Light Reflected from Colored Mulches to Growing Turnip Leaves Affects Glucosinolate and Sugar Contents of Edible Roots

1996 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
George F. Antonious ◽  
Michael J. Kasperbauer ◽  
Matthew E. Byers
Keyword(s):  
Edible Roots ◽  
Turnip Leaves

Relevant issues of land reclamation development in Non-black Earth area

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Aleksey Ivanov ◽  
Yuri Yanko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Edible Roots ◽  
Social Economic Development

Current situation and agricultural management on the non-black earth area of Russia arebeing gradually worsen by the negative natural factors such as a significant increase of weather based climatic abnormal risks, deterioration of agro-meliorative conditions of agricultural lands because of colonization by tree and shrubbery vegetation and secondary bog formation, hidden degradation of soil fertility. When combined with functional loss of ameliorative complex and meliorative systems amortization, regional agriculture adaptation possibilities were rapidly limited. Production shortfall due no abnormal weather conditions for particular field crops was 19…48% during last five years, level of business realization of bioclimatic potential on a field was decreased by 7…12%.The complete realization of regional agricultural adaptive potential to weather based climatic changes and limitation of greenhouse gases emissions is possible on a basis of regeneration ofalll functions and aspects of ameliorative complex management. Toward this goal the coordinated actions of federal and regional management of Agricultural Complex, Scientific and Educational institutions, project foundations and managers are needed in a relation to human resources, scientific and regulatory supply. Any incomplete treatment in these fields inherent in visual negative consequences for food security and social economic development of rural areas of non-black earth zones not only at the current historical moment, but in a future also. Fundamental influence of solving of these problems deserves to scientific supply of innovative ameliorative complex, renewal of which should be based on principals of resources and energy preservation, nature management, computerization and digitalization management. During a long term research it was established that increase of average vegetation period temperature by lоСhas increased productivity of winter wheat, barley and summer wheat in average on 0,7 tons per ha, winter wheat and oat on 0,4 tons per ha, potatoes – 8,2 tons per ha, edible roots-6,4 tons per ha, cabbage 9,8 tons per ha, dry basis of herbage of multi and one age grasses–0,5 and 0,7 tons per ha. Increase of СО2 Concentration from 0,35 to 0,45% during last twenty years contributed into grow of yield in regional agriculture which can be estimated as 0,3 tons per ha per measure; searching remedy for agroclimatical risks decreasing production became drainage and irrigation systems (decrease 3…5 times);new method of reclamation of abandoned areas with transformation of biomass of tree and shrubbery vegetation into biochar makes it possible to decrease СО2 emissions up to times and get an adverse balance of СО2;secondary reclamation of lands covered by trees and shrubbery on area of 22ha used for vegetables and area of 37ha used for forage crops could supply a farmer with work and revenue sufficient for maintenance of one child what is on the major facts of population declaim in rural areas.

scholarly journals Expression of the gum Operon Directing Xanthan Biosynthesis in Xanthomonas campestris and Its Regulation In Planta

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 768-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian A. Vojnov ◽  
Holly Slater ◽  
Michael J. Daniels ◽  
J. Maxwell Dow
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Glucuronidase Activity ◽  
Gum Gene Cluster ◽  
Diffusible Signal Factor ◽  
Turnip Leaves

The gum gene cluster of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris comprises 12 genes whose products are involved in the biosynthesis of the extracellular polysaccharide xanthan. These genes are expressed primarily as an operon from a promoter upstream of the first gene, gumB. Although the regulation of xanthan synthesis in vitro has been well studied, nothing is known of its regulation in planta. A reporter plasmid was constructed in which the promoter region of the gum operon was fused to gusA. In liquid cultures, the expression of the gumgusA reporter was correlated closely with the production of xanthan, although a low basal level of β-glucuronidase activity was seen in the absence of added carbon sources when xanthan production was very low. The expression of the gumgusA fusion also was subject to positive regulation by rpfF, which is responsible for the synthesis of the diffusible signal factor (DSF). The expression of the gumgusA fusion in bacteria recovered from inoculated turnip leaves was maximal at the later phases of growth and was subject to regulation by rpfF. These results provide indirect support for the operation of the DSF regulatory system in bacteria in planta.

