Mutans Streptococci and Dental Caries: A New Statistical Modeling Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq S. Ghazal ◽  
Steven M. Levy ◽  
Noel K. Childers ◽  
Knute D. Carter ◽  
Daniel J. Caplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Hazard Modeling ◽  
Initial Caries

Survival analyses have been used to overcome some of the limitations encountered with other statistical analyses. Although extended Cox hazard modeling with time-dependent variables has been utilized in several medical studies, it has never been utilized in assessing the complex relationship between mutans streptococci (MS) acquisition (time-dependent covariate) and time to having dental caries (outcome). This study involved secondary analyses of data from a prospective study conducted at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Low socioeconomic status, African-American preschool children from Perry County, AL, USA (n = 95) had dental examinations at age 1 year and annually thereafter until age 6 years by three calibrated dentists. Salivary MS tests were done at ages 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, and 4 years. The patterns of and relationship between initial MS detection (time-dependent covariate) and dental caries experience occurrence were assessed, using extended Cox hazard modeling. The median time without MS acquisition (50% of the children not having positive MS test) was 2 years. Approximately 79% of the children had positive salivary MS tests by the age of 4 years. The median caries experience survival (50% of the children not having dental caries) was 4 years. During the follow-up period, 65 of the children (68.4%) had their initial primary caries experience. Results of the extended Cox hazard modeling showed a significant overall/global relationship between initial caries experience event at any given time during the follow-up period and having a positive salivary MS test at any time during the follow-up period (hazard ratio = 2.25, 95% CI 1.06-4.75). In conclusion, the extended Cox modeling was used for the first time and its results showed a significant global/overall relationship between MS acquisition and dental caries. Further research using causal mediation analysis with survival data is necessary, where the mediator “presence of MS” is treated as a time-dependent variable.

Presence of Initial Caries Lesions as a Risk Factor for Caries in Preschool Children: A Cohort Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 32-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata S. Guedes ◽  
Chaiana Piovesan ◽  
Thiago M. Ardenghi ◽  
Bruno Emmanuelli ◽  
Mariana M. Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Initial Caries ◽  
Caries Increment ◽  
Socioeconomic Data ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Initial Lesions

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of initial noncavitated caries lesions on cavitated caries increment in preschool children. A 2-year cohort study was designed to include the participants of a survey on dental caries performed in 2010. Preschool children (12-59 months old) were examined for dental caries and classified as children with no caries lesions, with only initial lesions, with at least 1 moderate caries lesion, and with extensive lesions. Socioeconomic data were also collected. After 2 years, 466 children were re-examined (follow-up rate of 72.9%) only for cavitated lesions. Association between caries incidence at 2 levels of severity and caries experience and other variables was evaluated using hierarchical Poisson regression analysis. The children with moderate and extensive caries lesions at baseline presented a higher risk of presenting both outcomes than the children with no caries lesions. Nevertheless, the children with only initial lesions had a higher risk of developing at least 1 new cavitated carious lesion, but not for a more severe increment in caries. Subgroup analysis stratified by the children's age showed that the influence of the presence of initial caries lesions on cavitated caries increment was only observed in children aged 12-35 months. In conclusion, although the presence of moderate and extensive lesions at baseline is a significant predictor for cavitated caries increment after 2 years in preschool children at all ages, the presence of only initial caries lesions is also associated, but with less severe caries incidence.

scholarly journals The Association between Sense of Coherence and Dental Caries in Low Social Status Schoolchildren

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Tomazoni ◽  
Mario Vianna Vettore ◽  
Fausto Medeiros Mendes ◽  
Thiago Machado Ardenghi
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Psychosocial Factor ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Southern City

The relationship between dental caries and sense of coherence (SOC) has not been substantiated in children and adolescents, particularly among those with a low socioeconomic status. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between SOC and dental caries in schoolchildren from a low socioeconomic background. A random sample of 356 8- to 14-year-old schoolchildren enrolled in public schools from the poorest region of Santa Maria, a southern city in Brazil, was selected. Dental examinations were performed to assess dental plaque and dental caries (DMF-S and dmf-s indexes). The children’s SOC was assessed using a validated Brazilian version of the SOC-13 scale. Socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral data were collected from parents using a questionnaire. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis was used following a hierarchical approach to investigate the association between the SOC and DMF-T + dmf-t mean. Children whose mothers had studied for 8 years or less (RR 1.30; 95% CI 1.08–1.57) and children with dental plaque (RR 1.29; 95% CI 1.06–1.58) presented with higher DMF-T scores than their counterparts (p < 0.05). A higher household income (RR 0.66; 95% CI 0.51–0.84) and greater SOC scores (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.56–0.90) were associated with lower DMF-T in children (p < 0.05). Children’s SOC seems to be a relevant protective psychosocial factor for dental caries experience in socially vulnerable children.

