scholarly journals The Epidemiology of the AIDS Pandemic

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Connor Baucom ◽  
Jeremy Bate ◽  
Shirley Ochoa ◽  
Ilidio Santos ◽  
Ayten Sergios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
World Health ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a bloodborne pathogen that targets the body’s immune system by attacking T cells. Having originated from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, the first confirmed case was discovered in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In the 1980s, the AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) pandemic began, and by the end of that decade, the World Health Organization reported the presence of HIV in 145 countries and nearly 400,000 cases worldwide. This rapid spread left the scientific community perplexed, and the general population scared. Our literature review explores which factors led to the rapid global spread of HIV. Through historical records and peer-reviewed articles, we sought to uncover and piece together practical applications to enhance understanding of the history and knowledge of potential dangers in the spread of future pandemics.

scholarly journals A Tribute to Jonathan Mann: Health and Human Rights in the AIDS Pandemic

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence O. Gostin
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health And Human Rights ◽  
International Program ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

It was a characteristically cold, bright morning in Geneva in 1986, and I had just taken the Number 8 bus from the Cornavin to the headquarters of the World Health Organization (WHO). I wandered into a cluttered and cramped office filled with unopened boxes and scattered papers. Jonathan Mann and a competent Swiss secretary, Edith Bernard, had just moved in. Together, they alone constituted the WHO team that would mobilize the global effort against an emerging plague-the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Jonathan had recently come from Kinshasa where he led Projet SIDA, an innovative international program to reduce the already weighty burden of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Africa.

scholarly journals Literasi Penyakit HIV-AIDS pada Siswa Madrasah Tsanawiah Negeri 1 Garut

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dadang Purnama ◽  
Witdiawati W
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nations Programme ◽  
United Nations Programme ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstrak Penyakit AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) merupakan salah satu penyakit yang mengakibatkan kematian di dunia. Menurut UNAIDS (United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS) dan WHO (World Health Organization), AIDS telah mengakibatkan kematian lebih dari 25 juta jiwa sejak pertama kali diakui tahun 1981, (Kent.et.al, 2010). Saat ini penularan HIV/AIDS di Kabupaten Garut telah mengalami pergeseran yang sebelumnya penyakit ini ditularkan melalui pengguna narkoba suntik sekarang berubah penularan melalui pasangan suami istri khususnya pada istri. Mengingat untuk HIV dan AIDS merupakan fenomena “gunung es” bahwa kasus yang terdata hanya cerminan sedikit kasus yang sebenarnya ada di masyarakat. Secara teori adanya 1 kasus HIV dan AIDS yang ada terdeteksi, kasus yang sebenarnya ada di masyarakat adalah 100 kasus. Metode yang digunakan dalam Kegiatan ini tujuannya adalah, memberikan informasi mengapa HIV-AIDS perlu mendapat perhatian khusus, serta bagaimana gejala-gejalanya karena HIV-AIDS adalah penyakit yang sampai saat ini belum ada obat untuk menanggulanginya dan hanya dapat dilakukan pencegahan.Tahapan selanjutnya Pelaksanaan Pre Test, Kegiatan ini dilakukan untuk menggali sejauh mana pengetahuan dan pemahaman para siswa mengenai penyakit HIV/AIDS dengan memberikan pertanyaan secara tertulis yang berhubungan dengan penyakit HIV/AIDS (soal pertanyaan pre test terlampir). Hasil yang didapat pada pre test menunjukan secara keseluruhan pertanyaan yang diajukan, para siswa hanya bisa menjawab dan memahami tentang materi penyakit HIV/AIDS sebesar 24%. Post test dilakukan setelah penyuluhan berakhir untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan dan pemahaman siswa terhadap materi yang sudah diberikan. Adapun hasil post test menunjukan adanya peningkatan pemahaman tentang penyakit HIV/AIDS yang dibandingkan dengan hasil pre test yaitu sebesar 80% dari soal yang ditanyakan kepada para siswa.Penguatan keterampilan individu (Personnal Skill), dalam mewujudkan kesehatan secara keseluruhan, ketrampilan individu mutlak diperlukan, dalam hal ini siswa Madrasah Tsanawiah Negeri 1 Kabupaten Garut, untuk belajar melalui kehidupan dalam menyiapkan diri mereka untuk semua tingkatannya dan untuk menangani penyakit dan kecelakaan sangatlah penting.