N!ow

Africa ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna Marshall
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Kalahari Desert ◽  
South West ◽  
Run Off ◽  
South West Africa ◽  
Edible Roots ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Covering Vegetation

Opening ParagraphN!ow is a belief concerning rain and cold which is held by the !Kung Bushmen in the region around Nyae Nyae in South West Africa.About ten inches of rain falls in an average year in this part of the Kalahari Desert and sinks into the deep sands. There is no run-off in streams and there are few water holes. The rain is sufficient to support a covering vegetation of grass, shrubs, and scrubby trees. The vegetation includes numerous edible roots, tubers, leaves, fruits, and nuts, for which the Afrikaans language provides the convenient word veldkos.

scholarly journals Chemical Forms and Levels of Calcium in Turnip Leaves in Relation to Harvest Time and Growing Temperature

2003 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Hayashida ◽  
Yasushi Shibato ◽  
Takefumi Ogata ◽  
Yuji Hamachi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Turnip Leaves

scholarly journals Report of Bacterial Leaf Spot on Collards and Turnip Leaves in Ohio

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Lewis Ivey ◽  
S. Wright ◽  
S. A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Spot ◽  
Turnip Leaves ◽  
Negative Controls

In 2000, circular water-soaked lesions typical of bacterial leaf spot were observed on leaves of collards (Brassica oleracea L. var. viridis) throughout commercial fields in northwest Ohio. Light brown, rectangular, water-soaked lesions were observed on turnip leaves (Brassica rapa L.). Bacterial streaming from lesions on both crops was observed microscopically. Cream colored, fluorescent colonies were isolated from diseased tissues on Pseudomonas F medium, and eight representative colonies (four from collards and four from turnip) were selected and purified. Fatty acid methyl ester analysis was performed on all of the isolates. Two from collards and two from turnip were identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (mean similarity index = 0.82 [MIDI Inc., Newark, DE]). DNA extracts from pure cultures of the P. syringae pv. maculicola strains were used as template in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with primers derived from the region of the coronatine gene cluster controlling synthesis of the coronafacic acid moiety found in P. syringae pv. tomato and P. syringae pv. maculicola (CorR and CorF2) (D. Cuppels, personal communication). DNA from P. syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 and P. syringae pv. maculicola strain 88–10 (2) served as positive controls, while water and DNA from Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria strain Xcv 767 were used as negative controls. The expected 0.65-kb PCR product was amplified from three of four strains (two from turnip and one from collards) and the positive control DNA, but not from the negative controls. Pathogenicity tests were performed twice on 6-week-old turnip (‘Forage Star’, ‘Turnip Topper’, ‘Turnip Alamo’, ‘Turnip 7’), collard (‘Champion’) and mustard (Brassica juncea L. ‘Southern Giant Curl’) seedlings using the three PCR-positive strains. Premisted seedlings were spray-inoculated separately with each of the three strains (2 × 108 CFU/ml, 5 ml per plant) and a water control. Greenhouse temperatures were maintained at 20 ± 1°C. For both tests, all strains caused characteristic lesions on all of the crucifer cultivars within 5 days after inoculation; the control plants did not develop symptoms. To satisfy Koch's postulates, one of the turnip strains was reisolated from ‘Turnip Topper’ plants, and the collard strain was reisolated from ‘Champion’ plants. The three original and two reisolated strains induced a hypersensitive response in Mirabilis jalapa L. and Nicotiana tabacum L. var. xanthia plants 24 h after inoculation with a bacterial suspension (1 × 108 CFU/ml). The original and reisolated strains were compared using rep-PCR with the primer BOXA1R (1). The DNA fingerprints of the reisolated strains were identical to those of the original strains. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bacterial leaf spot on commercially grown collards and turnip greens in Ohio. References: (1) B. Martin et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 20:3479, 1992. (2) R. A. Moore et al. Can. J. Microbiol. 35:910, 1989.

