Long-term effects of rapid weight gain in children, adolescents and young adults with appropriate birth weight for gestational age: the kiel obesity prevention study

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Hitze ◽  
A Bosy-Westphal ◽  
S Plachta-Danielzik ◽  
F Bielfeldt ◽  
M Hermanussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Obesity Prevention ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Prevention Study ◽  
Rapid Weight Gain

scholarly journals Early nutrition programming of long-term health

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berthold Koletzko ◽  
Brigitte Brands ◽  
Lucilla Poston ◽  
Keith Godfrey ◽  
Hans Demmelmair
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Rapid Weight Gain ◽  
Early Nutrition ◽  
Increased Risk

Increasing evidence from the EU Project EARNEST and many other investigators demonstrates that early nutrition and lifestyle have long-term effects on later health and the risk of common non-communicable diseases (known as ‘developmental programming’). Because of the increasing public health importance and the transgenerational nature of the problem, obesity and associated disorders are the focus of the new EU funded project ‘EarlyNutrition’. Currently, three key hypotheses have been defined: the fuel mediated ‘in utero’ hypothesis suggests that intrauterine exposure to an excess of fuels, most notably glucose, causes permanent changes of the fetus that lead to obesity in postnatal life; the accelerated postnatal weight gain hypothesis proposes an association between rapid weight gain in infancy and an increased risk of later obesity and adverse outcomes; and the mismatch hypothesis suggests that experiencing a developmental ‘mismatch’ between a sub-optimal perinatal and an obesogenic childhood environment is related to a particular predisposition to obesity and corresponding co-morbidities. Using existing cohort studies, ongoing and novel intervention studies and a basic science programme to investigate those key hypotheses, project EarlyNutrition will provide the scientific foundations for evidence-based recommendations for optimal nutrition considering long-term health outcomes, with a focus on obesity and related disorders. Scientific and technical expertise in placental biology, epigenetics and metabolomics will provide understanding at the cellular and molecular level of the relationships between early life nutritional status and the risk of later adiposity. This will help refine strategies for intervention in early life to prevent obesity.

scholarly journals Preterm birth does not affect bone mineral density in young adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra E Breukhoven ◽  
Ralph W J Leunissen ◽  
Sandra W K de Kort ◽  
Ruben H Willemsen ◽  
Anita C S Hokken-Koelega
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral Apparent Density

ObjectivePrevious studies showed conflicting data on the effect of prematurity on bone mineral density (BMD) in infants and children. Only a few studies investigated the long-term effects of prematurity on BMD in early adulthood. The objective of our study was to assess the long-term effects of preterm birth on BMD of the total body (BMDTB), lumbar spine (BMDLS) and bone mineral apparent density of the LS (BMADLS).DesignCross-sectional study.MethodsIt consists of two hundred and seventy-six healthy subjects without serious postnatal complications, aged 18–24 years. The contribution of gestational age to the variance in BMD in young adulthood and the differences in BMD between 151 subjects born preterm (median gestational age 32.2 weeks (interquartile range (IQR) 30.3–34.0)) and 125 subjects born at term (median gestational age 40.0 weeks (IQR 39.0–40.0)) were investigated. BMD was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.ResultsThere were no significant linear correlations between gestational age and BMDTB(r=0.063,P=0.30), BMDLS(r=0.062,P=0.31) and BMADLS(r=0.069,P=0.26). Also after adjustment for possible confounders, gestational age was no significant contributor to the variance in BMDTB(P=0.27), BMDLS(P=0.91) and BMADLS(P=0.87). No significant differences were found between preterm and term subjects with regard to BMDTB, BMDLSand BMADLS.ConclusionIn our cohort of 276 young adults, aged 18–24 years, gestational age was not a significant determinant in the variance of BMD. Preterm birth without serious postnatal complications is not associated with a lower BMD in young adulthood.

scholarly journals Type 2 diabetes in children, adolescents and young adults: association of birth weight, gestational age and metabolic syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Fornari ◽  
Suzana Coelho de Lavigne ◽  
Gislaine Vissoky Cé ◽  
Cesar Geremia ◽  
Siciane Grassiolli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults

Pauperism in America: Long-term effects of childhood poverty on Caucasian young adults

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Finch ◽  
Heather Lopez ◽  
Jessie Shafer ◽  
Chrysalis L. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Childhood Poverty

Neuropsychological Deficits in Young Adults Born Small-for-Gestational Age (SGA) at Term

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Furre Østgård ◽  
Jon Skranes ◽  
Marit Martinussen ◽  
Geir W Jacobsen ◽  
Ann-Mari Brubakk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Design Fluency

AbstractReduced IQ, learning difficulties and poor school performance have been reported in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) subjects. However, few studies include a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Our aim was to study neuropsychological functioning in young adults born SGA at term. A comprehensive neuropsychological test battery was administered to 58 SGA subjects (birth weight <10th centile) born at term, and 81 term non-SGA controls (birth weight ≥10th centile). The SGA group obtained significantly (p< .01) lower scores on the attention, executive and memory domains compared to non-SGA controls and showed higher risk of obtaining scores below −1.5SDon the memory domain (odds ratio = 13.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.57, 112.47). At a subtest level, the SGA group obtained lower scores on most neuropsychological tests, with significant differences on 6 of 46 measures: the Trail Making Test 3 (letter sequencing), the Wechsler Memory Scale mental control and the auditory immediate memory scale, the Design Fluency, the Stroop 3 (inhibition) and the Visual Motor Integration (VMI) motor coordination subtest. Young adults born SGA score more poorly on neuropsychological tests compared with non-SGA controls. Differences were modest, with more significant differences in the memory domain. (JINS, 2014,20, 1–11)

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