scholarly journals Kaposi Sarcoma among HIV Infected Patients in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria: A 14-Year Retrospective Clinicopathological Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olakanmi Akinde ◽  
Omobolade Obadofin ◽  
Titilope Adeyemo ◽  
Oladipo Omoseebi ◽  
Nzechukwu Ikeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background.Despite the increased incidence of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) resulting from the Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic, there is still significant underreporting of KS in this environment.Objectives.This study was aimed at determining the incidence and clinicopathologic patterns of KS among HIV infected patients in Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Nigeria, over a 14-year period: January 2000 to December 2013.Methodology.The materials for this study included patients’ hospital clinical files, duplicate copies of histopathologic reports, and tissue blocks and corresponding archival slides in the Anatomic and Molecular Pathology Department and the HIV/AIDS unit of the Department of Haematology.Results.Within the study period, 182 cases of KS were diagnosed, accounting for 1.2% of all patients managed for HIV/AIDS and 2.99% of solid malignant tumours. The male-to-female ratio and modal age group were 1 : 1.3 and 5th decade, respectively. Most cases (90%) had purely mucocutaneous involvement with the lower limb being the commonest site (65.8%). The majority of lesions were plaques (65.8%). Vascular formation was the predominant histologic type seen (43.5%).Conclusion.KS in Lagos followed the same epidemiologic trend as other centers in Nigeria, with an increasing incidence in this era of HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals Lectins as Promising Therapeutics for the Prevention and Treatment of HIV and Other Potential Coinfections

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Mazalovska ◽  
J. Calvin Kouokam
Keyword(s):  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Global Health Problem

Human immunodeficiency virus-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) remains a global health problem. Current therapeutics specifically target the viral pathogen at various stages of its life cycle, although complex interactions between HIV and other pathogenic organisms are evident. Targeting HIV and concomitant infectious pathogens simultaneously, both by therapeutic regimens and in prevention strategies, would help contain the AIDS pandemic. Lectins, a ubiquitous group of proteins that specifically bind glycosylated molecules, are interesting compounds that could be used for this purpose, with demonstrated anti-HIV properties. In addition, potential coinfecting pathogens, including other enveloped viruses, bacteria, yeasts and fungi, and protozoa, display sugar-coated macromolecules on their surfaces, making them potential targets of lectins. This review summarizes the currently available findings suggesting that lectins should be further developed to simultaneously fight the AIDS pandemic and concomitant infections in HIV infected individuals.

scholarly journals MECHANISM OF HIV PENETRATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
G.I. Mavrov ◽  
Y.V. Scherbakova ◽  
K. Ye. Ishcheikin ◽  
V.I. Kameniev ◽  
Ya. A. Yemchenko
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Prevention of human immunodeficiency virus transmission through intercourse consists in combining highly effective biomedical, behavioural, and structural interventions. The purpose of this review was to summarize our own and global studies on the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus through the mucous membranes of the genital organs. Global reports of the United Nations agency on the fight against acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, statistical reports of individual countries (in particular, Ukraine), materials of the World Health Organization for the period from 2000 to 2018 were analyzed. Improving and implementing measures to prevent the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus are extremely necessary to halt the global epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and to finally overcome it. Studies on animal models and the investigation of acute infection pathogenesis in humans have revealed vulnerabilities in the behaviour of the virus during penetration through the mucous membrane of the genital organs in the very early stages of infection. The data obtained open up new directions for the use of prophylactic vaccines and antiretroviral drugs to prevent the development of systemic infection, with the depletion of CD4 T cells. These studies enabled us to conclude that prevention strategies should target the earliest stages of infection for the following reasons: the vulnerability of the virus, which at an early stage is located in small populations of the founding cells at the site of entry for the infection; in order to develop as a systemic infection, the local spread of the virus is first necessary; the adverse effects that develop rapidly are associated only with a systemic infection. Thus, in near future, the effectiveness of the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus transmitted through sexual intercourse will depend on the solution of scientific and practical issues of immunology.

scholarly journals Challenges and Strategies during Pandemic : An Indian Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
USHA RANA
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Human Community ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

The world history has been witnessed of number of pandemics including Russian flu in 1889, Spanish flu in 1918, Asian flu in 1957, HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) in 1981, and SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) in 2003. Now, the human community is struggling against transmitting disease called COVID-19 (coronavirus disease). Many countries, including China, Italy, the United States of America, Spain, France and Iran, etc. experienced catastrophic COVID-19 attack and lost the lives of their many citizens. India, the world's second-largest population, has not yet experienced the outbreak of corona disease on a community level, but India is most likely to be affected. This paper presents a countryside discussion on the process and importance of a quick response of India as a remedy against COVID-19. This paper is based on secondary data from various resources of world health organization (WHO), the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India and other research documents. The analysis demonstrates the decline in the percent of COVID-19 infected people after proper social distancing implementation among the human community.

scholarly journals What is the Real Prevalence of HIV-Infection in Saudi Arabia?

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. IDRT.S5250
Author(s):  
Adel Alothman ◽  
Khalid Altalhi ◽  
Abdulrahman Al Saedy ◽  
Thamer Al Enazi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
World Health ◽  
National Program ◽  
The World ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) continues to be transmitted in the developing world. The World Health Organization (WHO) produces an annual report from the United Nations AIDS (UNAIDS) Epidemic Update declaring the new AIDS cases across the world. UNAIDS had to make an estimates from certain countries like Saudi Arabia (SA), due to the fact that there is no adequate reporting of AIDS cases to the WHO. In 2001, the Ministry of Health in SA had created the Saudi AIDS—National Program which became responsible for counting old and new HIV-infection in Saudis and non-Saudis cases and produce an annual report in SA. Data collection shows that obtaining number of AIDS from Saudi—National Program would be more accurate than UNAIDS estimate in SA.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document