Size-dependent predator?prey relationships between pikeperch and their prey fish

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dörner ◽  
S. Hülsmann ◽  
F. Hölker ◽  
C. Skov ◽  
A. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Prey Fish ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Size Dependent

scholarly journals Predator–prey interactions influenced by a dynamic river plume

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 1375-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Phillips ◽  
John K. Horne ◽  
Jeannette E. Zamon
Keyword(s):  
Columbia River ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Center Of Gravity ◽  
River Plume ◽  
Prey Fish ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Marine Predator ◽  
Global Indices ◽  
Common Murre ◽  
Columbia River Plume

Marine predator–prey interactions are often influenced by oceanographic processes that aggregate prey. We examined density distributions of seabirds and prey fish associated with the Columbia River plume to determine whether variation in plume size (i.e., volume or surface area) or location influences predator–prey interactions. Common murre (Uria aalge), sooty shearwater (Ardenna grisea), and forage fish, including northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) and juvenile salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), occurred disproportionately in plume waters relative to adjacent marine waters. Water clarity, an indicator of plume-influenced waters, was a significant predictor of seabird and prey densities throughout the survey area. Murres occurred within 20 km of the plume center of gravity, whereas shearwaters occurred ∼100 km north of the plume center of gravity, concurrent with the highest densities of prey fish. Global indices of collocation were relatively low between murres and prey compared with the high values between shearwaters and prey. Seabird densities were negatively correlated with plume size, suggesting that seabirds concentrate in the plume to maximize foraging effort. We conclude that variation in Columbia River plume size and location influences predator distributions, which increases predation pressure on prey, including threatened salmonid species.

Body size, not other morphological traits, characterizes cascading effects in fish assemblage composition following commercial netting

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2802-2810 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Layman ◽  
R B Langerhans ◽  
K O Winemiller
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Prey Fish ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Assemblage Composition ◽  
Cascading Effects

Traits used to group species and generalize predator–prey interactions can aid in constructing models to assess human impacts on food webs, especially in complex, species-rich systems. Commercial netting has reduced populations of large-bodied piscivores in some lagoons of a Venezuelan floodplain river, and cascading effects result in distinct prey fish communities in netted and unnetted lagoons. In 2002 and 2003, we sampled assemblages of prey fishes in netted and unnetted lagoons and tested whether fish size and (or) other morphological characteristics were associated with differences in assemblage composition. In both years, prey fish assemblages in netted lagoons were dominated numerically by larger species. We used geometric morphometric methods to test for a relationship between species morphological characteristics and found that neither overall morphological ordination nor specific morphological traits could be used to distinguish among assemblages. Thus, size was the only variable that was useful in explaining differences in assemblage composition. Even in this species-rich river with a complex food web, size-structured predator–prey interactions apparently influence community-level patterns and can be used to characterize human impacts.

scholarly journals Thermal asymmetries influence effects of warming on stage and size-dependent predator-prey interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Pepi ◽  
Tracie Hayes ◽  
Kelsey Lyberger
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Impact

AbstractClimate warming directly influences the developmental and feeding rates of organisms. Changes in these rates are likely to have consequences for species interactions, particularly for organisms affected by stage- or size-dependent predation. However, because of differences in species-specific responses to warming, predicting the impact of warming on predator and prey densities can be difficult. We present a general model of stage-dependent predation with temperature-dependent vital rates to explore the effects of warming when predator and prey have different thermal optima. We found that warming generally favored the interactor with the higher thermal optimum. Part of this effect occurred due to the stage-dependent nature of the interaction, and part due to thermal asymmetries. Furthermore, large differences in thermal optima between predators and prey (i.e., a high degree of asymmetry) led to a weaker interaction. Interestingly, below the predator and prey thermal optima, warming caused prey densities to decline, even as increasing temperature improved prey performance. We also parameterize our model using values from a well-studied system, Arctia virginalis and Formica lasioides, in which the predator has a warmer optimum. Overall, our results provide a general framework for understanding stage- and temperature-dependent predator-prey interactions, and illustrate that the thermal niche of both predator and prey are important to consider when predicting the effects of climate warming.

scholarly journals Survival of prey growing through gape-limited and apex predators

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Apex Predators ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Predator Size ◽  
Prey Behavior ◽  
Population Recruitment

