Panel Comment: The Attempt to Pass the Genetic Privacy Act in Maryland

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil A. Holtzman
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Dna Testing ◽  
Genetic Privacy ◽  
Privacy Act ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Exclusive Property ◽  
Privacy Legislation ◽  
Unauthorized Disclosure

The Genetic Privacy Act (GPA) is a comprehensive effort to protect individuals from unauthorized analysis of their DNA and from unauthorized disclosure of information resulting from genetic analysis. Irrespective of merit, every bill must survive legislative scrutiny. This is a considerable challenge, particularly for a bill as complex and far-reaching as the GPA. To illustrate my point, I describe the fate of two bills introduced into the Maryland Senate in 1995 by Senator Jennie Forehand. The first, also entitled the Genetic Privacy Act (S. 645), was a slightly modified version of the model legislation prepared by Annas, Glantz, and Roche. After a hearing, the bill received a 9-2 unfavorable vote from the Economic and Environmental Affairs Committee. The second was a much shorter bill, DNA Testing – Informed Consent and Confidentiality (S. 707), which simply stated that “DNA analysis may only be performed with the informed consent of the person being analyzed” and that the results of such analysis “are the exclusive property of the person tested, are confidential, and may not be disclosed without the consent of the person being tested.” This bill had a hearing but was never put to a vote by the Judicial Proceedings Committee. My principal aim is to examine the testimony on these bills. I will conclude with some suggestions about accomplishing the goals of genetic privacy legislation.

Judgments of Value, Judgments of Fact: The Ethical Dimension of Biohistorical Research

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Russell Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Ethical Dimension ◽  
Dna Testing ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The Public ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
Scientific Analysis

The public increasingly views DNA testing as an unassailable way to verify the identity of historical figures. The Chicago Historical Society explored the appropriateness of DNA analysis and other forensic scientific methods to authenticate Lincoln assassination-related artifacts in its collection. The study concluded that DNA testing would damage or destroy the artifacts. More importantly, it determined that DNA and other scientific analysis of historical artifacts or historical figures' remains should be done only in the context of an ethical framework. The article discusses the development of ethical guidelines for museums and historians to follow when considering such studies.

Conferring a Federal Property Right in Genetic Material: Stepping into the Future with the Genetic Privacy Act

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-134
Author(s):  
Michael M.J. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Genetic Privacy ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Dna Evidence ◽  
Privacy Act ◽  
National Rule ◽  
Social And Ethical Issues

“A wise man can hear profit in the wind.”—Pel, quoting the Ferengi Rules of AcquisitionThe expansive biotechnology field includes many facets of medical research, from drug discovery and design, to gene therapy and the diagnosis of genetic diseases, to the use of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) evidence to identify individuals and genetic characteristics. The biotechnology industry requires a readily available supply of biological raw materials; much of current research is founded on cells, tissues, organs, fetal tissues and placentas, and other samples derived from human donors. However, this growing need for raw materials presents many economic, social, and ethical issues to society, researchers, and the existing legal regime. Furthermore, because courts and legislatures fail to provide a clear national rule regarding biological materials, the resulting legal uncertainties chill research and investment. Although very few cases address property rights in a person’s organs, tissues, and genetic material, the issues of autonomy and privacy involved evoke analogies to deep-seated issues such as slavery, the freezing of embryos, and abortion.

The Living Disappeared

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-172
Author(s):  
Mariana Herrera Piñero ◽  
Eric Stover ◽  
Melina Tupa ◽  
Víctor B. Penchaszadeh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Military Rule ◽  
Missing Children ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Clandestine Graves ◽  
Psychosocial Challenges

This chapter tells the story of the Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo, or Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo, and their search for more than 500 grandchildren who were kidnapped by the Argentine military or born in captivity during military rule from 1976 to 1983. Most of the parents of these children were executed and buried in clandestine graves, while their children were given to childless military and civilian couples. Hope turned the Abuelas into detectives. Over many years, they examined thousands of pages of public documents, conducted stakeouts, and went undercover in their search for clues to the whereabouts of their missing grandchildren. But sleuthing was easy compared to convincing courts that the children they had located were biologically related to the grandparents who claimed them. In spring 1984, several foreign geneticists came to the aid of the Abuelas. Six months later, the first grandchild was identified on the basis of genetic analysis and returned to her grandmother. DNA sequencing soon followed, and in 1987, the Argentine Congress passed a law establishing the Banco Nacional de Datos Genéticos (National Genetic Data Bank), dedicated exclusively to identifying Argentina’s missing children. To date, 127 stolen children have been identified, most of them based on DNA analysis. While tracing this history, the chapter explores the scientific, legal, and psychosocial challenges that have arisen during the Abuelas’ search for their missing grandchildren.

