Association between pre‐pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study

Objectives To assess how maternal body mass index and gestational weight gain are related to on fetal venous liver flow and birthweight in pregnancies with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods In a longitudinal observational study, 49 women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus were included for monthly assessments (gestational weeks 24–36). According to the Institute Of Medicine criteria, body mass index was categorized to underweight, normal, overweight, and obese, while gestational weight gain was classified as insufficient, appropriate or excessive. Fetal size, portal flow, umbilical venous flow and distribution to the fetal liver or ductus venosus were determined using ultrasound techniques. The impact of fetal venous liver perfusion on birthweight and how body mass index and gestational weight gain modified this effect, was compared with a reference population (n = 160). Results The positive association between umbilical flow to liver and birthweight was more pronounced in pregnancies with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus than in the reference population. Overweight and excessive gestational weight gain were associated with higher birthweights in women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus, but not in the reference population. Fetuses of overweight women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus had higher umbilical (p = 0.02) and total venous liver flows (p = 0.02), and a lower portal flow fraction (p = 0.04) than in the reference population. In pre-gestational diabetes mellitus pregnancies with excessive gestational weight gain, the umbilical flow to liver was higher than in those with appropriate weight gain (p = 0.02). Conclusions The results support the hypothesis that umbilical flow to the fetal liver is a key determinant for fetal growth and birthweight modifiable by maternal factors. Maternal pre-gestational diabetes mellitus seems to augment this influence as shown with body mass index and gestational weight gain.

Download Full-text

Association of Maternal Serum Zinc, Copper and Magnesium Levels, Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain Patterns With the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Third-trimester Pregnant Women: a Cross-sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-262499/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Masoomeh Gholizadeh ◽

Tohid Rouzitalab ◽

Saeid Ghavamzadeh ◽

Elnaz Daneshzad

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gestational Weight

Abstract Background: This study sought to evaluate the association between selected micronutrients (zinc, copper, and magnesium), pre-pregnancy BMI, and weight gain during pregnancy with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus third-trimester pregnant women Urmia, Iran. Methods: This analytic cross-sectional study included 400 pregnant women. The nutritional, demographic, clinical data, and fasting blood samples (selected micronutrients and blood glucose) were evaluated. The data were analyzed using chi-square, independent t-test, and logistic regression tests. Results: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was 18%. The OR for GDM was (OR: 0.329; 95% CI: 0.156-0.696) in normal-weight compared to mothers who were obese before pregnancy. Normal serum zinc concentration was associated with 0.413-fold lower rates of developing GDM (95% CI: 0.227-0.750). Magnesium supplementation was inversely associated with the risk of GDM (OR: 0.986; 95% CI: 0.979-0.994). Inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain was significantly associated with developing GDM in lean and obese women before pregnancy, respectively (p=0.01, p=0.003). Conclusions: Gestational diabetes is highly prevalent in Urmia, and it is likely related to excessive serum zinc concentrations, elevated pre-pregnancy BMI, and gestational weight gain.

Download Full-text

Pre-pregnancy body mass index, weight gain and energy intake in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome ◽

10.1186/1758-5996-7-s1-a79 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Renata Selbach Pons ◽

Fernanda Camboim Rockett ◽

Bibiana de Almeida Rubin ◽

Maria Lúcia Rocha Oppermann ◽

Vera Lúcia Bosa

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Body Mass ◽

Index Weight

Download Full-text

Diet Quality Indices and Physical Activity Levels Associated with Adequacy of Gestational Weight Gain in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13061842 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1842

Author(s):

Vanessa Averof Honorato de Almeida ◽

Rafaela Alkmin da Costa ◽

Cristiane de Freitas Paganoti ◽

Fernanda Cristina Mikami ◽

Ana Maria da Silva Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Gestational Weight

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Diet Quality Index (DQI) and the Physical Activity (PA) levels associated with adequacy of gestational weight gain in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A total of 172 pregnant women with a single fetus and a diagnosis of GDM participated. Food intake was self-reported on the food frequency questionnaire and DQI was quantified using the index validated and revised for Brazil (DQI-R). To assess PA, the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire was administered. Gestational weight gain was classified, following the criteria of the Institute of Medicine, into adequate (AWG), insufficient (IWG), or excessive (EWG) weight gain. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed, with level of significance <0.05. The participants were divided into 3 groups: AWG (33.1%), IWG (27.3%), and EWG (39.5%). The analysis indicated that if the pregnant women PA fell into tertile 1 or 2, then they had a greater chance of having IWG, whereas those with the lowest scores on the DQI-R, whose PA fell into tertile 2, and pregestational obesity women had the greatest chance of having EWG. This study has shown that low PA levels may contribute towards IWG. On the other hand, a low final DQI-R score, representing inadequate food habits, low PA levels, and pregestational obesity may increase the chance of EWG in patients with GDM.

Download Full-text