Jasmonic acid-induced resistance to the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, in conventional and transgenic cottons expressing Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins

Novel vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vips) identified in the supernatant of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) cultures have shown to provide adequate control over a wide spectrum of economically important crop pests. To evaluate the potential applicability of these proteins against fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith) larvae, the most important insect pest for tropical maize, the characteristics and mortality effects of culture supernatants from five B.t. strains were investigated. Striking differences among strains were detected, not only in terms of efficiency in killing the insect, but also regarding to mortality effects of heated and non-heated supernatants, which were used to distinguish the heat-sensitive protein-derived insecticidal fraction from a thermostable one, with a non-protein nature (b-exotoxinas). The qualitative, quantitative and temporal patterns of total protein secretion in the medium (supernatant) were assessed through spectrophotometry and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The strains showed remarkably distinct rates of growth and timing for protein secretion relative to cell density in culture. Moreover, the electrophoretic-banding patterns also varied in a strain-specific manner, both in denaturing and non denaturing conditions. Polypeptides displaying a molecular weight that is very close to the expected for previously identified Vip3A proteins were found for the strains with high supernatant-mortality ratios. The data suggest the feasibility and usefulness of searching for protein-derived (Vip-like) insecticidal fractions in B.t. supernatants as a mean of developing especific and efficient alternatives of biological control to be employed in integrated pest management programs of S. frugiperda in tropical maize.

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Field Resistance of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner Transformed Maize to Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Southwestern Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Leaf Feeding

Journal of Entomological Science ◽

10.18474/0749-8004-39.3.325 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 325-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Craig A. Abel ◽

Melanie C. Pollan

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Fall Armyworm ◽

Field Resistance ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Insecticidal Proteins ◽

Corn Borer ◽

Field Efficacy ◽

Southwestern Corn Borer ◽

Hybrid Maize

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), and the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella (Dyar), can cause economic damage to maize, Zea mays L., grown in the southeastern United States. Maize hybrids are commercially available that have been transformed to express insecticidal crystalline proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner. The field efficacy of seven Bt hybrids were tested for control of leaf-feeding fall armyworm and southwestern corn borer. All Bt hybrids performed better than their conventional near-isolines for control of both insects. In general, the Bt hybrids provided intermediate resistance to the fall armyworm and near immunity to the southwestern corn borer. Based on larval establishment and weights, the fall armyworm was more tolerant of the insecticidal proteins expressed by the Bt hybrids than the southwestern corn borer. There was no difference in expression of insecticidal proteins among the Bt hybrids. Bt hybrids should be advantageous for the production of maize in areas that are affected by southwestern corn borer. The moderate level of resistance in the Bt hybrids to fall armyworm should be further examined to determine if amplifying the expression of insecticidal proteins or integrating other control methods along with the use of current Bt hybrid maize is needed to protect the crop from yield reduction by this pest.

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Biorational management of maize fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) using Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) enriched with chemical additives

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v13i4.2999 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1231-1237

Author(s):

M. Priyanka ◽

P. Yasodha ◽

C.Gailce Leo Justin ◽

J. Ejilane ◽

Venugopal Rajanbabu

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Boric Acid ◽

Sodium Nitrate ◽

Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Fall Armyworm ◽

Invasive Pest ◽

Chemical Additives ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae

An invasive pest, fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) attacks maize at every stage of development, from seedling emergence up to cob formation. Early instar larvae were seen mostly on leaves of maize with characteristics pin or shot hole symptoms. Later instar larvae were confined to deep whorls, leaving typically ragged like appearance and fed on the reproductive stage of the crop especially tassels and developing cobs resulting in quality and quantity loss of maize produce. The effect of commercially available Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki product, Dipel® against the second instar larvae of Fall Armyworm (FAW )was not promising under laboratory conditions. Hence, an effort was made to add an adjuvant along with B. thuringiensis to increase the virulence of commercially available B. thuringiensis.The Laboratory bioassays with B. thuringiensis and seven chemical additives ( T1- Bt + Boric acid, T2- Bt + Zinc oxide, T3- Bt + Sodium nitrate, T4- Bt + Peptone, T5- Bt + Urea, T6- Bt + EDTA, T7- Bt + Citric acid & T8- Bt alone T9- Control) were tested against second instar larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae. The results showed that B. thuringiensis plus sodium nitrate (T3) promoted maximum mortality 82.2 per cent with a minimum LC50 value of 54.620 mg/l. Sodium nitrate boosted B. thuringiensis activity at a concentration of 0.05 per cent by 2.128-fold than B. thuringiensis alone. Overall, sodium nitrate improved the efficacy of B. thuringiensis spray at the maximum level followed by boric acid, urea, EDTA and peptone.

