Diversity in the Content of Some Nutritional Components in Husked Seeds of Three Wild Rice Species and Rice Varieties in Yunnan Province of China

The grain morphology of 17 wild rice relatives were studied by light and scanning electron microscopy and compared to two cultivated rice varieties (Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare and O. sativa cv. Teqing). Observations were made of the grain colour, size and shape. Grains from wild rice species exhibited a variety of colours that have potential aesthetic and nutritional value. The grains of these species exhibited a wide array of sizes and shapes, but still fell within the standard classification scale that rice breeders use for routine breeding evaluation. These results highlight the potential of these species as whole grain foods or as sources of novel alleles in conventional rice breeding programmes.

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Spesies Padi Liar (Oryza sp.) sebagai Sumber Gen Ketahanan Cekaman Abiotik dan Biotik pada Padi Budidaya

Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian ◽

10.21082/jp3.v35n4.2016.p197-207 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 197

Author(s):

Tintin Suhartini

Keyword(s):

Resistance Gene ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Wild Rice ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Cultivated Rice ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Wild Rice Species ◽

Oryza Meyeriana

ABSTRACT Wild rice species could be used for improvement of rice varieties because they have a good character for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Some of Indonesian wild rice species are Oryza meyeriana, O. granulata, O. longiglumis, O. officinalis, O. ridleyi, O. rufipogon and O. schlechteri. IRRI has a collection of 2,500 accesions of wild rice and 18 species were collected in ICABIOGRAD, Bogor. Some species of wild rice are known to have resistance genes to biotic and abiotic stresses. A number of accessions of O. officinalis contained resistance gene to brown planthopper, blast disease, bacterial leaf blight (BLB) and sheath rot. One of the species that has resistance to pests and diseases is O. minuta. The resistance to tungro virus occurs in O. punctata. Tolerance to drought, Al and Fe toxicities occurs in wild rice species of O. sativa genome AA group. Resistance genes from wild rice species can be inserted into cultivated rice through conventional techniques in combination with biotechnology, while gene transfer and gene detection from wild rice to cultivated rice can be done through cross breeding, molecular markers, backcrossing and embryo rescue. The success of introgression of resistance genes from wild rice species to cultivated rice will increase genetic diversity of rice. As an example O. minuta has been implemented in introgression of BLB resistance gene on IR64. Introgression of O. nivara gene in IRRI had improved some superior rice varieties in Indonesia, namely IR30, IR32, IR34, IR36 and IR38, which were tolerant to brown planthopper, dwarf virus and bacterial leaf blight. Oryza rufipogon wich has BLB and blast resistance gene has been used for improvement of new varieties Inpari Blas and Inpari HDB which were released in 2013. Keywords: Oryza spp., varietal improvement, resistance genes, biotic stresses, abiotic stressesAbstrakSpesies padi liar dapat dimanfaatkan dalam perakitan varietas unggul karena memiliki gen ketahanan terhadap cekaman biotik dan abiotik. Spesies padi liar yang ada di Indonesia adalah Oryza meyeriana, O. granulata, O. longiglumis, O. officinalis, O. ridleyi, O. rufipogon, dan O. schlechteri. IRRI memiliki koleksi 2.500 aksesi padi liar dan 18 spesies dikoleksi di BB Biogen. Sejumlah aksesi O. officinalis memiliki gen ketahanan terhadap wereng coklat, penyakit blas, hawar daun bakteri (HDB), dan busuk pelepah. Salah satu spesies yang memiliki ketahanan terhadap hama-penyakit tersebut adalah O. minuta. Ketahanan terhadap virus tungro terdapat pada O. punctata. Toleransi terhadap kekeringan, keracunan Al, dan Fe terdapat pada spesies padi liar kelompok O. sativa genom AA. Gen ketahanan dari spesies padi liar dapat dimasukkan (introgresi) ke dalam padi budi daya melalui teknik konvensional yang dikombinasikan dengan bioteknologi, sementara transfer gen dapat melalui persilangan, marka molekuler, silang balik, dan penyelamatan embrio. Keberhasilan introgresi gen ketahanan dari spesies padi liar ke padi budi daya akan meningkatkan keragaman genetik tanaman. Spesies padi liar O. minuta telah dimanfaatkan dalam introgresi gen ketahanan HDB pada varietas IR64. Introgresi gen asal O. nivara di IRRI menambah varietas unggul di Indonesia, yaitu IR30, IR32, IR34, IR36, dan IR38, yang toleran terhadap wereng coklat, virus kerdil rumput, dan HDB. Spesies padi liar O. rufipogon yang memiliki gen ketahanan HDB dan blas telah digunakan dalam pembentukan varietas unggul baru Inpari HDB dan Inpari Blas yang dilepas pada 2013.