Microbial Profile and Dental Caries in Cleft Lip and Palate Babies Between 0 and 3 Years Old

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Müesser Ahu Durhan ◽  
Nursen Topcuoglu ◽  
Guven Kulekci ◽  
Ege Ozgentas ◽  
Ilknur Tanboga
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Primary Tooth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Caries ◽  
Cleft Lip Palate

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the microbiological changes in newborn babies with cleft lip palate from birth up to age 3 and to correlate them with their caries levels and mothers’ microbiological data and to compare with normal infants. Basic Research Design: Prospective. Settings: Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Pediatric Dentistry Clinic, and Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Research Hospital New Born Clinic. Patients/Participants: Cleft lip palate (n = 21) and healthy (n = 13) newborns and their mothers. Material and Methods: Intraoral samples were taken from babies in each group at least 3 times over the 3 years. Saliva samples of the mothers were collected just after the birth of the babies and examined microbiologically. Dental caries was noted as either present or absent. Results: The most frequent microorganisms were candida, found at birth (n = 9, 42%) in cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP±L) group. The number of babies infected with Lactobacilli were found to be significantly higher in the CP±L group than in the control group at birth ( P = .029) and after eruption of the first primary tooth ( P = .030). Mutans Streptococci were found in 10% of babies with CP±L at birth. Initial caries was identified in 20% of the babies with an oral cleft compared with 0% of the controls after eruption of the first primary incisors. Conclusion: The results show that the CP±L babies must be considered as a group with an increased caries risk.

Sweet Taste Perception and Dental Caries in 13- to 15-Year-Olds: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ashi ◽  
C. Lara-Capi ◽  
G. Campus ◽  
G. Klingberg ◽  
P. Lingström
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Initial Caries ◽  
Significant Difference

Dietary habits and, in particular, the intake frequency of sucrose are of major importance for the development of dental caries. The perception of sweet taste is believed to have an influence on sucrose intake and therefore affects the predisposition to dental caries. The aim was to study the caries experience and sweet taste perception and to further analyze the possible relationship between the 2 tested variables in 13- to 15-year-old children from 3 different geographical areas. A cross-sectional survey comprising 669 children (220 Italian, 224 Mexican, and 225 Saudi Arabian) was conducted. The children were examined in their school setting. A sweet taste perception level was determined by the sweet taste threshold (TT) and sweet taste preference (TP). The sweet test was performed with sucrose solutions varying in concentration from 1.63 to 821.52 g/L. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and DMFS indices were used to diagnose caries. The highest mean value for TT was found for Italian children followed by Saudi and Mexican. Saudi schoolchildren showed the highest mean values for TP and DMFS, followed by Italian and Mexican. A statistically significant difference for TP, TT, DMFS, and initial caries was found between the 3 countries. A weak yet positive correlation was found between taste perception (TT and TP) versus DMFS and manifest caries in all 3 countries (r = 0.137-0.313). The findings of the present study showed a variation in sweet taste perception between the 3 countries, which may influence the caries outcome of the children in the individual countries.

Relationship between Severe Early Childhood Caries, Mother's Oral Health and Mutans Streptococci in a Low-Income Group: Changes from 1996 to 2007

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. Esther Irigoyen Camacho ◽  
Leonor Sánchez Pérez ◽  
Álvaro García Pérez ◽  
Marco Antonio Zepeda Zepeda
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

The relationship between dental caries and mutans streptococci (ms) in children and their mothers is a key factor in the prevention of early childhood caries. Changes in early childhood caries over time in Mexican children have not been well documented. Objective: to compare the dental caries indices and presence of ms in 3- to 5-year-old children and their mothers in two surveys, the first one carried out in 1996 and the second one in 2007. Study design: cross-sectional study. Results: The first survey included 102 mother-child dyads and the second 103. Dental caries index dmfs was 7.17 (± 10.9) and 4.58 (± 7.1) in the first and second survey, respectively (p&lt;0.05). Ms levels were higher in 1996 than in 2007 (p&lt;0.001). The prevalence of Severe Early Childhood Caries (SECC) was 42.2% and 34.95% in first and second surveys, respectively,(p&gt;0.05). Children with SECC showed higher counts of ms than children without this condition. A high caries index in mothers was associated with higher caries experience in their children. Conclusion: the compassions of the surveys indicated a decline in dental caries indices over an 11-year period. High caries experience in the mother had a negative impact on the oral condition of the child.

