scholarly journals “Critical Legal Histories Revisited”: A Response

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 200-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Gordon

The author responds to comments reappraising “Critical Legal Histories” (CLH) (1984). CLH critiqued “evolutionary functionalism,” the idea that law is a functional response to a typical modernizing process. CLH argued that “society” was partly constituted of legal elements and that law was too indeterminate to have reliably regular functional effects. CLH has been misinterpreted as calling for a return to internal histories of “mandarin” doctrine: all it said was that some doctrinal histories were valuable, without privileging them. This response clarifies that the relations of law to society and social change, and of high-level official law to everyday local law are distinct issues. CLH is mostly moot today, since social-legal historians have incorporated its insight that legal concepts are embedded in everyday social practice. But other fields have revived deterministic Whiggish accounts of progressive development and of law functional to it—to which CLH's critique still seems relevant.

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-701
Author(s):  
Heiko Hausendorf ◽  
Kenan Hochuli ◽  
Johanna Jud ◽  
Alexandra Zoller

Abstract The present paper is concerned with the lecture hall as the natural home of lecturing. We will focus on constructed, designed and equipped space as a material and communicative manifestation of science which fundamentally contributes to the multimodal practice of lecturing. Taking an interactionist point of view, we start off with introducing our concept of architecture-for-interaction which aims at spatial built-in features as a resource for social interaction, namely for situational anchoring among those present. In a second step, we identify key architectural elements of the lecture hall as material sediments of communicative problems connected with the social practice of lecturing. In doing so, we will also give a high-level overview of the historical development of the lecture hall (and its precursors) since the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age. Turning to current data from lecturing in times of the pandemic, we will then deal with so called „ghost lectures“ behind closed doors. This current development brings out a refiguration process due to which the lecture hall undergoes a change from the classical auditorium with copresent participants to a multi-media hub allowing for tele-present participants.


2020 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Nataliia MYROSHCHENKO ◽  
Anastasiia SYMAK ◽  
Oksana ZARYTSKA

Introduction. In modern highly competitive, dynamic and unstable conditions enterprises are able to function successfully in the marketplace and occupy leadership positions in large part due to developing, implementation and realisation of innovations. A high level of an innovative activity of enterprises creates preconditions for forming new competitive benefits, an increase of investment attractiveness, broadens possibilities of passage to new marketplaces, is an impulse for providing a progressive development. As practice shows, only a small part of innovations transforms in goods and services and is successfully commercialized due to its promotion in interested groups of consumers. That's why the problem of commercialization of innovative goods and services should be in field of view of society, government, private business, scientists because decision of this problem improves a competitive ability of goods and finely a level of population's life. The purpose of paper is an exploration of commercialization properties of innovative goods and services in foreign countries, detection of reasons of low level of commercialization of innovative goods and services by domestic enterprises. Results. It is considered a domestic and a worldwide experience of commercialization of high-tech goods and services of industrial enterprises in the context of Asian, American and European models of innovative development. It is particularly set that there in the USA, Europe and Asia the key role in development and implementation of high-tech goods and services play multinational companies, which quite often create venture companies in their structures. Besides, it is set that a venture capital is often concentrated in science parks, technopoles, business incubators and other innovative structures. It is proved that in the process of commercialization of high-tech goods and services is a governmental support of state, first of all, from positions of longevity of preferences, which are offered to subjects of innovative structures. It's also set that such kind of commercialization is successful when local properties of demand for new goods and services are taken into account. Regarding a domestic experience of commercialization of innovative goods and services, they should state that it has a quite low development. Conclusion. In this way, generalisation of domestic and foreign experience of commercialization of innovative goods and services shows that directions and ways of such commercialization are different and can have a different shape that is defined by local historical circumstances, traditions and national innovative politics in general.


