FIVE TIMES SIT TO STAND TEST IS A PREDICTOR OF RECURRENT FALLS IN HEALTHY COMMUNITY-LIVING SUBJECTS AGED 65 AND OLDER

BackgroundCorrect identification of people at risk for recurrent falls facilitates the establishment of preventive and rehabilitative strategies in older adults.ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were: (1) to develop and validate a simple clinical scale to stratify risk for recurrent falls in community-dwelling elderly people based on easily obtained social and clinical items and (2) to evaluate the added value of 3 clinical balance tests in predicting this risk.DesignThis was a prospective measurement study.MethodsA population of 1,618 community-dwelling people over 65 years of age underwent a health checkup, including performance of 3 clinical balance tests: the One-Leg-Balance Test, the Timed “Up & Go” Test, and the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test. Falls were recorded using a self-administered questionnaire that was completed a mean (SD) of 25±5 months after the visit. Participants were randomly divided into either group A (n=999), which was used to develop the scale, or group B (n=619), which was used to prospectively validate the scale.ResultsLogistic regression analysis identified 4 variables that independently predicted recurrent falls in group A: history of falls, living alone, taking ≥4 medications per day, and female sex. Thereafter, 3 risk categories of recurrent falls (low, moderate, and high) were determined. Predicted probability of recurrent falls increased from 4.1% to 30.1% between the first and third categories. This scale subsequently was validated with great accuracy in group B. Only the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test provided added value in the estimation of risk for recurrent falls, especially for the participants who were at moderate risk, in whom failure on the test (duration of >15 seconds) doubled the risk.LimitationsFalls were assessed only once, and length of follow-up was heterogeneous (18–36 months).ConclusionsClinicians could easily classify older patients in low-, moderate-, or high-risk groups of recurrent falls by using 4 easy-to-obtain items. The Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test provides added value to stratify risk for falls in people at moderate risk.

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REFERENCE VALUES FOR THE FIVE-REPETITION SIT-TO-STAND TEST: A DESCRIPTIVE META-ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM ELDERS

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.103.5.215-222 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 103 (5) ◽

pp. 215 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

RICHARD W. BOHANNON

Keyword(s):

Reference Values ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Stand Test ◽

Sit To Stand

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Incidence and multidimensional predictors of occasional and recurrent falls among Malaysian community‐dwelling older persons

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-021-02103-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Theng Choon Ooi ◽

Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh ◽

Suzana Shahar ◽

Nor Fadilah Rajab ◽

Divya Vanoh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Incidence Rate ◽

Older Persons ◽

Test Score ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Chair Stand ◽

Stand Test ◽

Chair Stand Test ◽

Recurrent Falls ◽

History Of

Abstract Background Falls incidence rate and comprehensive data on factors that predict occasional and repeated falls from large population-based studies are scarce. In this study, we aimed to determine the incidence of falls and identify predictors of occasional and recurrent falls. This was done in the social, medical, physical, nutritional, biochemical, cognitive dimensions among community-dwelling older Malaysians. Methods Data from 1,763 Malaysian community-dwelling older persons aged ≥ 60 years were obtained from the LRGS-TUA longitudinal study. Participants were categorized into three groups according to the presence of a single fall (occasional fallers), ≥two falls (recurrent fallers), or absence of falls (non-fallers) at an 18-month follow-up. Results Three hundred and nine (17.53 %) participants reported fall occurrences at an 18-month follow-up, of whom 85 (27.51 %) had two or more falls. The incidence rate for occasional and recurrent falls was 8.47 and 3.21 per 100 person-years, respectively. Following multifactorial adjustments, being female (OR: 1.57; 95 % CI: 1.04–2.36), being single (OR: 5.31; 95 % CI: 3.36–37.48), having history of fall (OR: 1.86; 95 % CI: 1.19–2.92) higher depression scale score (OR: 1.10; 95 % CI: 1.02–1.20), lower hemoglobin levels (OR: 0.90; 95 % CI: 0.81-1.00) and lower chair stand test score (OR: 0.93; 95 % CI: 0.87-1.00) remained independent predictors of occasional falls. While, having history of falls (OR: 2.74; 95 % CI: 1.45–5.19), being a stroke survivor (OR: 8.57; 95 % CI: 2.12–34.65), higher percentage of body fat (OR: 1.04; 95 % CI: 1.01–1.08) and lower chair stand test score (OR: 0.87; 95 % CI: 0.77–0.97) appeared as recurrent falls predictors. Conclusions Having history of falls and lower muscle strength were predictors for both occasional and recurrent falls among Malaysian community-dwelling older persons. Modifying these predictors may be beneficial in falls prevention and management strategies among older persons.