Indicators of Risk for Dental Caries in Children: A Holistic Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fernando ◽  
S.K. Tadakamadla ◽  
M. Bakr ◽  
P.A. Scuffham ◽  
N.W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Annual Household Income

Background Dental caries in children is a major public health problem worldwide, with a multitude of determinants acting upon children to different degrees in different communities. The objective of this study was to determine maternal, environmental, and intraoral indicators of dental caries experience in a sample of 6- to 7-y-old children in South East Queensland, Australia. Methods: A total of 174 mother-child dyads were recruited for this cross-sectional study from the Griffith University Environments for Healthy Living birth cohort study. Maternal education, employment status, and prepregnancy body mass index were maternal indicators, and annual household income was taken as a proxy for environmental indicators. These were collected as baseline data of the study. Clinical data on children’s dental caries experience, saliva characteristics of buffering capacity, stimulated flow rate, and colony-forming units per milliliter of salivary mutans streptococci were collected for the oral health substudy. Univariate analysis was performed with 1-way analysis of variance and chi-square tests. Caries experience was the outcome, which was classified into 4 categories based on the number of carious tooth surfaces. Ordinal logistic regression was used to explore the association of risk indicators with caries experience. Results: Age ( P = 0.021), low salivary buffering capacity ( P = 0.001), reduced levels of salivary flow rate ( P = 0.011), past caries experience ( P = 0.001), low annual household income; <$30,000 (P = 0.050) and <$60,000 (P = 0.033) and maternal employment status ( P = 0.043) were associated with high levels of dental caries. Conclusion These data support the evidence of associations between maternal, environmental, and children’s intraoral characteristics and caries experience among children in a typical Western industrialized country. All of these need to be considered in preventative strategies within families and communities. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study can be used by clinicians, epidemiologists, and policy makers to identify children who are at risk of developing dental caries. With consideration of costs for treatment for the disease, this information could be used to plan cost-effective and patient-centered preventive care.

scholarly journals Complicações associadas a restaurações realizadas em áreas de contato interproximal

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandson Cleyton Ferreira da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Rauhan Gomes de Queiroz ◽  
Basilio Rodrigues Vieira ◽  
Elizandra Silva Penha ◽  
Luanna Abílio Diniz Melquíades de Madeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Composite Restorations ◽  
Postural Changes