Author(s):  
Marco Adria ◽  
Katy Campbell

This chapter is concerned with how individuals may examine the potential for social change arising from interactions in an e-learning environment. We explore continuing education as the site for e-learning in the context of developing a civil society. Referring to Anderson’s (1991) work on nationalism, and Wenger, McDermott, and Snyder’s (2002) discussion of communities of practice, we argue that the transition from face-to-face teaching to e-learning has the potential to appeal to those learners, and their instructors, who are interested in the capacity of a community to contribute to social change. We are particularly interested in the potential of e-learning to be socially transformative in its power to be inclusive, that is, to support diverse cultures, languages, work contexts, learning needs and styles, prior experiences, generations, economic circumstances, social contexts, and geographic location. We have suggested that the metaphor of an e-learning nation supports the reflective and progressive development of learning communities in which identity is consciously and critically examined.


2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 362-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luiza B. Smolka

2020 ◽  
pp. 002085231987997
Author(s):  
Zhibin Zhang ◽  
Chao Guo

Nonprofit organizations worldwide are increasingly seeking commercial means of financing. Would commercialization compromise the civic functions of nonprofit organizations, especially their policy advocacy efforts for social change? In this article, we address this profound concern by examining policy advocacy by commercialized nonprofits in Singapore. Applying a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis approach in theory building, this study identifies multiple causal configurations of organizational and environmental conditions under which nonprofit organizations can still maintain a high level of advocacy activities in the wave of commercialization. The configurational theory that this study develops sheds new light on our understanding of the causal complexity underlying nonprofit advocacy and informs decision-making on how to uphold nonprofit civic functions in the commercializing context.


2017 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 272-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Herington ◽  
P.A. Lant ◽  
S. Smart ◽  
C. Greig ◽  
E. van de Fliert

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-73
Author(s):  
Setiyo Yuli Handono

The phenomenon of social change that occurred in Wonokitri Village, Sub-District of Tosari, Pasuruan Regency was very pronounced from the early 2000s until 2019. Changes not only change physical conditions even socially and economically also change very rapidly. These changes occur through planning and the role of parties from internal and external. The formulation of the problem includes: 1) who are the agents and structures in social change? Wonokitri Village (formerly known as Desa Adat) becomes a Tourism Village; The analysis in this research uses Anthony Giddens' structuration theory which explains the concept of agent and structure, space and time, as well as the relationship of structure with agent's social practice. This type of research is qualitative research with a case study method. Data collection uses observation, which is observing the condition of the village environment and various social practices of agents and the Wonokitri community in relation to the research context, interviews with key and additional informants, and gathering various documentation.The results showed that there were three main agents (tayuban / teropan: pardi and budi, jeep tourism and homestay: sukir) from the Wonokitri community who had influence in the community. The role he does in social change is through socialization, coordination, synergy and cooperation. The existing structure comes from the Wonokitri community and their social practices which are motivated by their practical and discursive awareness as well as the role of community leaders (Village Head: Pak Iksan), traditional leaders (Customary Chair: Pak Kadik) through their structural policies. The relationship between the agent and the structure in change occurs through the scheme of domination structure (control of the agent over the structure), continuing significance (the invitation of the agent to the structure), and achieving the scheme of legitimacy (justification for the agent's efforts by the structure).


Author(s):  
Juliet Webster

 Why do we do research into ICTs and society at all?  Apart from advancing our analytical understanding of technological and social change, for many researchers, social studies of technology provide a way of supplying evidence for social policy, or shaping social practice.  Even if we do not always make it explicit, for many of us, our research is both political and personal.   In this paper, I consider the ways in which social and political values shape research questions and research methods.   Drawing on examples of recent feminist and other research which has investigated the employment relations of technological change, I discuss the academic and political ambitions of the work, the recognition of interests and the involvement of stakeholders, and the relationship between researchers and ‘users’ of the research.  I reflect on the importance of revealing and explicating the politics of ICT research, particularly in the context of imminent economic and social restructuring.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-49
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fauzi

