scholarly journals Associations of urinary sodium excretion with central hemodynamics and changes in vascular structure and function at high altitude

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhipeng Zhang ◽  
Hang Liao ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Qingtao Meng ◽  
Rufeng Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Vascular Structure ◽  
Central Hemodynamics ◽  
And Function

Associations of sodium intake with central hemodynamics and changes in vascular structure and function at high altitude localities

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Zhang ◽  
X Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Vascular Structure ◽  
Central Hemodynamics ◽  
And Function

Abstract Objectives To investigate the associations of sodium intake with central hemodynamics and changes in vascular structure and function at high altitude localities. Methods A total of 383 Buddhists were enrolled in four temples with an average elevation of 3,800 meters from December 2018 to January 2019. Estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion was measured by the Kawasaki formula using the urinary sodium/creatinine ratio of the second fasting spot urine in the morning. Central hemodynamics, including central systolic blood pressure (CSBP), central diastolic blood pressure (CDBP), central pulse pressure (CPP), central mean arterial pressure (CMAP), augmentation pressure (AP), augmentation index (AI), were evaluated by applanation tonometry using the SphygmoCor analyzer. Vascular structure and function were quantified by carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (BaPWV), respectively. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the associations between 24h urinary sodium with central arterial hemodynamic parameters, cIMT and BaPWV. Results The estimated 24h urinary sodium excretion of the Buddhists in such area was (5.26±1.61)g and the estimated salt intake was (13.36±4.09)g. There was no significant correlation between 24h urinary sodium with CDBP, AP and cIMT (P>0.05). After adjusting for gender, age, CSBP, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL), the estimated 24h urine sodium was positively correlated with CSBP (β=1.313, P=0.018) and CPP (β=1.311, P<0.001), the estimated 24h urinary sodium was significantly negatively correlated with AIX75 and BaPWV (β=−1.124, P=0.028 and β=−37.530, P<0.001, respectively). The line graph of means across the 24h urinary sodium quartiles and the cubic fitting curve showed that the associations between 24h urinary sodium excretion with AIX75 and BaPWV presented an approximate “J” shape. Conclusions 24h urinary sodium was positively correlated with CSBP and CPP and negatively correlated with AIX75 and BaPWV in the Buddhists in this high altitude area. The associations between 24h urinary sodium with AIX75 and BaPWV resembled a “J” shape. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Arterial Stiffness and Central Hemodynamics are Associated with Low Diurnal Urinary Sodium Excretion

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 3289-3299
Author(s):  
Rosaria Del Giorno ◽  
Christos Ceresa ◽  
Sofia Gabutti ◽  
Chiara Troiani ◽  
Luca Gabutti
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Central Hemodynamics

Multiple, random spot urine sampling for estimating urinary sodium excretion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluigi Ardissino ◽  
Antonio Vergori ◽  
Cesare Vergori ◽  
Laura Martelli ◽  
Valeria Daccò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Urine Sampling

scholarly journals Association between 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure among Chinese adults aged 18–69 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofu Du ◽  
Le Fang ◽  
Jianwei Xu ◽  
Xiangyu Chen ◽  
Yamin Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

AbstractThe direction and magnitude of the association between sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure (BP) may differ depending on the characteristics of the study participant or the intake assessment method. Our objective was to assess the relationship between BP, hypertension and 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion among Chinese adults. A total of 1424 provincially representative Chinese residents aged 18 to 69 years participated in a cross-sectional survey in 2017 that included demographic data, physical measurements and 24-h urine collection. In this study, the average 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and sodium-to-potassium ratio were 3811.4 mg/day, 1449.3 mg/day, and 4.9, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, each 1000 mg difference in 24-h urinary sodium excretion was significantly associated with systolic BP (0.64 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05–1.24) and diastolic BP (0.45 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.08–0.81), and each 1000 mg difference in 24-h urinary potassium excretion was inversely associated with systolic BP (− 3.07 mm Hg; 95% CI − 4.57 to − 1.57) and diastolic BP (− 0.94 mm Hg; 95% CI − 1.87 to − 0.02). The sodium-to-potassium ratio was significantly associated with systolic BP (0.78 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.42–1.13) and diastolic BP (0.31 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.10–0.53) per 1-unit increase. These associations were mainly driven by the hypertensive group. Those with a sodium intake above about 4900 mg/24 h or with a potassium intake below about 1000 mg/24 h had a higher risk of hypertension. At higher but not lower levels of 24-h urinary sodium excretion, potassium can better blunt the sodium-BP relationship. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of hypertension in the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile of excretion were 0.54 (95% CI 0.35–0.84) for potassium and 1.71 (95% CI 1.16–2.51) for the sodium-to-potassium ratio, while the corresponding OR for sodium was not significant (OR, 1.28; 95% CI 0.83–1.98). Our results showed that the sodium intake was significantly associated with BP among hypertensive patients and the inverse association between potassium intake and BP was stronger and involved a larger fraction of the population, especially those with a potassium intake below 1000 mg/24 h should probably increase their potassium intake.

scholarly journals Urinary sodium excretion and the risk of cardiovascular disease: A community-based cohort study in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Yi-Jie Wang ◽  
Kuo-Lioug Chien ◽  
Hsiu-Ching Hsu ◽  
Hung-Ju Lin ◽  
Ta-Chen Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Salt Sensitivity ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Media Thickness

Abstract Urinary sodium excretion is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, the underlying biological mechanisms and effects of salt sensitivity are unclear. The purpose of this study was to characterize the relative contribution of biological factors to the sodium-CVD association. A total of 2112 participants were enrolled in this study. Structured questionnaires and blood and urine samples were obtained. Twenty-four-hour sodium excretion was estimated using a single overnight urine sample. Hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and overweight status were considered to indicate salt sensitivity. Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the effects of salt sensitivity on urinary sodium excretion and CVD risk. The traditional mediation approach was used to calculate the proportion of mediation. The mean age (standard deviation) of the 2112 participants was 54.5 (12.2) years, and they were followed up for a mean of 14.1 [8.1] years. Compared with those in the lowest quartile, the highest baseline urinary sodium excretion (>4.2g/24 hours) was associated with a 43% higher CVD risk (hazard ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.99). Participants with high urinary sodium excretion, hypertension, or metabolic syndrome had a significantly high risk of CVD. The carotid intima-media thickness had the largest mediating effect (accounting for 35% of the sodium-CVD association), followed by systolic blood pressure (33%), left ventricular mass (28%), and diastolic blood pressure (14%). Higher urinary sodium excretion increased the risk of CVD, which was explained largely by carotid media-thickness and systolic blood pressure.

scholarly journals The association of parents’ behaviors related to salt with 24 h urinary sodium excretion of their children: A Spanish cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. e0227035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Cuadrado-Soto ◽  
África Peral-Suarez ◽  
Elena Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Aránzazu Aparicio ◽  
Pedro Andrés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional
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