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Bacillus thuringiensisCry1Da_7 and Cry1B.868 Protein Interactions with Novel Receptors Allow Control of Resistant Fall Armyworms,Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E. Smith)

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00579-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 85 (16) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yanfei Wang ◽

Jinling Wang ◽

Xiaoran Fu ◽

Jeffrey R. Nageotte ◽

Jennifer Silverman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Protein Interactions ◽

Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽

Insect Cells ◽

Fall Armyworm ◽

Insecticidal Protein ◽

Row Crops ◽

Content Type ◽

Resistance Risk ◽

Important Pest

ABSTRACTTwo new modifiedBacillus thuringiensis(Bt) proteins, Cry1Da_7 and Cry1B.868, with activity against fall armyworms (FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E. Smith), were evaluated for their potential to bind new insect receptors compared to proteins currently deployed as plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs) in row crops. Results from resistant insect bioassays, disabled insecticidal protein (DIP) bioassays, and cell-based assays using insect cells expressing individual receptors demonstrate that receptor utilizations of the newly modified Cry1Da_7 and Cry1B.868 proteins are distinct from each other and from those of commercially availableBtproteins such as Cry1F, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, and Vip3A. Accordingly, these two proteins target different insect proteins in FAW midgut cells and when pyramided together should provide durability in the field against this economically important pest.IMPORTANCEThere is increased concern with the development of resistance to insecticidal proteins currently expressed in crop plants, especially against high-resistance-risk pests such as fall armyworm (FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda, a maize pest that already has developed resistance toBacillus thuringiensis(Bt) proteins such as Cry1F. Lepidopteran-specific proteins that bind new insect receptors will be critical in managing current Cry1F-resistant FAW and delaying future resistance development. Results from resistant insect assays, disabled insecticidal protein (DIP) bioassays, and cell-based assays using insect cells expressing individual receptors demonstrate that target receptors of the Cry1Da_7 and Cry1B.868 proteins are different from each other and from those of commercially availableBtproteins such as Cry1F, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, and Vip3A. Therefore, pyramiding these two new proteins in maize will provide durable control of this economically important pest in production agriculture.

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Survivorship and development of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on conventional and transgenic maize cultivars expressing Bacillus thuringiensis Cry9C and Cry1A(b) endotoxins

International Journal of Pest Management ◽

10.1080/0967087031000085024 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 169-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Aimé Bokonon-ganta ◽

J. S. Bernal ◽

P. V. Pietrantonio ◽

M. Sétamou

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽

Fall Armyworm ◽

Transgenic Maize ◽

Maize Cultivars ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae

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Jasmonic acid-induced resistance to fall armyworm in soybeans: variation among genotypes and tradeoffs with constitutive resistance

Basic and Applied Ecology ◽

10.1016/j.baae.2021.06.009 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Srinivas K. Lanka ◽

Bret D. Elderd ◽

Jeffrey A. Davis ◽

Michael J. Stout

Keyword(s):

Jasmonic Acid ◽

Induced Resistance ◽

Fall Armyworm ◽

Constitutive Resistance

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Assessment of Silicon- and Mycorrhizae- Mediated Constitutive and Induced Systemic Resistance in Rice, Oryza sativa L., against the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10102126 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2126

Author(s):