Abstract: This research, praxis aims to describe and interpret various roles and social contributions of the kiai to victims of Dimas Kanjeng in Probolinggo. Sociologically, the existence of kiai in the midst of society occupies the most strategic position, even all forms of social action and advice are used as references and legitimacy for various social problems. Therefore, the presence of the kiai is understood as a pioneer of change in both the religious, moral, social and cultural fields of all domestic and social domestication (social and cultural domestication), especially for victims of Dimas Kanjeng. In this context, the existence of the kiai is an important part in providing enlightenment to overcome various problems that are happening, as a form of social change for victims of Dimas Kanjeng. Thus, to interpret and interpret the roles and social actions of the kiai, the researcher uses Pierre Bourdieu's social practice theory, between Habitus x Modal + Domain = Practice, with a qualitative approach and type of case study research. In praxis, this study produced several findings, including; 1) the presence of kiai and pesantren basically cannot be separated from scientific genealogy which is built through the Koran and al-Hadith, as core beliefs and core values, so that it becomes a social capital of the kiai (social capital) to practice social (social practice) and bring about changes in both the religious, moral and social fields, by transmitting universal religious values (kaffah), the view is expected to influence and inspire the thinking and social behavior of the community, especially for victims of Dimas Kanjeng, to shape individual piety and social piety; 2) the kiai's approach to social change, including; cultural approach, through a process of guidance regarding understanding Islamic teachings; a cultural approach, the involvement of the kiai in various socio-religious organizations becomes the main capital to influence the thinking and social behavior of other individuals; 3) various social contributions of the kiai include several aspects; kiai as social change, social cohesion, social harmonization; purification of the soul (tazkiyyat al-nafs) and moral fortifications in maintaining social integrity. الملخص: يهدف هذا البحث العملي إلى وصف وتفسير الأدوار والمساهمات الاجتماعية المختلفة للشيوخ / العلماء لضحايا ديماس كانجينج في بروبولينجو. من الناحية الاجتماعية ، يحتل وجود العلماء / الشيخ في وسط المجتمع المكان الأكثر استراتيجية ، حتى يتم استخدام جميع أشكال العمل الاجتماعي والمشورة كمراجع وشرعية لمختلف المشاكل الاجتماعية. لذلك ، يُفهم وجود العلماء / الشيخ على أنه رائد التغيير في كل من المجالات الدينية والأخلاقية والاجتماعية والثقافية لجميع التدجين الاجتماعي والثقافي ، وخاصة بالنسبة لضحايا ديماس كانجينج. في هذا السياق ، يعد وجود العلماء / الشيخ جزءًا مهمًا في توفير التنوير للتغلب على المشكلات المختلفة التي تحدث ، كشكل من أشكال التغيير الاجتماعي لضحايا ديماس كانجينج. وبالتالي ، لتفسير الأدوار والإجراءات الاجتماعية للعلماء / الشيخ ، يستخدم الباحث نظرية الممارسة الاجتماعية لبيير بورديو ، بين habitus x modal + domain = Practice، مع نهج نوعي ونوع من أبحاث دراسة الحالة.  في الممارسة ، أنتجت هذه الدراسة العديد من النتائج ، بما في ذلك ؛ 1) لا يمكن فصل وجود العلماء والشيوخ والبيزنرة في الأساس عن علم الأنساب المبني من خلال القرآن والحديث ، كمعتقدات وقيم أساسية ، بحيث يصبح رأس المال الاجتماعي للكيي لتنفيذ الممارسات الاجتماعية وإحداث التغيير في المجال الديني ، من الناحية الأخلاقية والاجتماعية ، من خلال نقل القيم الدينية العالمية (الكفة) ، من المتوقع أن تكون هذه النظرة قادرة على التأثير وإلهام الفكر والسلوك الاجتماعي ، وخاصة لضحايا ديماس كانجينج ، لتشكيل التقوى الفردية والتقوى الاجتماعية ؛ 2) نهج العلماء / الشيخ في إحداث تغييرات اجتماعية ، بما في ذلك ؛ النهج الثقافي ، من خلال عملية