Factors affecting self-care activities, postprandial plasma glucose and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes

Introduction: Structured diabetes education is a key element in the management of type 2 diabetes, but this is challenging to deliver in settings where resources are limited.Methods: We conducted a randomised evaluation of a single 90-minute session of structured diabetes education added to the local standard of diabetes care compared with a control group (standard diabetes care only) in 150 patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes in Nepal. The level of knowledge about diabetes was low.Results: Follow-up 6 months after the intervention showed that the reduction in mean (SD) fasting plasma glucose was significantly larger in the education group (from 8.6 (2.9) mmol/L to 6.7 (1.2) mmol/L) compared with the control group (from 8.1 (1.8) mmol/L to 7.0 (1.8) mmol/L) (p=0.029 for comparison between groups). A significant reduction in postprandial plasma glucose also occurred in the education group (from 11.7 (3.7) mmol/L to 8.3 (1.2) mmol/L) compared with the control group (from 11.5 (4.0) mmol/L to 9.7 (2.3) mmol/L) (p=0.005 between groups). A trend to reduced HbA1c was seen for the education versus the control group at 6 months (p=0.06). There were no significant changes in lipids or blood pressure. Overall energy intake and the proportion of energy intake from fat was lower at 6 months compared with baseline for the education group but not for the control group, although there were no significant changes in anthropometric parameters.Conclusion: Our results suggest that a single session of structured diabetes education may provide glycaemic benefits in newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients, and that this may be a pragmatic means of improving diabetes self-care in resource-limited countries such as Nepal.

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Randomized, Double-Blinded, Double-Dummy, Active-Controlled, and Multiple-Dose Clinical Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Mulberry Twig (Ramulus Mori, Sangzhi) Alkaloid Tablet and Acarbose in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2016/7121356 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mengyi Li ◽

Xuemin Huang ◽

Hui Ye ◽

Yao Chen ◽

Jing Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Clinical Trial ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Fasting Plasma ◽

Significant Difference

Aims. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mulberry twig alkaloid (SZ-A) tablet compared with acarbose in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods. This clinical trial enrolled 38 patients who were randomized into two groups (SZ-A: 23; acarbose: 15) and were treated for 24 weeks. Patients and clinical trial staffs were masked to treatment assignment throughout the study. The primary outcome measures were glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and 1-hour and 2-hour postprandial and fasting plasma glucose levels from baseline to the end of treatment. Analysis included all patients who completed this study.Results. By the end of this study, HbA1c level in SZ-A group was decreased from baseline significantly (P<0.001). No significant difference was found when compared with acarbose group (P=0.652). Similarly, 1-hour and 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose levels in SZ-A group were decreased from baseline statistically (P<0.05), without any significant differences compared with acarbose group (P=0.748and 0.558, resp.). The fasting plasma glucose levels were not significantly changed in both groups. One of 23 patients in SZ-A group (4.76%) and 5 of 15 patients in acarbose group (33.33%) suffered from gastrointestinal adverse events.Conclusions. Compared with acarbose, SZ-A tablet was effective and safe in glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

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Acute Effects of Morning Light on Plasma Glucose and Triglycerides in Healthy Men and Men with Type 2 Diabetes

Journal of Biological Rhythms ◽

10.1177/0748730417693480 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 130-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Ruth I. Versteeg ◽

Dirk J. Stenvers ◽

Dana Visintainer ◽

Andre Linnenbank ◽

Michael W. Tanck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Light Intensity ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Bright Light ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Ambient Light ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽

Glucose Levels

Ambient light intensity is signaled directly to hypothalamic areas that regulate energy metabolism. Observational studies have shown associations between ambient light intensity and plasma glucose and lipid levels, but human data on the acute metabolic effects of light are scarce. Since light is the main signal indicating the onset of the diurnal phase of physical activity and food intake in humans, we hypothesized that bright light would affect glucose and lipid metabolism. Therefore, we determined the acute effects of bright light on plasma glucose and lipid concentrations in 2 randomized crossover trials: (1) in 8 healthy lean men and (2) in 8 obese men with type 2 diabetes. From 0730 h, subjects were exposed to either bright light (4000 lux) or dim light (10 lux) for 5 h. After 1 h of light exposure, subjects consumed a 600-kcal mixed meal. Primary endpoints were fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels. In healthy men, bright light did not affect fasting or postprandial plasma glucose levels. However, bright light increased fasting and postprandial plasma triglycerides. In men with type 2 diabetes, bright light increased fasting and postprandial glucose levels. In men with type 2 diabetes, bright light did not affect fasting triglyceride levels but increased postprandial triglyceride levels. We show that ambient light intensity acutely affects human plasma glucose and triglyceride levels. Our findings warrant further research into the consequences of the metabolic effects of light for the diagnosis and prevention of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia.

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Non-obese population with the rs7903146 T allele exhibits higher sugar and more dyslipidaemia in subjects with Type-2-diabetes

10.1101/2020.09.09.20186791 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Shaibu ◽

Ishaya Yohanna Longdet ◽

Carrol Domkat Luka ◽

Jesse Fanen Ortswen ◽

Gloria Eleojo Eneojoabah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Plasma Glucose Level ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

C Peptide ◽

Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽

Obese Population

Type 2 diabetes (T2D), the most prevalent type of diabetes has been associated with Transcription-Factor-7-Like-2 gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), rs12255372 and rs7903146 as risk factors, thought to be modulated by obesity status. In sub-Saharan Africa, the onset of T2D in the non-obese is rarely suspected. This study looks into the genetics and the biochemical parameters in non-obese population, with and without T2D and living in Jos, Nigeria. A total of 68 subjects, 40 diabetic patients and 28 healthy control group, all with closely matched age, height, nutrition, family history, Body Mass Index and socioeconomic status, recruited from within the same population were studied. SNPs Genotyping were performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction and Sangers Sequencing. Lipid profiles, Fasting Blood Sugar and C-peptide levels were measured and analysed alongside with demographic data from questionnaire. Odd-ratio at 95% confidence interval at a conventional level of alpha, <0.05 and Product Moment Correlation Coefficient Analysis were used to analyse the data in both groups. The entire population showed the GG genotype for the rs12255372. However, different genotype combination, CC, CT and TT were observed with the rs7903146. Though no significant association was observed between the genotypes and the odd of T2D, healthy subjects with the T allele showed a higher level of two hours postprandial plasma glucose level than those with CC genotype. Patients with T allele shows a more abnormal level of diabetes metabolic syndrome indicators such as Fasting Blood Sugar; two hours postprandial plasma glucose level; C-peptide; Low Density Lipoprotein, High Density Lipoprotein and Total Cholesterol. The study suggests that lower sugar metabolism and more dyslipidaemia are observed in subject with T allele. Hence, this could constitute poorer prognosis and a risk factor for non-obese population, particularly with high carbohydrate intake.

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