Introdução: Diversas complicações estão associadas a restaurações realizadas em áreas de contato interproximal levando a tratamentos restauradores insatisfatórios, que poderão acarretar o surgimento de diversas complicações, desde retenção alimentar até formação de bolsas periodontais com perda óssea. Objetivo: Avaliar na literatura quais as principais complicações associadas a restaurações realizadas em áreas de contato interproximal. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma pesquisa de trabalhos nas seguintes bases de dados eletrônica: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Biblioteca Eletrônica Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), PubMed e Bibliografia Brasileira de Odontologia (BBO), entre os anos de 2000 a 2018. Resultados: A busca das bases de dados eletrônicas recuperou 97 artigos. Após a leitura do título e resumo, leitura na íntegra e aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão foi selecionado um total de 14 estudos. Conclusão: Complicações estão associadas às diferentes etapas do tratamento restaurador interproximal, indo desde o difícil diagnóstico à verificação da adaptação marginal. O estabelecimento de ponto de contato com dispositivos foi a complicação mais encontrada.Descritores: Adaptação Marginal Dentária; Falha de Restauração Dentária; Restauração Dentária Permanente.ReferênciasFejerskov O, Nyvad B, Kidds E. Dental caries: the disease and its clinical management. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2015.Hopcraft MS, Morgan MV. Pattern of dental caries experience on tooth surfaces in an adult population. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2006;34(3):174–83.Skold UM. On caries prevalence and schoo-based fluoride programmes in Swedish adolescente. Swed Dent J Suppl. 2005;1(178):11-75.Scholtanus JD, Özcan M. Clinical longevity of extensive direct composite restorations in amalgam replacement: up to 3.5 years follow-up. J Dent. 2014;42(11):1404-10.Melo P, Manarte P, Domingues J, Coelho S, Teixeira L. Técnica para obtenção do ponto de contacto em restaurações de classe II com compósito. Rev Fac Ciênc Sáude. 2005;2(1):63-72.Santos MJMC. A restorative approach for class ii resin composite restorations: a two-year follow-up. Oper Dent. 2015;40(1):19-24.Dörfer CE, von Bethlenfalvy ER, Staehle HJ, Pioch T. Factors influencing proximal dental contact strengths. Eur J Oral Sci. 2000;108(5):368-77.Loomans BAC, Opdam NJM, Roeters FJM, Brinkhorst EM, Plasschaert AJM. The long-term effect of a composite resin restoration on proximal contact tightness. J Dent. 2007;35(2):104-08.Cho SD; Browning WD, Walton KS. Clinical use of a sectional matrix and ring. Oper Dent. 2010;35(5):587-91.Meneghel LL, Wang L, Lopes MB, Gonini Junior A.  Interproximal space recovery using an orthodontic elastic separator before prosthetic restoration: a case report. Braz Dent J. 2011;22(1):79-82.Wirsching E, Loomans BAC, Klaiber B, Dörfer CE. Influence of matrix systems on proximal contact tightness of 2-and 3-surface posterior composite restorations in vivo. J Dent. 2011;39(5):386-90.Saber MH, El-Bradawy W, Loomans BAC, Ahamed DR, Dörfer CE, El Zohairy A. Creating tight proximal contacts for MOD resin composite restorations. Oper Dent, 2011;36(3):304-10.Costa TA, Raitz R, Belan LC, Matson MR. Análise do contorno da face proximal obtido em restaurações classe II de resina composta utilizando-se dois tipos diferentes de matrizes metálicas. Rev Odontol Univ São Paulo. 2009;21(1):31-7.Patras M, Doukoudakis S. Class II composite restorations and proximal concavities: clinical implications and management. Oper Dent. 2013;38(2):119-24.Prakki A, Cilli R, Saad JOC; Rodrigues JR. Clinical evaluation of proximal contacts of Class II esthetic direct restorations. Quintessence Int. 2004;35(10):785-89.Kim HS, Na HJ, Kim HJ, Kang DW, Oh SH. Evaluation of proximal contact strength by postural changes. J Adv Prosthodont. 2009;1(3):118-23.El-Shamy H, Saber M, Dörfer CE, El-Bradawy W, Loomans BAC. Influence of volumetric shrinkage and curing light intensity on proximal contact tightness of class II resin composite restorations: in vitro study. Oper Dent. 2012;37(2):205-10.Teich ST, Joseph J, Sartori N, Heima M, Duarte S. Dental floss selection and its impact on evaluation of interproximal contacts in licensure exams. J Dent Educ, 2014;78(6):921-26.Moreira MA, Larentis NL, Arossi GA, Rodruigues ED, Bortoli FR, Haas MF. A radiografia interproximal é necessária para confirmar a adaptação clínica de restaurações proximais com resinas compostas em dentes posteriores? RFO UPF. 2015;20(1):69-74.

Caries Experience of Leukemic Children During Intensive Course of Chemotherapy

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Çiğdem Elbek Çubukçu ◽  
Adalet Meral Günes
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Course Design ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Intensive Therapy ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Primary Molar ◽  
Initial Caries

Objective: To determine the incidence of dental caries in 64 leukemic children who received dental treatment before the initiation of chemotherapy and had intensive oral care during the course. Design: Caries experience (deft/DMFT), white-spot lesions (enamel demineralization), premature primary molar extractions and carious first permanent molars were investigated before and after intensive therapy. Setting: Pediatric Dental Care Unit and Department of Pediatric Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludağ University. Results: The dental caries level was insignificantly higher following chemotherapy compared to the initial caries level. However, the prevalence of white-spot lesions was significantly increased during the course. Caries level in 30 subjects (47%) remained stable. Conclusion: Caries level in leukemic children, who were not caries-free before chemotherapy, could be stabilized by caries prevention methods such as frequent topical fluoride applications and fissure sealants, intensive oral care and improved self-care practices.

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