ABSTRACTA mechanistic model based on first principles of growth and predator-prey behavior introduces the effects of a predator size distribution on the survival of rapidly growing prey. The model, fit to Chinook salmon data, can explain the observed increase in ocean survival with smolt ocean entrance length using different predator size-frequency distributions. The model introduces new dimensions to theories on predator-prey interactions and population recruitment and suggests the possibility that fish recruitment control can be highly variable; sometimes dominated by juvenile growth and encounters with gape-limited predators and other times dominated by adult encounters with apex predators. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis suggests that scale and otolith circuli spacing are insensitive indicators of size-selective mortality but the profile of adult survival with juvenile length provides information on the balance of size-dependent and size-independent mortality processes.

Effects of Abiotic Disturbance on Coexistence of Predator-Prey Fish Species

Ecology ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1525-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary K. Meffe
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Prey Fish ◽  
Predator Prey

Size-dependent predation in piscivores: interactions between predator foraging and prey avoidance abilities

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1285-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lundvall ◽  
Richard Svanbäck ◽  
Lennart Persson ◽  
Pär Byström
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Prey Refuge ◽  
Eurasian Perch ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Prey Vulnerability ◽  
Perch Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Predator Foraging

Body size is known to play a crucial role in predator-prey interactions. For a given predator size, it has been suggested that prey mortality should be a dome-shaped function dependent on prey body size. In this study, we experimentally tested (i) the suggested mechanisms responsible for the dome-shaped prey vulnerability function and (ii) whether a prey refuge affected the form of this function. As prey, we used young-of-the-year Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis), and as predator, larger Eurasian perch. The prey mortality as a function of prey size was dome shaped for large and medium predators but decreased monotonically with prey size for small predators. Capture success of predators decreased monotonically with increasing prey size and was lower for small predators. In refuge trials, the mortality of prey declined monotonically with prey size for all predator sizes. Refuge use of prey increased with the sizes of both prey and predator. Our results suggest that the hypothesized dome-shaped relationship on prey vulnerability can be altered by the presence of an absolute prey refuge. Our results further suggest that the ability to perform more flexible foraging behaviors is of increasing importance when prey size increases.

The Behavioural Basis of Predator-Prey Size Relationships Between Shrimp (Crangon Crangon) and Juvenile Plaice (Pleuronectes Platessa)

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.N. Gibson ◽  
M.C. Yin ◽  
L. Robb
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Crangon Crangon ◽  
Prey Fish ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Pleuronectes Platessa ◽  
Stomach Volume

The shrimp, Crangon crangon (L.) (Crustacea: Crangonidae), is a significant predator of the smallest sizes of plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L. (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae), during and immediately after the fish settle on sandy beaches when predation rate is strongly dependent on the size of both the predator and the prey. Laboratory experiments showed that this size-dependency is caused principally by the superior escape capabilities of larger fish once captured rather than differences in the ability of different sizes of shrimps to capture their prey. Fish that escape after capture are often wounded and some of these wounds may subsequently be fatal. Many shrimps capture and eat fish that are larger than their stomach volume resulting in long handling times and low prey profitabilities. For all sizes of shrimps used (36–65 mm total length) prey profitability (mg prey ingested min−1) increases with decreasing fish length.

Influence of temperature on size-dependent predation by a fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and a jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) on larval capelin (Mallotus villosus)

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2759-2766 ◽  
Author(s):  
J K Elliott ◽  
W C Leggett
Keyword(s):  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Aurelia Aurita ◽  
Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
Moon Jellyfish ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Capelin Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

We compared the size-dependent mortality patterns of newly emerged larval capelin (Mallotus villosus) at three different temperatures (3, 9, and 15°C) when exposed to predation by threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and moon jellyfish (Aurelia aurita). Controlled experiments were conducted in both microcosms (38 L) and mesocosms (3100 L). Some temperature-related trends were evident in experiments with sticklebacks, but not with jellyfish. Sticklebacks fed selectively on smaller capelin larvae at 15°C, were nonselective at 9°C, and fed on larger larvae at 3°C. There was no prey size selection by A. aurita at any of the temperatures examined. Our findings support the view that the direction and magnitude of size-selective predation vary depending on the predator-prey assemblage and environmental conditions examined.

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