Underlying Ambiguities in Genetic Privacy Legislation

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY TERRELL WHITE
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Privacy ◽  
Privacy Legislation

Extending freedom of information and privacy legislation to municipalities in ontario

CISM journal ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-391
Author(s):  
Margaret Ann Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
Privacy Act ◽  
Public Sector Organizations ◽  
The Future ◽  
Privacy Legislation

In 1991, a new statute, the Municipal Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, 1989, came into effect in Ontario. It is modeled on the earlier Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, 1987 which continues to apply to public sector organizations at the provincial level. Rather than provide an overview of this area of legislation, this article concentrates on certain aspects of the legislation which may prove to be troublesome to members of the public using these statutes in the future. These potential difficulties in some cases lie in differences between this new statute which governs the conduct of municipal bodies and the original statute which applies to provincial organizations. Other problematic areas are common to both statutes.

Under The Law

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 74-75
Author(s):  
Julie Underwood
Keyword(s):  
Digital Transmission ◽  
Family Education ◽  
School Employees ◽  
Student Records ◽  
Privacy Act ◽  
Student Privacy ◽  
Personally Identifiable Information ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Law ◽  
Unauthorized Disclosure

FERPA — the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act — protects student privacy by laying out when and how education records that are maintained by the school can be used within and outside of the school district and when student records can be released. FERPA’s goal is to prevent unauthorized disclosure of students’ personally identifiable information. School employees (and school attorneys) handle student records and data according to FERPA every day. But the law was enacted in 1974, before digital recordkeeping, big data, texts, email, the internet, and easy digital transmission of information, which means that much about FERPA is now outdated.

The Research and Application of Forensic DNA Fragment Analysis Software

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 1904-1907
Author(s):  
Lin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Good Prospect ◽  
Dna Testing ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Fragment Analysis ◽  
Forensic Dna Analysis ◽  
Testing Technology ◽  
Forensic Dna Testing

Forensic DNA analysis software is dedicated with forensic DNA testing platform matching data analysis tools, which can realize the platform acquisition, pretreatment of DNA data analysis and deep processing. It realizes the automation of forensic DNA testing process, further to get rid of dependence on foreign analysis software of DNA testing technology in China. It has a good prospect of popularization and application.

scholarly journals Forensic Molecular-Genetic Analysis of Objects of Biological Origin – a New Direction of Forensic Activity of the Russian Ministry of Justice

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
S. A. Smirnova ◽  
G. G. Omel’yanyuk ◽  
I. V. Storozhenko ◽  
A. A. Rybakova ◽  
V. V. Gulevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Forensic Dna Analysis ◽  
Forensic Institutions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Plant Biomaterials

The article addresses the importance and basic preconditions for the forming a new direction of forensic activity in the system of forensic institutions of the Russian Ministry of Justice a new direction of forensic activity - molecular-genetic analysis of the objects of biological origin. The authors present the advantages of DNA analysis - one of the most modern and efficient methods in investigating criminal cases. The article also demonstrates the potential of different methods of DNA-analysis for forensic investigations. The history of forensic DNA-analysis development in Russia and its features when examining the human, animal, and plant biomaterials are briefly discussed. The authors propose the definitions for the molecular-genetic examinations’ object and subject, formulate the model tasks, and suggest a list of sample questions for this study.

DNA-analysis of genotypes of the genus Fragaria l. For anthracnose resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
A. S. Lyzhin ◽  
I. V. Luk’yanchuk ◽  
E. V. Zhbanova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Anthracnose Resistance

The results of the molecular genetic analysis of strawberry genotypes for the Rca2 anthracnose resistance gene were shown. The marker STS-Rca2_240 linked to Rca2 gene was identified in the strawberry varieties Elianny and Laetitia (the putative genotype is Rca2Rca2 or Rca2rca2). In the remaining studied genotypes of the genus Fragaria L. the marker STS-Rca2_240 was not detected (the putative genotype is rca2rca2).

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