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Endophytic Colonization and In Planta Nitrogen Fixation by a Herbaspirillum sp. Isolated from Wild Rice Species

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.67.11.5285-5293.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 67 (11) ◽

pp. 5285-5293 ◽

Cited By ~ 274

Author(s):

Adel Elbeltagy ◽

Kiyo Nishioka ◽

Tadashi Sato ◽

Hisa Suzuki ◽

Bin Ye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Wild Rice ◽

Fluorescent Protein ◽

In Planta ◽

Cultivated Rice ◽

Phenotypic Properties ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Bacterial Populations ◽

Rdna Sequences ◽

Wild Rice Species

ABSTRACT Nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated from the stems of wild and cultivated rice on a modified Rennie medium. Based on 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences, the diazotrophic isolates were phylogenetically close to four genera: Herbaspirillum,Ideonella, Enterobacter, andAzospirillum. Phenotypic properties and signature sequences of 16S rDNA indicated that three isolates (B65, B501, and B512) belong to the Herbaspirillum genus. To examine whether Herbaspirillum sp. strain B501 isolated from wild rice, Oryza officinalis, endophytically colonizes rice plants, the gfp gene encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) was introduced into the bacteria. Observations by fluorescence stereomicroscopy showed that the GFP-tagged bacteria colonized shoots and seeds of aseptically grown seedlings of the original wild rice after inoculation of the seeds. Conversely, for cultivated rice Oryza sativa, no GFP fluorescence was observed for shoots and only weak signals were observed for seeds. Observations by fluorescence and electron microscopy revealed that Herbaspirillum sp. strain B501 colonized mainly intercellular spaces in the leaves of wild rice. Colony counts of surface-sterilized rice seedlings inoculated with the GFP-tagged bacteria indicated significantly more bacterial populations inside the original wild rice than in cultivated rice varieties. Moreover, after bacterial inoculation, in planta nitrogen fixation in young seedlings of wild rice, O. officinalis, was detected by the acetylene reduction and 15N2gas incorporation assays. Therefore, we conclude thatHerbaspirillum sp. strain B501 is a diazotrophic endophyte compatible with wild rice, particularly O. officinalis.

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Rubisco activity, electron transport rate, and leaf features drive high photosynthesis rate in the selected wild rice

10.1101/754887 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jyotirmaya Mathan ◽

Anuradha Singh ◽

Vikram Jathar ◽

Aashish Ranjan

Keyword(s):

Electron Transport ◽

Wild Rice ◽

Electron Transport Rate ◽

Transport Rate ◽

Leaf Photosynthesis ◽

Cultivated Rice ◽

Rubisco Activity ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Mesophyll Cells ◽

Wild Rice Species

AbstractThe importance of increasing photosynthetic efficiency for sustainable crop yield increases to feed the growing world population is well recognized. The natural genetic variation for leaf photosynthesis in crop plants is largely unexploited for increasing genetic yield potential. The genus Oryza, including cultivated rice and wild relatives, offers tremendous genetic variability to explore photosynthetic differences, and underlying biochemical, photochemical, and developmental basis. We quantified leaf photosynthesis and related physiological parameters for six cultivated and three wild rice genotypes, and identified photosynthetically efficient wild rice species. Fitting A/Ci curves followed by experimental validation showed that the leaf photosynthesis in cultivated rice varieties, IR64 and Nipponbare, was limited due to Rubisco activity and electron transport rate, compared to photosynthetically efficient wild rice species, Oryza australiensis and Oryza latifolia. The selected wild rice species with high leaf photosynthesis per unit area had striking anatomical features, such as larger mesophyll cells with more chloroplasts, larger and closer veins, and fewer mesophyll cells between two consecutive veins. Our results show the existence of desirable variations in Rubisco activity, electron transport rate, and mesophyll and vein features in the rice system itself that could possibly be targeted for increasing the photosynthetic efficiency of cultivated rice varieties.HighlightDistinct leaf biochemical, photochemical, and developmental features contribute to efficient photosynthesis in the selected wild rice that could potentially be exploited for increasing rice leaf photosynthesis.

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Development of a genome-wide InDel marker set for allele discrimination between rice (Oryza sativa) and the other seven AA-genome Oryza species

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-88533-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sherry Lou Hechanova ◽

Kamal Bhattarai ◽

Eliza Vie Simon ◽

Graciana Clave ◽

Pathmasiri Karunarathne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Wild Rice ◽

The Other ◽

Sequence Alignments ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Genome Species ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Wild Rice Species ◽

A Genome ◽

Aa Genome

AbstractWild relatives of rice in the genus Oryza (composed of 24 species with 11 different genome types) have been significantly contributing to the varietal improvement of rice (Oryza sativa). More than 4000 accessions of wild rice species are available and they are regarded as a “genetic reservoir” for further rice improvement. DNA markers are essential tools in genetic analysis and breeding. To date, genome-wide marker sets for wild rice species have not been well established and this is one of the major difficulties for the efficient use of wild germplasm. Here, we developed 541 genome-wide InDel markers for the discrimination of alleles between the cultivated species O. sativa and the other seven AA-genome species by positional multiple sequence alignments among five AA-genome species with four rice varieties. The newly developed markers were tested by PCR-agarose gel analysis of 24 accessions from eight AA genome species (three accessions per species) along with two representative cultivars (O. sativa subsp. indica cv. IR24 and subsp. japonica cv. Nipponbare). Marker polymorphism was validated for 475 markers. The number of polymorphic markers between IR24 and each species (three accessions) ranged from 338 (versus O. rufipogon) to 416 (versus O. longistaminata) and the values in comparison with Nipponbare ranged from 179 (versus O. glaberrima) to 323 (versus O. glumaepatula). These marker sets will be useful for genetic studies and use of the AA-genome wild rice species.

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