Santhi Bhavanam ◽

Michael J. Stout

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Induced Resistance ◽

Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽

Induced Systemic Resistance ◽

Plant Defenses ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Fall Armyworm ◽

Systemic Resistance ◽

Weight Gains ◽

Induce Resistance

Induced resistance provides protection in plants against insect herbivores. Silicon and mycorrhizae often prime plant defenses and thereby enhance plant resistance against herbivores. In rice, Oryza sativa L., insect injury has been shown to induce resistance against future defoliators. However, it is unknown if silicon and mycorrhizae treatments in combination with insect injury result in greater induced resistance. Using the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, two experiments were conducted to investigate whether (1) silicon or mycorrhizae treatment alters resistance in rice and (2) induced systemic resistance in response to insect injury is augmented in silicon- or mycorrhizae- treated plants. In the first experiment, silicon treatment reduced FAW growth by 20% while mycorrhizae increased FAW growth by 8%. In the second experiment, insect injury induced systemic resistance, resulting in a 23% reduction in FAW larval weight gains on injured compared to uninjured plants, irrespective of treatment. Neither silicon nor mycorrhizae enhanced this systemic resistance in insect-injured plants. Furthermore, mycorrhizae resulted in the systemic increase of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities, and injury caused a slight decrease in these enzyme activities in mycorrhizae plants. Silicon treatment did not result in a stronger induction of POD and PPO activity in injured plants. Taken together, these results indicate a lack of silicon and mycorrhizae priming of plant defenses in rice. Regardless of injury, silicon reduced FAW weight gains by 36%. Based on these results, it appears silicon-mediated biomechanical rather than biochemical defenses may play a greater role in increased resistance against FAW in rice.

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Efecto de la aplicación de Bacillus thuringiensis en el control del gusano cogollero (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) del híbrido de Maíz (Zea mays) INIAP H-551 en la comuna Río Verde provincia de Santa Elena

Revista Científica y Tecnológica UPSE ◽

10.26423/rctu.v5i1.312 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 47-56

Author(s):

Andres Drouet Candell

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽

Fall Armyworm ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Harmful Substances ◽

Santa Elena ◽

Absolute Control ◽

Different Doses

El maíz es uno de los principales cultivos que se siembra en el litoral ecuatoriano, atacado fundamentalmente por Spodoptera frugiperda. Por lo que esta investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) en el control del gusano cogollero (Spodoptera frugiperda) del híbrido de maíz (Zea mays) INIAP H-551 en la comuna Río Verde provincia de Santa Elena. Se realizó una investigación aplicada y experimental, en la que se estudiaron dos variables: el efecto del BT sobre el cogollero y la población del cogollero en el cultivo de maíz. Se establecieron siete tratamientos, con cinco dosis diferentes de BT, las dosis fueron comparadas con dos tratamientos, uno químico y el tratamiento testigo. Se demostró que el testigo absoluto fue el tratamiento más atacado y que las aplicaciones de BT y de cipermetrina no permitieron que se llegara al umbral de daño económico del cultivo. Se recomienda emplear el BT como una alternativa tecnológica limpia para el control del gusano cogollero, con el fin de disminuir la contaminación de los suelos y las aguas, así como evitar que se introduzcan sustancias nocivas en la cadena alimenticia. ABSTRACT Corn is a major crop that is planted in the Ecuadorian coastline, primarily attacked by Spodoptera frugiperda. So, this research aims to evaluate the effect of the application of Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) in controlling fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) of hybrid corn (Zea mays) INIAP H-551 in Rio Verde commune province of Santa Elena. An applied and experimental research was conducted in which two variables were studied: the effect on BT armyworm and fall armyworm population in maize. Seven treatments were established with five different doses of BT, doses were compared with two treatments, one chemical and the control treatment. It was demonstrated that the absolute control was the most targeted treatment and applications of BT and cypermethrin did not allow it reached the threshold of economic damage to the crop. It is recommended to use BT technology as a clean alternative for armyworm control in order to reduce contamination of soil and water, as well as prevent harmful substances entering the food chain.

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