Placental melatonin production and melatonin receptor expression are altered in preeclampsia: new insights into the role of this hormone in pregnancy

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Lanoix ◽  
Pascale Guérin ◽  
Cathy Vaillancourt
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Melatonin Receptor ◽  
Melatonin Production ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals What is the role of melatonin within the anterior pituitary?

2001 ◽  
Vol 170 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Hazlerigg
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Melatonin Receptors ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Pars Tuberalis ◽  
Melatonin Receptor ◽  
Functional Studies

The pineal hormone, melatonin, is uniquely defined by its role as hormonal time, but the processes whereby cells extract temporal information from the melatonin signal are not understood. Melatonin receptors are expressed in the pars tuberalis (PT) and, during fetal and perinatal life, in the pars distalis (PD). Functional studies suggest that the PT mediates the seasonal effects of melatonin on prolactin secretion, whilst the PD may be involved in photoperiodic programming of the developing gonadotrophic axis. To understand these effects at the cellular level we need to know the phenotype of melatonin-responsive cells. This review summarises current understanding in this area, and highlights present shortcomings. A case is presented for exploring the hypothesis that there is a functional association between melatonin receptor expression and cell differentiation in the anterior pituitary.

scholarly journals Effects of Light Quality and Phytochrome Form on Melatonin Biosynthesis in Rice

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Ok Jin Hwang ◽  
Kiyoon Kang ◽  
Kyoungwhan Back
Keyword(s):  
Light Quality ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Tryptophan Decarboxylase ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Melatonin Synthesis ◽  
Cadmium Treatment ◽  
Treatment Experiment ◽  
Melatonin Production

Light is an important factor influencing melatonin synthesis in response to cadmium treatment in rice. However, the effects of light quality on, and the involvement of phytochrome light receptors in, melatonin production have not been explored. In this study, we used light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to investigate the effect of light wavelength on melatonin synthesis, and the role of phytochromes in light-dependent melatonin induction in rice. Upon cadmium treatment, peak melatonin production was observed under combined red and blue (R + B) light, followed by red (R) and blue light (B). However, both far-red (FR) LED light and dark treatment (D) failed to induce melatonin production. Similarly, rice seedlings grown under the R + B treatment showed the highest melatonin synthesis, followed by those grown under B and R. These findings were consistent with the results of our cadmium treatment experiment. To further confirm the effects of light quality on melatonin synthesis, we employed rice photoreceptor mutants lacking functional phytochrome genes. Melatonin induction was most inhibited in the phytochrome A mutant (phyA) followed by the phyB mutant under R + B treatment, whereas phyB produced the least amount of melatonin under R treatment. These results indicate that PhyB is an R light receptor. Expression analyses of genes involved in melatonin biosynthesis clearly demonstrated that tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) played a key role in phytochrome-mediated melatonin induction when rice seedlings were challenged with cadmium.

Role of the 807 C/T Polymorphism of the α2 Gene in Platelet GP Ia Collagen Receptor Expression and Function

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (06) ◽  
pp. 951-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Corral ◽  
R. González-Conejero ◽  
J. Rivera ◽  
F. Ortuño ◽  
P. Aparicio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Platelet Surface ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
And Function ◽  
In Vitro Analysis

SummaryThe variability of the platelet GP Ia/IIa density has been associated with the 807 C/T polymorphism (Phe 224) of the GP Ia gene in American Caucasian population. We have investigated the genotype and allelic frequencies of this polymorphism in Spanish Caucasians. The T allele was found in 35% of the 284 blood donors analyzed. We confirmed in 159 healthy subjects a significant association between the 807 C/T polymorphism and the platelet GP Ia density. The T allele correlated with high number of GP Ia molecules on platelet surface. In addition, we observed a similar association of this polymorphism with the expression of this protein in other blood cell types. The platelet responsiveness to collagen was determined by “in vitro” analysis of the platelet activation and aggregation response. We found no significant differences in these functional platelet parameters according to the 807 C/T genotype. Finally, results from 3 case/control studies involving 302 consecutive patients (101 with coronary heart disease, 104 with cerebrovascular disease and 97 with deep venous thrombosis) determined that the 807 C/T polymorphism of the GP Ia gene does not represent a risk factor for arterial or venous thrombosis.

Role of dyslipidaemia and lipid peroxidation in pregnancy induced hypertension

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Saxena ◽  
KV Thimmaraju ◽  
PremC Srivastava ◽  
AyazK Mallick ◽  
Biswajit Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
In Pregnancy

Importance of Oral Health in Pregnancy: A Mini-symposium

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-158
Author(s):  
Aditi Priyamvara ◽  
Amit K. Dey ◽  
Antara Bagchi ◽  
Raveena Kelkar ◽  
Rajaram Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The Body ◽  
Systemic Impact ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: It is known that hormonal imbalances during pregnancy make women more susceptible to dental problems. High levels of progesterone and estrogen during pregnancy, lead to an increased inflammatory response to dental plaque thus causing predisposing to gum diseases such as gingivitis. If untreated, gingivitis leads to chronic periodontitis which may manifest systemically in form of cardiovascular, endocrine or even respiratory disorders. Also, hyperacidity in the oral cavity due to gastric reflux and vomiting leads to decreased pH thus damaging the tooth enamel making the oral cavity more prone to tooth decay and tooth loss. Studies also show that periodontal disease can also lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as pre-term and low birth weight babies. Objectives: We sought to understand the role of oral health in pregnancy. Methods: We identified major articles of interest in the field of oral health in pregnancy and drafted a mini-symposium based on relevant information. Conclusion: Regular dental visits and cognizant efforts to sustain a healthy oral environment can help women in the prevention and treatment of dental issues during pregnancy. The paper highlights the common oral manifestations during pregnancy and their local and systemic impact on the body during pregnancy. Furthermore, it also emphasizes the importance of good oral health practices to counteract the oral complications and the significance of oral health awareness in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Modulation of Macrophages M1/M2 Polarization Using Carbohydrate-Functionalized Polymeric Nanoparticles

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Raquel G. D. Andrade ◽  
Bruno Reis ◽  
Benjamin Costas ◽  
Sofia A. Costa Lima ◽  
Salette Reis
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Mannose Receptor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Polymeric Nanocarriers ◽  
Efficient Delivery

Exploiting surface endocytosis receptors using carbohydrate-conjugated nanocarriers brings outstanding approaches to an efficient delivery towards a specific target. Macrophages are cells of innate immunity found throughout the body. Plasticity of macrophages is evidenced by alterations in phenotypic polarization in response to stimuli, and is associated with changes in effector molecules, receptor expression, and cytokine profile. M1-polarized macrophages are involved in pro-inflammatory responses while M2 macrophages are capable of anti-inflammatory response and tissue repair. Modulation of macrophages’ activation state is an effective approach for several disease therapies, mediated by carbohydrate-coated nanocarriers. In this review, polymeric nanocarriers targeting macrophages are described in terms of production methods and conjugation strategies, highlighting the role of mannose receptor in the polarization of macrophages, and targeting approaches for infectious diseases, cancer immunotherapy, and prevention. Translation of this nanomedicine approach still requires further elucidation of the interaction mechanism between nanocarriers and macrophages towards clinical applications.

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