scholarly journals Gastro-duodenal protective effect of aqueous leaf extract of Daucuscarota sativus Linn. (Apiaceae) in rats and its possible mechanism of action

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Esther Oluwatoyin Agbaje ◽  
◽  
Muyiwa Samuel Fageyinbo ◽  
Olaitan Oladele Alabi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Cytoprotective Effect ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Duodenal Ulcers ◽  
Scavenging Effect ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Edible Roots

Background: Daucuscarota sativus L. (Apiaceae) commonly known as ‘carrot’ is a multipurpose herb cultivated in different parts of the world for its edible roots, juice, oils and leaves. Carrot root as well as its leaves has been credited with many medicinal properties, including cleansing of the intestine and maintenance of acid-alkaline balance in the body. Carrot leaves also known as carrot tops or carrot greens have been used locally as a decoction for healing mouth sores, and in some cases, mixed with honey to clean festering wounds. The present study was therefore designed to evaluate the possible gastro-duodenal protective property of Daucuscarota sativus (DCS) aqueous leaf extract on laboratory-induced ulcers. Aqueous leaf extract prepared by maceration was orally administered one hour before ulcerogens in doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg to groups of randomized adult rats of both sexes. Gastric ulcers were induced using pyloric ligation, methyleneblue, and acetic acid, while cysteamine, and indomethacin-histamine were separately employed for induction of duodenal ulcers in the animals. Positive controls were given standard drugs appropriate for each experimental model. Phytochemical screening of the freshly prepared extract was also carried out, as well as evaluating its antioxidant activity. In each of the models, the aqueous leaf extract of DCS showed a significant (p<0.05-0.001) dose-independent protection against peptic ulcer. The effects produced by the aqueous leaf extract of DCS were comparable to those of the standard drugs (omeprazole; 200 µg/kg, ranitidine; 50 mg/kg, and cimetidine; 50 mg/kg). Phytochemical analysis of the aqueous leaf extract of Daucuscarota sativus revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins, some of which have been reported to elicit cytoprotective effect. Antioxidant analysis showed significant scavenging effect of free radical using nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation and DPPH assay. The findings in this study suggest that the aqueous leaf extract of DCS possesses cytoprotective effect and also reduces secretion of secretagogues, thereby protecting against gastric and duodenal ulcers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of qualitative phytochemicals and antifungal activity of aqueous leaf extract of Senna tora on downy mildew of cabbage

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
S.M. Zakari ◽  
A.A. Aliko ◽  
H Haruna ◽  
A Muazu
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

This study was embarked upon to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous extracts of Senna tora leaf against Perenospora parasitica, causing downy mildew on cabbage. Phytochemical analysis of the leaf extracts revealed the presence of some secondary metabolites (Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoid, Glycosides, Alkaloids, Phenolic compounds and Carbohydrates) which have been reported to have antimicrobial effects. Assays were performed using extract concentrations of 1000, 500, 250, 125 mg/ml by agar well diffusion technique. Results obtained, revealed a significant difference in diameter of mycelial zone of inhibition between the concentrations. Highest zone of inhibition was recorded at 1000 and 500 mg/ml (20 and 15 mm) respectively. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined and recorded at 250 mg/ml. The antifungal screening revealed that the extract exhibited inhibitory activities at varying concentrations against the downy mildew pathogen. These activities observed could be attributed to the presence of active metabolites contained in the extract.Keywords: Aqueous leaf extract, Downy mildew, Perenospora parasitica and Senna tora

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Oral Acute Toxicity Study of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Crinum giganteum (Gadalli) in Wister Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Elizabeth FB ◽  
Obikili E.N ◽  
Esom A. E ◽  
Anyanwu G.E
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity ◽  
Bioactive Agent