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Effectiveness of Text Messaging as an Incentive to Maintain Physical Activity after Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18126645 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 6645

Author(s):

Giulia Foccardi ◽

Marco Vecchiato ◽

Daniel Neunhaeuserer ◽

Michele Mezzaro ◽

Giulia Quinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽

Exercise Testing ◽

Text Messages ◽

Control Group ◽

Stand Test ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Significant Difference

Although the efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is proven, the need to improve patients’ adherence has emerged. There are only a few studies that have investigated the effect of sending text messages after a CR period to stimulate subjects’ ongoing engagement in regular physical activity (PA). A randomized controlled pilot trial was conducted after CR, sending a daily PA text message reminder to an intervention group (IG), which was compared with a usual care control group (CG) during three months of follow-up. Thirty-two subjects were assessed pre- and post-study intervention with GPAQ, submaximal iso-watt exercise testing, a 30 s sit-to-stand test, a bilateral arm curl test, and a final survey on a seven-point Likert scale. A statistically significant difference in the increase of moderate PA time (Δ 244.7 (95% CI 189.1, 300.4) minutes, p < 0.001) and in the reduction of sedentary behavior time (Δ −77.5 (95% CI 104.9, −50.1) minutes, p = 0.004) was shown when the IG was compared with the CG. This was associated with an improvement in heart rate, blood pressure, and patients’ Borg rating on the category ratio scale 10 (CR10) in iso-watt exercise testing (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, only the IG did not show a worsening of the strength parameters in the follow-up leading to a change of the 30 s sit-to-stand test with a difference of +2.2 (95% CI 1.23, 3.17) repetitions compared to CG (p = 0.03). The telemedical intervention has been appreciated by the IG, whose willingness to continue with regular PA emerged to be superior compared to the CG. Text messages are an effective and inexpensive adjuvant after phase 2 CR that improves adherence to regular PA. Further studies are needed to confirm these results in a larger patient population and in the long term.

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The outcome of a preoperative one-minute sit-to-stand test is associated with ventilation time after cardiac surgery

Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal ◽

10.1080/14017431.2020.1866771 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Jan Gofus ◽

Martin Vobornik ◽

Vladimir Koblizek ◽

Marek Pojar ◽

Jan Vojacek

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Stand Test ◽

Ventilation Time ◽

Sit To Stand

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Hemodynamic Responses in Lower Limb Lymphedema Patients Undergoing Physical Therapy

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10070642 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 642

Author(s):

Bianca Brix ◽

Olivier White ◽

Christian Ure ◽

Gert Apich ◽

Paul Simon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Therapy ◽

Lymphatic System ◽

Orthostatic Intolerance ◽

Hemodynamic Responses ◽

Stand Test ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Complete Decongestive Therapy ◽

Before And After ◽

Baseline Values

Background: Lymphedema arises due to a malfunction of the lymphatic system, leading to extensive tissue swelling. Complete decongestive therapy (CDT), which is a physical therapy lasting for 3 weeks and includes manual lymphatic drainages (MLD), leads to fluid mobilization and increases in plasma volume. Here, we investigated hemodynamic responses induced by these fluid shifts due to CDT and MLD. Methods: Hemodynamic parameters were assessed continuously during a sit-to-stand test (5 min baseline, 5 min of standing, and 5 min of recovery). This intervention was repeated on days 1, 2, 7, 14, and 21 of CDT, before and after MLD. Volume regulatory hormones were assessed in plasma samples. Results: A total number of 13 patients took part in this investigation. Resting diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased over three weeks of CDT (p = 0.048). No changes in baseline values were shown due to MLD. However, MLD led to a significant decrease in heart rate during orthostatic loading over all epochs on therapy day 14, as well as day 21. Volume regulatory hormones did not show changes over lymphedema therapy. Conclusion: We did not observe any signs of orthostatic hypotension at rest, as well as during to CDT, indicating that lymphedema patients do not display an elevated risk of orthostatic intolerance. Although baseline hemodynamics were not affected, MLD has shown to have potential beneficial effects on hemodynamic responses to a sit-to-stand test in patients undergoing lymphedema therapy.

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Is the 1-Minute Sit-To-Stand Test a Good Tool to Evaluate Exertional Oxygen Desaturation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11020159 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 159

Author(s):

Ana L. Fernandes ◽

Inês Neves ◽

Graciete Luís ◽

Zita Camilo ◽

Bruno Cabrita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Oxygen Desaturation ◽

Walking Distance ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Stand Test ◽

Sit To Stand

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is frequently associated with exertional oxygen desaturation, which may be evaluated using the 6-minute walking test (6MWT). However, it is a time-consuming test. The 1-minute sit-to-stand test (1STST) is a simpler test, already used to evaluate the functional status. The aim of this study was to compare the 1STST to the 6MWT in the evaluation of exertional desaturation. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including 30 stable COPD patients who performed the 6MWT and 1STST on the same day. Six-minute walking distance (6MWD), number of 1STST repetitions (1STSTr), and cardiorespiratory parameters were recorded. Results: A significant correlation was found between the 6MWD and the number of 1STSTr (r = 0.54; p = 0.002). The minimum oxygen saturation (SpO2) in both tests showed a good agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.81) and correlated strongly (r = 0.84; p < 0.001). Regarding oxygen desaturation, the total agreement between the tests was 73.3% with a fair Cohen’s kappa (κ = 0.38; p = 0.018), and 93.33% of observations were within the limits of agreement for both tests in the Bland–Altman analysis. Conclusion: The 1STST seems to be a capable tool of detecting exercise-induced oxygen desaturation in COPD. Because it is a less time- and resources-consuming test, it may be applied during the outpatient clinic consultation to regularly evaluate the exercise capacity and exertional desaturation in COPD.

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