during fermentation. The PEF treatments were applied during the fermentation process using a recirculation pump and a PEF treatment chamber coupled with a PEF generator. The medium flow rate through the chamber was first optimized to obtain the same growth and acidification kinetics than the control fermentation without medium recirculation. Different PEF intensities (60–428 V cm−1) were then applied to the culture medium to study the impact of PEF on the cells’ behavior. The growth and acidification kinetics were recorded during the fermentation and the specific growth rates µ, pH, and acidification rate (dpH/dt) were assessed. The results obtained showed a biphasic growth by applying high PEF intensities (beyond 285 V cm−1) with the presence of two maximal specific growth rates and a decrease in the acidification activities. It was demonstrated that the cells were stressed during the PEF treatment, but presented an accelerated growth after stopping it, leading thereby to similar absorbance and pH at the end of the fermentation. These results show the great potential of PEF technology to be applied to generate low acidified products by performing PEF-assisted fermentations.

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Attained Size and Growth Rate of Female Volleyball Players between 9 and 13 Years of Age

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.6.3.257 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 257-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Robert M. Malina

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Body Size ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Growth Status ◽

School Year ◽

Body Weights ◽

Volleyball Players ◽

Tall Girls ◽

Accelerated Growth ◽

Average Body

The growth status and rate of a mixed-longitudinal sample (N = 19) of female volleyball players 9–13 years of age were compared to reference data for the general population. The athletes were measured at the beginning and end of the school year. Growth rates in stature and weight adjusted to 6-month intervals were calculated. The results indicate mean statures that are above U.S. reference medians and mean weights that are near the medians (i.e., tall girls with average body weights). Estimated half-year growth rates in stature and weight from 10.0–13.0 years closely match the respective medians of the Fels longitudinal study. The data thus suggest that the larger body size of young volleyball players is not a function of accelerated growth rate during these early adolescent ages and, thus, not due to earlier maturation; body size is likely genotypic and probably reflects selection at relatively young ages for the size demands of the sport.

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