Mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and caries experience in 12-year-old Icelandic urban children, 1984 and 1991

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Kohler ◽  
Sibilla Bjarnason ◽  
Stefan Y. Finnbogason ◽  
W. Peter Holbrook
Keyword(s):  
Urban Children ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Old Icelandic

Mutans Streptococci and Dental Caries: A New Statistical Modeling Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq S. Ghazal ◽  
Steven M. Levy ◽  
Noel K. Childers ◽  
Knute D. Carter ◽  
Daniel J. Caplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Hazard Modeling ◽  
Initial Caries

Survival analyses have been used to overcome some of the limitations encountered with other statistical analyses. Although extended Cox hazard modeling with time-dependent variables has been utilized in several medical studies, it has never been utilized in assessing the complex relationship between mutans streptococci (MS) acquisition (time-dependent covariate) and time to having dental caries (outcome). This study involved secondary analyses of data from a prospective study conducted at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Low socioeconomic status, African-American preschool children from Perry County, AL, USA (n = 95) had dental examinations at age 1 year and annually thereafter until age 6 years by three calibrated dentists. Salivary MS tests were done at ages 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, and 4 years. The patterns of and relationship between initial MS detection (time-dependent covariate) and dental caries experience occurrence were assessed, using extended Cox hazard modeling. The median time without MS acquisition (50% of the children not having positive MS test) was 2 years. Approximately 79% of the children had positive salivary MS tests by the age of 4 years. The median caries experience survival (50% of the children not having dental caries) was 4 years. During the follow-up period, 65 of the children (68.4%) had their initial primary caries experience. Results of the extended Cox hazard modeling showed a significant overall/global relationship between initial caries experience event at any given time during the follow-up period and having a positive salivary MS test at any time during the follow-up period (hazard ratio = 2.25, 95% CI 1.06-4.75). In conclusion, the extended Cox modeling was used for the first time and its results showed a significant global/overall relationship between MS acquisition and dental caries. Further research using causal mediation analysis with survival data is necessary, where the mediator “presence of MS” is treated as a time-dependent variable.

Bacterial, behavioral and environmental factors associated with early childhood caries

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Ramos-Gomez ◽  
Jane Weintraub ◽  
Stuart Gansky ◽  
Charles Hoover ◽  
John Featherstone
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Caries

The goals of this cross-sectional study were to characterize and compare demographic, behavioral, and environmental factors potentially associated with early childhood caries (ECC) and to assess salivary levels of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB) in underserved, predominantly Hispanic children. One hundred forty-six children aged 3 to 55 months with a range of caries experience were identified and examined. ECC was primarily associated with the presence of MS and lack of access to dental care. Salivary MS levels among young children with ECC were higher than would be expected in a dentally healthy population, but lower than levels reported among older children at high risk for caries.After adjustment for age, children with log10 MS ≥ 3.0 or log10 LB ≥ 1.5 were about five times as likely (OR=4.9, 95%CI=2.0,12.0) to have ECC than those with lower bacterial levels. This study demonstrated a significant association between relatively low cariogenic bacterial levels and dental caries in infants and toddlers. Antibiotic use, exposure to lead, and anemia were not significantly associated with the number of decayed and filled surfaces or decayed and filled teeth. ECC correlated significantly with child's age and lack of dental insurance of the children, as well as inversely with both family income and the educational level of the mother of the child.

Sugar consumption and caries experience in 12- and 13-year-old Icelandic children

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibilla Bjarnason ◽  
Stefán Y. Finnbogason ◽  
Jörgen G. Norén
Keyword(s):  
Caries Experience ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Old Icelandic

Association of the Microbial Flora of Dental Plaque and Saliva with Human Root-surface Caries

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1463-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Van Houte ◽  
H.V. Jordan ◽  
R. Laraway ◽  
R. Kent ◽  
P.M. Soparkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Group I ◽  
Actinomyces Species ◽  
Streptococcal Species ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Root Surface Caries ◽  
Root Surfaces

Dental plaque was obtained from one or two sound root surfaces of subjects with different degrees of root-surface caries experience. From subjects with root-surface caries, plaque samples were also obtained from either one incipient or one more advanced lesion. Proportions of the total flora were determined for total streptococci and different streptococcal species, total and different Actinomyces species, and lactobacilli. A sample of saliva was obtained from about one-third of the subjects for determination of the concentrations of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. The main observations were: (1) Subjects without root-surface caries or restorations (group I), as compared with subjects with root-surface caries with or without restorations (group II), were characterized by having a lower prevalence and proportion of mutans streptococci and a higher prevalence and proportion of A. naeslundii in plaque on sound root surfaces; (2) subjects in group I also tended to have a lower salivary concentration of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli than subjects in group II; (3) dental plaque on sound surfaces in group II subjects contained a lower proportion of mutans streptococci than plaque associated with incipient or advanced lesions; and (4) the prevalence and proportion of lactobacilli in plaque associated with sound as well as carious root surfaces were very low. The data reinforce findings from other studies and indicate that, as for coronal caries, the plaque and saliva populations of mutans streptococci specifically are correlated positively with the presence of root-surface caries.

