Levosimendan differentially modulates electrophysiological activities of sinoatrial nodes, pulmonary veins, and the left and right atria

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1150-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Kuo Lin ◽  
Yao-Chang Chen ◽  
Yi-Ann Chen ◽  
Jen-Hung Huang ◽  
Shih-Ann Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Sinoatrial Nodes ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Right Atria

Transoesophageal: Chambers and vessels

2020 ◽  
pp. 493-542
Keyword(s):  
Left Atrial ◽  
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Transoesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Pleural Space ◽  
Intramural Haematoma ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Aortic Transection ◽  
And Function ◽  
Right Atria

This chapter covers the chambers and vessels in transoesophageal echocardiography. It includes the left and right ventricles (size, mass, and function); the left and right atria, including the left atrial appendage; the pulmonary veins; the coronary sinus; the interatrial and interventricular septa; the pericardium and pericardial effusion; cardiac tamponade; the aorta (size, atherosclerosis, and dissection); intramural haematoma; aortic transection; thoracic aortic aneurysm; masses; pleural space and lungs; and implanted devices.

A method to study pulmonary vascular response in the conscious newborn piglet

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. Coe ◽  
P. M. Olley ◽  
F. Hamilton ◽  
T. Vanhelder ◽  
F. Coceani
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Newborn Piglet ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Neck Vessels ◽  
Chronic Cannulation ◽  
Right Atria

New methods for chronic instrumentation of the newborn piglet are described, which allow continuous monitoring of not only pressures in the pulmonary artery and aorta but also in the left and right atria, pulmonary vein, as well as main branch pulmonary artery flows. Changes in pulmonary vascular tone to short-acting vasoactive agents can be recognized by redistribution of flow between lungs and localized to the precapillary vessels or pulmonary veins. Furthermore, vasoactive response in small pulmonary veins may be investigated as well as selective metabolic studies across the right lung. Methods are also described for the chronic cannulation of the neck vessels permitting repeated introduction of catheters on separate study days in the conscious piglet. The pulmonary circulation of the piglet constricts briskly to moderate hypoxemia ([Formula: see text], 1 Torr = 133.32 Pa) with little change in cardiac output or systemic resistance. The piglet demonstrated responses to dilator and constrictor prostaglandins generally similar to the lambs and other species. None of these agents significantly affect pulmonary venous tone.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic uniqueness and commonality of the ion channels and transporters in the four heart chambers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanda Iacobas ◽  
Bogdan Amuzescu ◽  
Dumitru A. Iacobas
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Expression Control ◽  
Gene Expression Control ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Phase Out ◽  
Right Atria ◽  
Agilent Microarrays

AbstractMyocardium transcriptomes of left and right atria and ventricles from four adult male C57Bl/6j mice were profiled with Agilent microarrays to identify the differences responsible for the distinct functional roles of the four heart chambers. Female mice were not investigated owing to their transcriptome dependence on the estrous cycle phase. Out of the quantified 16,886 unigenes, 15.76% on the left side and 16.5% on the right side exhibited differential expression between the atrium and the ventricle, while 5.8% of genes were differently expressed between the two atria and only 1.2% between the two ventricles. The study revealed also chamber differences in gene expression control and coordination. We analyzed ion channels and transporters, and genes within the cardiac muscle contraction, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, calcium and adrenergic signaling pathways. Interestingly, while expression of Ank2 oscillates in phase with all 27 quantified binding partners in the left ventricle, the percentage of in-phase oscillating partners of Ank2 is 15% and 37% in the left and right atria and 74% in the right ventricle. The analysis indicated high interventricular synchrony of the ion channels expressions and the substantially lower synchrony between the two atria and between the atrium and the ventricle from the same side.

scholarly journals Cholinesterase activity of left and right atria of the rabbit's heart

1954 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Briscoe
Keyword(s):  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Right Atria

Study of the Characteristics of the Pulmonary Vein and Superior Vena Cava of Rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-122
Author(s):  
Pan Wang ◽  
Xin-Chun Yang ◽  
Xiu-Lan Liu ◽  
Rong-Feng Bao ◽  
Huai-Yu Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Refractory Period ◽  
Potassium Current ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Current Intensity ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Right Atria

Background: This study aims to (1) investigate the characteristics of the action potential and triggering activity of cardiomyocytes in the pulmonary vein (PV) and superior vena cava (SVC) of rabbits and (2) study the features of cation currents in cardiomyocytes in rabbit PV and SVC-inward rectifier potassium current (IK1), transient outward potassium current (Ito), and non-selective cation currents (INSCC). Methods: The standard glass microelectrode and whole-cell patch-clamp techniques were used to record the action potential and various currents in the above cells. Results: (1) Cardiomyocytes in either PV or SVC had longer action potential durations than in the adjacent atrium, and spontaneous early after depolarization (EAD) could occur in both PV and SVC under normal physiological conditions. (2) The action potential in PV cardiomyocytes had a relative refractory period but did not have an absolute refractory period, and this characteristic enabled a premature beat that triggered a second plateau response, which led to EAD. (3) INSCC was found for the first time in the PV, SVC, and atria. (4) The current intensity of IK1, Ito, and INSCC was significantly lower in the PV and SVC than in the left and right atria, and the difference in the current intensity in INSCC could influence the action potential. Conclusions: PV and SVC can both initiate and maintain AF, but PV is the primary ectopic foci in initiating AF. The present study found that the second plateau response was easily induced in cardiomyocytes in PA shortly after depolarization. This was a specific characteristic of the action potential of PV. In addition, we preliminarily analyzed the differences in the main outward currents and noted a voltage-dependent INSCC in both PV and SVC rabbits’ cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the current intensities of IK1, Ito, and INSCC were significantly lower in the PV and SVC than in the left and right atria, and the difference in the current intensity of INSCC influenced the action potential. The different permeability of INSCC for cations at different phases may play a role in inducing EAD.