scholarly journals Gastro-duodenal protective effect of aqueous leaf extract of Daucuscarota sativus Linn. (Apiaceae) in rats and its possible mechanism of action

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Esther Oluwatoyin Agbaje ◽  
◽  
Muyiwa Samuel Fageyinbo ◽  
Olaitan Oladele Alabi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Cytoprotective Effect ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Duodenal Ulcers ◽  
Scavenging Effect ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Edible Roots

Background: Daucuscarota sativus L. (Apiaceae) commonly known as ‘carrot’ is a multipurpose herb cultivated in different parts of the world for its edible roots, juice, oils and leaves. Carrot root as well as its leaves has been credited with many medicinal properties, including cleansing of the intestine and maintenance of acid-alkaline balance in the body. Carrot leaves also known as carrot tops or carrot greens have been used locally as a decoction for healing mouth sores, and in some cases, mixed with honey to clean festering wounds. The present study was therefore designed to evaluate the possible gastro-duodenal protective property of Daucuscarota sativus (DCS) aqueous leaf extract on laboratory-induced ulcers. Aqueous leaf extract prepared by maceration was orally administered one hour before ulcerogens in doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg to groups of randomized adult rats of both sexes. Gastric ulcers were induced using pyloric ligation, methyleneblue, and acetic acid, while cysteamine, and indomethacin-histamine were separately employed for induction of duodenal ulcers in the animals. Positive controls were given standard drugs appropriate for each experimental model. Phytochemical screening of the freshly prepared extract was also carried out, as well as evaluating its antioxidant activity. In each of the models, the aqueous leaf extract of DCS showed a significant (p<0.05-0.001) dose-independent protection against peptic ulcer. The effects produced by the aqueous leaf extract of DCS were comparable to those of the standard drugs (omeprazole; 200 µg/kg, ranitidine; 50 mg/kg, and cimetidine; 50 mg/kg). Phytochemical analysis of the aqueous leaf extract of Daucuscarota sativus revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins, some of which have been reported to elicit cytoprotective effect. Antioxidant analysis showed significant scavenging effect of free radical using nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation and DPPH assay. The findings in this study suggest that the aqueous leaf extract of DCS possesses cytoprotective effect and also reduces secretion of secretagogues, thereby protecting against gastric and duodenal ulcers.

scholarly journals Mining for Candidate Genes Controlling Secondary Growth of the Carrot Storage Root

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4263
Author(s):  
Alicja Macko-Podgórni ◽  
Katarzyna Stelmach ◽  
Kornelia Kwolek ◽  
Gabriela Machaj ◽  
Shelby Ellison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
Edible Roots ◽  
Diverse Groups

Background: Diverse groups of carrot cultivars have been developed to meet consumer demands and industry needs. Varietal groups of the cultivated carrot are defined based on the shape of roots. However, little is known about the genetic basis of root shape determination. Methods: Here, we used 307 carrot plants from 103 open-pollinated cultivars for a genome wide association study to identify genomic regions associated with the storage root morphology. Results: A 180 kb-long region on carrot chromosome 1 explained 10% of the total observed phenotypic variance in the shoulder diameter. Within that region, DcDCAF1 and DcBTAF1 genes were proposed as candidates controlling secondary growth of the carrot storage root. Their expression profiles differed between the cultivated and the wild carrots, likely indicating that their elevated expression was required for the development of edible roots. They also showed higher expression at the secondary root growth stage in cultivars producing thick roots, as compared to those developing thin roots. Conclusions: We provided evidence for a likely involvement of DcDCAF1 and/or DcBTAF1 in the development of the carrot storage root and developed a genotyping assay facilitating the identification of variants in the region on carrot chromosome 1 associated with secondary growth of the carrot root.

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