scholarly journals Dental Caries and its Socio-Behavioral Predictors– An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santhosh Kumar ◽  
Jyothi Tadakamadla ◽  
Prabu Duraiswamy ◽  
Suhas Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
School Children ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Oral Health Knowledge ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Health Related

Objectives: To assess dental caries status and oral health related behavior of 12 year old school children in relation to urbanization and gender; to analyze the effect of socio-demographic and behavioral variables on dental caries experience. Study design: Study sample comprised 831, 12 year old school children in, India. Caries status was assessed by Decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index and a 16 item closed ended questionnaire was administered to children for assessing their oral health related knowledge, beliefs and behavior. Results: Mean caries experience and prevalence was 1.94 and 64.9% respectively. Decay was the dominant component of DMFT. Greater proportion of female and urban children presented better oral health knowledge, beliefs and practices. Boys were more liable (OR=1.2, 95% CI=1.10–1.96) for having caries than girls. Children living in rural areas and whose parents were not professionals or semiprofessionals were more likely to experience caries. Children whose mothers were unskilled or house wives were more than twice likely to present caries (OR=2.14, 95% CI-2.03–2.45) than those children whose mothers were skilled or semi-skilled. Children of illiterate fathers and mothers were 1.09 (95% CI, 1.02–1.49) and 1.98 (95% CI, 1.13–1.99) times more likely to have dental caries than those children whose parents had greater than 10 years of education. Children, those who cleaned their teeth less than once a day presented an odds ratio of 1.36 (CI-1.17–1.86) also higher odds of dental caries was observed in children consuming sweets or soft drinks more than once a day. Conclusions: The prevalence and severity of dental caries was low among urban children and girls than their rural and boy counterparts. In general, oral health knowledge, beliefs and practices were low, predominantly in rural and male children. Caries experience was significantly associated with gender, location of residence, brushing frequency, frequency of consumption of soft drinks and sweets, parents' occupation and education.

Relationship between Severe Early Childhood Caries, Mother's Oral Health and Mutans Streptococci in a Low-Income Group: Changes from 1996 to 2007

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. Esther Irigoyen Camacho ◽  
Leonor Sánchez Pérez ◽  
Álvaro García Pérez ◽  
Marco Antonio Zepeda Zepeda
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

The relationship between dental caries and mutans streptococci (ms) in children and their mothers is a key factor in the prevention of early childhood caries. Changes in early childhood caries over time in Mexican children have not been well documented. Objective: to compare the dental caries indices and presence of ms in 3- to 5-year-old children and their mothers in two surveys, the first one carried out in 1996 and the second one in 2007. Study design: cross-sectional study. Results: The first survey included 102 mother-child dyads and the second 103. Dental caries index dmfs was 7.17 (± 10.9) and 4.58 (± 7.1) in the first and second survey, respectively (p<0.05). Ms levels were higher in 1996 than in 2007 (p<0.001). The prevalence of Severe Early Childhood Caries (SECC) was 42.2% and 34.95% in first and second surveys, respectively,(p>0.05). Children with SECC showed higher counts of ms than children without this condition. A high caries index in mothers was associated with higher caries experience in their children. Conclusion: the compassions of the surveys indicated a decline in dental caries indices over an 11-year period. High caries experience in the mother had a negative impact on the oral condition of the child.

Indicators of Risk for Dental Caries in Children: A Holistic Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fernando ◽  
S.K. Tadakamadla ◽  
M. Bakr ◽  
P.A. Scuffham ◽  
N.W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Annual Household Income

Background Dental caries in children is a major public health problem worldwide, with a multitude of determinants acting upon children to different degrees in different communities. The objective of this study was to determine maternal, environmental, and intraoral indicators of dental caries experience in a sample of 6- to 7-y-old children in South East Queensland, Australia. Methods: A total of 174 mother-child dyads were recruited for this cross-sectional study from the Griffith University Environments for Healthy Living birth cohort study. Maternal education, employment status, and prepregnancy body mass index were maternal indicators, and annual household income was taken as a proxy for environmental indicators. These were collected as baseline data of the study. Clinical data on children’s dental caries experience, saliva characteristics of buffering capacity, stimulated flow rate, and colony-forming units per milliliter of salivary mutans streptococci were collected for the oral health substudy. Univariate analysis was performed with 1-way analysis of variance and chi-square tests. Caries experience was the outcome, which was classified into 4 categories based on the number of carious tooth surfaces. Ordinal logistic regression was used to explore the association of risk indicators with caries experience. Results: Age ( P = 0.021), low salivary buffering capacity ( P = 0.001), reduced levels of salivary flow rate ( P = 0.011), past caries experience ( P = 0.001), low annual household income; <$30,000 (P = 0.050) and <$60,000 (P = 0.033) and maternal employment status ( P = 0.043) were associated with high levels of dental caries. Conclusion These data support the evidence of associations between maternal, environmental, and children’s intraoral characteristics and caries experience among children in a typical Western industrialized country. All of these need to be considered in preventative strategies within families and communities. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study can be used by clinicians, epidemiologists, and policy makers to identify children who are at risk of developing dental caries. With consideration of costs for treatment for the disease, this information could be used to plan cost-effective and patient-centered preventive care.

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