scholarly journals Gross Anatomy of the Heart of Mature Philippine Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Marjorie Maguigad ◽  
◽  
Errol Jay Balagan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Aortic Valves ◽  
Ligamentum Arteriosum ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean

The gross morphology of the heart of mature Philippine water buffalo was described by determining the weight, length, width and circumference; measured the average external circumference of the pulmonary veins and artery, cranial and caudal vena cava and the aorta; determined the presence and location of ligamentum arteriosum; measured the thickness of the atrial and ventricular wall; described the components of the left and right atrioventricular valves, pulmonary valves and the aortic valves; determined the location and measured the length of trabeculae septomarginalis and determined the location of the os cordis. Hearts of ten mature Philippine water buffalo of both sexes were collected from abattoirs of Cabanatuan City. The absolute and relative weights of the heart were measured using digital weighing scale. Different dimensions like circumferences, length, and width of the heart; the external circumferences of major blood vessels; and the thickness of the wall of heart were determined using measuring tape and Vernier caliper. The number of cusps present in the left and right atrioventricular, pulmonary, and aortic valves was counted and the presence of ligamentum arteriosum was documented. Radiograph was used to determine the presence and location of os cordis. All of the hearts studied were pointed and bilaterally flattened. The base of the heart is markedly surrounded with fatty tissues. The mean absolute weight is 2.42 kg. The heart has a mean dimension of 21.71 cm x 17.49 cm. The mean circumference at the level of the coronary groove, middle and apex were 48.41 cm, 44.10 cm and 20.57 cm, respectively. An average of four pulmonary veins was documented to be present. The right ventricle has a constant three papillary muscles and three cusps while the left ventricle has a constant two papillary muscles and two cusps. The number of cusps of both pulmonary valve and aortic valve was three. Ligamentum arteriosum was present in all samples and it is located between the pulmonary trunk and aorta. The os cordis which is located at the aortic fibrous ring is present in all heart of Philippine water buffalo examined.

Left and Right Atria

2012 ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Luigi Tritapepe ◽  
Francesca Pompei ◽  
Claudio Di Giovanni
Keyword(s):  
Left And Right ◽  
Right Atria

Atrial function discriminates paroxysmal AF patients with HFpEF from those without HFpEF: subanalysis from AF-RISK study

EP Europace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Artola ◽  
B Santema ◽  
R De With ◽  
B Nguyen ◽  
D Linz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Atrial Function ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Right Atria

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie. Grant support from the Dutch Heart Foundation [NHS2010B233] Background. Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are two cardiovascular conditions that often coexist. Overlapping symptoms, biomarker profile, and echocardiographic changes hinder the diagnosis of underlying HFpEF in patients with AF and suggest that both conditions might reflect similar remodelling processes in the heart. Purpose. To assess cardiac remodelling in AF patients with versus without concomitant HFpEF by transthoracic echocardiography, focusing on atrial dimension and strain. Methods. We selected 120 patients included in AF-RISK, a prospective, observational, multicentre study aiming to identify a risk profile to guide atrial fibrillation therapy study. Patients had paroxysmal AF diagnosed within three years before inclusion, had a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥50% and were in sinus rhythm at the moment of performing echocardiography and blood sampling. Patients were matched by nearest neighbour by age and sex with a 1:1 ratio and were classified into two groups: 1) AF with HFpEF (n = 60) and 2) AF without HFpEF (n = 60). The diagnosis of HFpEF was based on the 2016 ESC heart failure guidelines, including symptoms and signs of heart failure, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) ≥125pg/ml, and one of the following echocardiographic measures: left atrium volume index (LAVI) >34ml/m2, left ventricular mass index ≥115g/m2 for men and ≥95g/m2 for women, average E/e’ ≥13cm/s and average e’ <9cm/s. Measurements of reservoir, conduit and contraction strain of both atria were performed in apical four-chamber by echocardiography (GE, EchoPac BT12). Associations of clinical and echocardiographic characteristics were tested for collinearity by multivariable logistic regression analyses. LAVI, LV mass index and NT-proBNP were excluded from multivariable analysis since these markers were part of the HFpEF diagnostic criteria. Results. Patients with paroxysmal AF and concomitant HFpEF had more often hypertension (72% vs. 45%, P = 0.005), had more impaired strain phases of both the left and right atria (figure 1), had comparable LVEF and global longitudinal strain (GLS) (P = 0.168 and P = 0.212, respectively). In a model adjusted for the number of comorbidities and sex, LA contraction decrease was associated with presence of HFpEF (odds ratio per 1% LA contraction-percent was 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.87–0.99, P = 0.042). LA contraction was not explained by LAVI in patients with concomitant HFpEF (Spearman’s rho= -0.07, P = 0.08). Conclusion. Our results show that atrial function may differentiate paroxysmal AF patients with HFpEF from those without HFpEF. In patients with paroxysmal AF, more impaired strain phases of the left and right atria were associated with concomitant HFpEF, whereas ventricular function, reflected by LVEF and GLS, did not differ. Abstract Figure. Strain distribution of both atria

scholarly journals Circumferential isolation of a common ostium of the left and right inferior pulmonary veins

EP Europace ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 604-604
Author(s):  
A. Pedrote ◽  
E. Arana-Rueda ◽  
M. Frutos-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Left And Right
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