الإرشاد بشأن فهم التعاليم الإسلامية ؛ من خلال نهج ثقافي ، تصبح مشاركة الكيان في مختلف المنظمات الاجتماعية الدينية هي العاصمة الرئيسية للتأثير على التفكير والسلوك الاجتماعي للأفراد الآخرين ؛ 3) تشمل المساهمات الاجتماعية المختلفة للشيوخ عدة جوانب ؛ العلماء / الشيخ كتغيير اجتماعي وتماسك اجتماعي ومواءمة اجتماعية ؛ تطهير الروح (تزكية النفس) والتحصينات الأخلاقية في الحفاظ على النزاهة الاجتماعية. Abstrak: Penelitian ini praksis bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menginterpretasikan berbagai peran dan kontribusi sosial kyai kepada para korban Dimas Kanjeng di Probolinggo. Secara sosiologis, keberadaan kiai di tengah-tengah masyarakat menempati posisi paling strategis, bahkan semua bentuk aksi dan saran sosial digunakan sebagai referensi dan legitimasi untuk berbagai masalah sosial. Oleh karena itu, kehadiran kiai dipahami sebagai pelopor perubahan baik dalam bidang agama, moral, sosial dan budaya dari semua domestik dan sosial domestikasi (sosial dan budaya domestikasi), terutama untuk para korban Dimas Kanjeng. Dalam konteks ini, keberadaan kiai merupakan bagian penting dalam memberikan pencerahan untuk mengatasi berbagai masalah yang sedang terjadi, sebagai bentuk perubahan sosial bagi para korban Dimas Kanjeng. Dengan demikian, untuk menafsirkan dan menafsirkan peran dan tindakan sosial kiai, peneliti menggunakan teori praktik sosial Pierre Bourdieu, antara Habitus x Modal + Domain = Praktek, dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Dalam praksis, penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa temuan, termasuk; 1) kehadiran kyai dan pesantren pada dasarnya tidak dapat dilepaskan dari silsilah ilmiah yang dibangun melalui Alquran dan al-Hadis, sebagai keyakinan inti dan nilai-nilai inti, sehingga menjadi modal sosial kiai (modal sosial) untuk mempraktikkan sosial (praktik sosial) dan membawa perubahan baik dalam bidang agama, moral dan sosial, dengan mentransmisikan nilai-nilai agama universal (kaffah), pandangan ini diharapkan dapat mempengaruhi dan menginspirasi pemikiran dan perilaku sosial masyarakat, terutama bagi para korban Dimas Kanjeng, untuk membentuk kesalehan individu dan kesalehan sosial; 2) pendekatan kiai terhadap perubahan sosial, termasuk; pendekatan budaya, melalui proses bimbingan tentang memahami ajaran Islam; pendekatan budaya, keterlibatan kiai dalam berbagai organisasi sosial keagamaan menjadi modal utama untuk mempengaruhi pemikiran dan perilaku sosial individu lain; 3) berbagai kontribusi sosial kiai mencakup beberapa aspek; kyai sebagai perubahan sosial, kohesi sosial, harmonisasi sosial; pemurnian jiwa (tazkiyyat al-nafs) dan benteng moral dalam menjaga integritas sosial.


Author(s):  
Juliet Webster

 Why do we do research into ICTs and society at all?  Apart from advancing our analytical understanding of technological and social change, for many researchers, social studies of technology provide a way of supplying evidence for social policy, or shaping social practice.  Even if we do not always make it explicit, for many of us, our research is both political and personal.   In this paper, I consider the ways in which social and political values shape research questions and research methods.   Drawing on examples of recent feminist and other research which has investigated the employment relations of technological change, I discuss the academic and political ambitions of the work, the recognition of interests and the involvement of stakeholders, and the relationship between researchers and ‘users’ of the research.  I reflect on the importance of revealing and explicating the politics of ICT research, particularly in the context of imminent economic and social restructuring.


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