scholarly journals A Tribute to Jonathan Mann: Health and Human Rights in the AIDS Pandemic

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence O. Gostin
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health And Human Rights ◽  
International Program ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

It was a characteristically cold, bright morning in Geneva in 1986, and I had just taken the Number 8 bus from the Cornavin to the headquarters of the World Health Organization (WHO). I wandered into a cluttered and cramped office filled with unopened boxes and scattered papers. Jonathan Mann and a competent Swiss secretary, Edith Bernard, had just moved in. Together, they alone constituted the WHO team that would mobilize the global effort against an emerging plague-the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Jonathan had recently come from Kinshasa where he led Projet SIDA, an innovative international program to reduce the already weighty burden of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Africa.

scholarly journals The Epidemiology of the AIDS Pandemic

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Connor Baucom ◽  
Jeremy Bate ◽  
Shirley Ochoa ◽  
Ilidio Santos ◽  
Ayten Sergios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
World Health ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a bloodborne pathogen that targets the body’s immune system by attacking T cells. Having originated from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, the first confirmed case was discovered in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In the 1980s, the AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) pandemic began, and by the end of that decade, the World Health Organization reported the presence of HIV in 145 countries and nearly 400,000 cases worldwide. This rapid spread left the scientific community perplexed, and the general population scared. Our literature review explores which factors led to the rapid global spread of HIV. Through historical records and peer-reviewed articles, we sought to uncover and piece together practical applications to enhance understanding of the history and knowledge of potential dangers in the spread of future pandemics.

The relevance of the question of the study of a corpse with suspected HIV

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Dzhuvalyakov ◽  
Dmitry Bogomolov ◽  
Julia Zbrueva
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

HIV infection is a disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, characterized by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, which contributes to the occurrence of secondary infections and malignant tumors due to deep inhibition of the body's protective properties. Today, the world is experiencing a pandemic of HIV infection, the incidence of the world's population, especially in Eastern Europe, is growing steadily.

scholarly journals MECHANISM OF HIV PENETRATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
G.I. Mavrov ◽  
Y.V. Scherbakova ◽  
K. Ye. Ishcheikin ◽  
V.I. Kameniev ◽  
Ya. A. Yemchenko
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Prevention of human immunodeficiency virus transmission through intercourse consists in combining highly effective biomedical, behavioural, and structural interventions. The purpose of this review was to summarize our own and global studies on the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus through the mucous membranes of the genital organs. Global reports of the United Nations agency on the fight against acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, statistical reports of individual countries (in particular, Ukraine), materials of the World Health Organization for the period from 2000 to 2018 were analyzed. Improving and implementing measures to prevent the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus are extremely necessary to halt the global epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and to finally overcome it. Studies on animal models and the investigation of acute infection pathogenesis in humans have revealed vulnerabilities in the behaviour of the virus during penetration through the mucous membrane of the genital organs in the very early stages of infection. The data obtained open up new directions for the use of prophylactic vaccines and antiretroviral drugs to prevent the development of systemic infection, with the depletion of CD4 T cells. These studies enabled us to conclude that prevention strategies should target the earliest stages of infection for the following reasons: the vulnerability of the virus, which at an early stage is located in small populations of the founding cells at the site of entry for the infection; in order to develop as a systemic infection, the local spread of the virus is first necessary; the adverse effects that develop rapidly are associated only with a systemic infection. Thus, in near future, the effectiveness of the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus transmitted through sexual intercourse will depend on the solution of scientific and practical issues of immunology.

Differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea in patients with HIV infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Olga Alekseevna Petrischeva
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Case ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Today, when the whole world is overwhelmed by the coronavirus pandemic, few people remember that it was AIDS that was called the plague of the twentieth century. The manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are the terminal stage of infection of the body with the human immunodeficiency virus, which belongs to retroviruses and leads to the development of secondary immunodeficiency. The first case of HIV infection in adults was described in 1981 in America. A young homosexual came to one of the hospitals in the city of San Francisco with a persistent fungal infection. Some time after the treatment, the young man developed pneumonia, from the complications of which he soon died. The human immunodeficiency virus got its name only in 1982, and the disease caused by it began to be called the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. At present, there are more than 40 million infected people in the world, 2/3 of whom live in Africa; in total, since the beginning of the epidemic, almost 100 million people have been infected with HIV, and the number of victims has doubled the number of people who died in the First World War. Despite the fact that this infection is not airborne or transmitted by contact, the growth rate of this disease continues to shock. Thus, about 5 thousand people get infected with HIV every day in the world; annually about 1 million die from complications of this disease. It should be noted that only 71% of those infected are aware of their status, all the rest continue to serve as a potential source of the spread of this terrible infection.

HIV-induced diseases in adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Olga Petrishcheva
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
World War I ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
The Body ◽  
Infected People ◽  
First Case ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Now, when the coronavirus pandemic has swept the whole world, few people recall that AIDS was called the plague of XX century. Manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are the terminal stage of infection of the body with the human immunodeficiency virus, which belongs to retroviruses and leads to the development of secondary immunodeficiency. The first case of HIV infection in an adult was described in 1981 in America. A young homosexual sought help for a fungal infection resistant to treatment in one of the hospitals of San Francisco. Some time after the treatment, pneumonia developed in the young man, from the complications of which he soon died. Human immunodeficiency virus got its name only in 1982, and the disease caused by it began to be called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Today there are more than 40 million infected people in the world, 2/3 of whom live in Africa. Nearly 100 million people have been infected with HIV since the beginning of the epidemic, and the number of victims is twice as much as the number of people killed in the World War I. Despite the fact that this infection is not transmitted by airborne droplets, in the household and via contact, the growth rate of this disease continues to shock. So, every day about 5 thousand people in the world become infected with HIV, about 1 million die every year from the complications of this disease. It should be noted that only 71% of infected people know about their status, while all the rest continue to be a potential source of the spread of this terrible infection.

scholarly journals What is the Real Prevalence of HIV-Infection in Saudi Arabia?

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. IDRT.S5250
Author(s):  
Adel Alothman ◽  
Khalid Altalhi ◽  
Abdulrahman Al Saedy ◽  
Thamer Al Enazi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
World Health ◽  
National Program ◽  
The World ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) continues to be transmitted in the developing world. The World Health Organization (WHO) produces an annual report from the United Nations AIDS (UNAIDS) Epidemic Update declaring the new AIDS cases across the world. UNAIDS had to make an estimates from certain countries like Saudi Arabia (SA), due to the fact that there is no adequate reporting of AIDS cases to the WHO. In 2001, the Ministry of Health in SA had created the Saudi AIDS—National Program which became responsible for counting old and new HIV-infection in Saudis and non-Saudis cases and produce an annual report in SA. Data collection shows that obtaining number of AIDS from Saudi—National Program would be more accurate than UNAIDS estimate in SA.

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