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Different parts of plants possess variable phytochemical compounds and LD<sub>50</sub>. <em>Crinum giganteum</em> (Gadalli) is one of the plants most commonly consumed in parts of Africa for its various medicinal values. Despite this popularity, the phytochemical screening and the toxicity of the leaf extracts were yet to be evaluated. This study was designed to identify    the bioactive agents and estimate the LD<sub>50</sub> for the aqueous leaf extract of gadalli. <strong>Method</strong>: Phytochemical screening was done using standard methods. Each bioactive agent and the LD<sub>50</sub> were estimated by Arithmetic methods of Karber. <strong>Results: </strong>Phytochemical analysis revealed high presence of alkaloids,  saponins, and slight presence of glycosides while the oral LD<sub>50 </sub>was found to be 200 mg/kg. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The major active ingredients of<strong> </strong>aqueous leaf extract of gadalli are alkaloids and saponins. It is observed to be unsafe at 200mg/kg and above.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Phytochemicals, <em>Crinum Giganteum</em>, LD<sub>50</sub>, Alkaloids, Saponins, Glycosides</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Study of the Protective Effects of Quince (Cydonia Oblonga) Leaf Extract on the Histologic Structure and Microscopic Indices of Spermatogenesis Following Induction of Diabetes in Adult Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Davoud Kianifard ◽  
Gholamreza Vafaei Saiah ◽  
Emad Khalilzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Natural Antioxidant ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cydonia Oblonga ◽  
Adult Rats

Various types of infertility are associated with uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Development of oxidative stress is one the most important factors in the alteration of spermatogenesis in diabetic conditions. Testicular tissue is one of the sensitive organs to environmental damages. Natural antioxidants are considered as preventive and therapeutic strategies in cases of diabetic side effects. Cydonia oblonga leaf extract contains natural antioxidant compounds. The flavonoid compounds of the quince have strong antioxidant and immune-regulatory effects. According to little data about the protective effects of cydonia oblonga leaf extract on the structural alterations of testicular tissue following induction of diabetes, in this study protective aspects of this extract on the diabetic reproductive alteration were evaluated. Cydonia oblonga leaf extract was gavaged in two doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg. The number of 56 adult rats were divided into seven groups consisted of control, extract treated control groups, diabetic, extract treated diabetic groups and metformin treated diabetic group. Eight weeks after induction of diabetes, the body and testicular weight were measured and microscopic and histomorphometric studies were done on tissue samples. In control groups, the administration of extract was not any effect on histomorphometric parameters. In extract treated diabetic groups, the mean of body weight, histologic parameters and spermatogenesis indices were improved in comparison to non-treated diabetic group. The results of this study showed that, natural antioxidant such as cydonia oblonga leaf extract in some degrees could be effective in reduction of hyperglycemic side effects on target organs.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective and Nephroprotective Potentials of Aqueous Leaves ExtractofLimoniaacidissimain Phenylhydrazine-Induced AnaemicWistar Rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Nwauche, K. T. ◽  
Anacletus, F. C ◽  
Ugwu, G. M
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Alanine Transaminase ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Vitamine B12 ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

Bioactive composition of Limoniaacidissima leaf and liver enzyme levels and kidney status ofphenlyhydrazine (phz)-induced anaemicwistar rats were investigated. A total of forty two (42) wistar rats weighing between 150-200g were used. The animals were randomly divided into seven (7) groups of six rats each. Folic acid and vitamin B12 were used as reference drugs. Aqueousextract of Limoniaacidissima leaves was administered to the rats for four (4) weeks period.Qualitative phytochemical analysis on the dry leaf samples revealed the presence of the following in low abundance: alkaloid, saponins, cardiac glycoside, steroids, phenols, terpenoids and proteins while flavonoids were in high abundance. A significant increase (p<0.05) was observed in the activities of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in thephenylhtdrazine-inducedanaemic non- treated groups in comparison to normal control. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in urea, creatinine, potassium and sodium levels in the phenylhydrazine-induced anemic non- treated rats compared to the normal control. The other groups treated with aqueous leaf extract of Limoniaacidissimasubsequently ameliorated these effects on the liver and kiney markers. Vitamine B12 and folic acid also reversed these effects on the liver enzymes and kiney markers.This outcome illustrates that the aqueous extract of the leaf of Limoniaacidissimapossess a protective potentials on the liver and kidney of phenylhydrazine- induced wistar rats.

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis, nutrients and mineral composition of Combretum platypterum Aqueous leaf extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1625-1630
Author(s):  
P.A. Obazelu ◽  
A. Aruomaren ◽  
E.E. Ugboaja
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

The Phytochemical, mineral and proximate evaluation of Combretum platypterum leaves were carried out because of its ethno medicinal uses. Aqueous leaf extract of the plant were analysed using standard methods. The phytochemical composition ( quantitative ) shows that it contains 1.344 ± 0.05% saponin, 0.957 ± 0.02% phenol, 0.533 ± 0.04% tannin, 0.527 ± 0.09% steroids, 0.356 ± 0.02% alkaloids, 0.0667 ± 0.01% flavonoids and 0.013 ± 0.02% glycoside. The proximate analysis of the leaves showed that Combretum platypterum is very rich in carbohydrates 46.56 ± 0.02%, proteins 28.44 ± 0.6, fats 10 ± 0.0 %, fibre 1.25 ± 0.0%, ash 9.5 ± 0.2%, and has a moisture content of 4.25 ± 0.3%. The minerals obtained includes; 18.4 ± 0.02 mg/kg phosphorous, 10 ± 0.1mg/kg magnesium, 5.3 ± 0.0mg/kg iron, 4.8 ± 0.2mg/kg calcium, 0.3 ± 0.0mg/kg sodium, 0.07 ± 0.0mg/kg zinc, 0.06 ± 0.02mg/kg manganese and 0.11 ± 0.0mg/kg copper. Combretum platypterum from this study, shows that it contains nutrients, rich in minerals and phytochemicals, which if processed adequately, will provide nutritional, chemo protective and medicinal benefits to users.

scholarly journals Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Jatropha tanjorensis on parasitaemia and haematological parameters in mice infected with Plasmodium ber ghei

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
L.N. Ebenyi ◽  
K.A. Yongabi ◽  
F.U. Ali ◽  
M.C. Ominyi ◽  
C.B. Anyanwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

Medicinal plants are proven sources of many useful drugs in our modern world. Jatropha tanjorensis, known as hospital too far, is consumed highly in Africa as herbal medicine. This research work was done to evaluate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Jatropha tanjorensis on parasitaemia and haematological parameters in mice infected with Plasmodium ber ghei. The leaves of J. tanjorensis were extracted with distilled water and qualitative phytochemical analysis carried out. Acute toxicity studies were carried out using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guideline. The curative activity of the extract was examined using Rane’s test. A total of forty (40) mice were used for the study and they were infected with Plasmodium berghei. The infected mice were subdivided into five groups of six mice each and treated with different doses of standard drug (artemether/lumefantrine 25mg/kg) and extract (200, 400 and 800mg/kg body weight) for 4 days. After treatment, blood was collected and used for percentage parasitaemia, packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration. The result of phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpe noids, cardiac glycosides and anthra quinones. The result of the acute toxicity showed the signs of neither neurological, behavioral nor mortality at concentrations of 2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg oral doses within the first 24 hours and during the 14 days study period. A dose- dependent increase was observed in Total haemoglobin (Hb) and Packed cell volume (PCV) levels which was collaborated with increase in weight as compared with negative control. The leaf extract of J. tanjorensis also revealed a significant (p<0.05) suppression activity and mean survival time at the doses of 400 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg when compared with the negative control. The extract of Jatropha tanjorensis showed reasonable levels of anti-anaemia and antimalarial activities with no signs of acute toxicity.  Therefore this study may support its use as an anti-prophylactic and blood tonic nutraceutical.

scholarly journals Activity of Tulsi leaves (Ocimum sanctum linn) in protecting gastric ulcer in rats by cold restrain method

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 2343
Author(s):  
Ayesha Vaseem ◽  
Mazher Ali ◽  
Khuteja Afshan
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mucosal Injury ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Pre Treatment

Background: Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.) common household plant, a potent adaptogen has been used for its medicinal property for many years. It is known in Ayurveda as Incomparable one, Mother of medicine of Nature and The Queen of Herbs. The present study evaluated the stress induced anti-ulcer effect of tulsi leaves in albino rats.Methods: Albino rats were randomly, allocated to different experimental groups and aqueous leaf extract of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) is given for 7 days. Gastric ulcers were induced by cold restrain methods and results were compared with control using distilled water and standard drug Ranitidine.Results: The Anti-ulcer effect of aqueous extract of Tulsi was significant in a dose dependent manner with cold restraint model. The percentage of ulcer protection of Tulsi leaf extract at dose 100mg/kg is 68.85% and at dose of 200mg/kg showed 65.66% and the standard drug Ranitidine showed 78.23% ulcer protection which is significant (p <0.05).Conclusions: The study showed that when Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) is given at dose 100-200mg/kg for 7 days i.e., pre-treatment in rats for anti-ulcer effect, it caused a significant reduction in the ulcer scores and ulcer index when compared with control group, as evidenced by the gross appearance and histological findings of gastric mucosa in rats. There were few signs of mucosal injury and the percentage of damage was less compared to control group. Serosal surface revealed very few dilated blood vessels and petechial hemorrhages and mucosal surface had few ulcers of varying sizes.

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