scholarly journals Transfer of omega-3 fatty acids across the blood-brain barrier after dietary supplementation with a docosahexaenoic acid-rich omega-3 fatty acid preparation in patients with Alzheimer's disease: the OmegAD study

2014 ◽  
Vol 275 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Freund Levi ◽  
I. Vedin ◽  
T. Cederholm ◽  
H. Basun ◽  
G. Faxén Irving ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Brain

scholarly journals Dietary Enrichment with Omega -3 Fatty Acid Potentiates Leptin Permeability through the Blood-Brain Barrier in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ebuehi, Osaretin Albert Taiwo ◽  
Oyegoke, Enioluwayan ◽  
Ajagun-Ogunleye, Olufemi Mulkah ◽  
Olu-Taiwo, Adebola
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Obesity is an excessive accumulation of fat which causes several health implications. It is a risk factor for most disabilities and non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. The present study aimed to show the effect of short and long-term supplementation of an enriched diet with different concentrations of omega-3 fatty acid on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and serum leptin ratio, adiposity and lipid profile in albino Wistar rats. Serum-leptin ratios and indicators such as lipid profile, feed consumption, and adiposity index were obtained to ascertain the effect of the enriched diet on health and wellness. Forty Wistar rats divided into four groups of ten were used, comprising of five males and females; Groups A, B, C and D. The group A, the control, was fed with rat chow and water alone. Groups B, C and D were fed with rat chow supplemented with 10%, 20% and 40% omega-3 fatty acid respectively. The permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) with leptin significantly increased across the experimental groups in a concentration-dependent manner. Practical Applications: Omega-3-fatty acids, also called polyunsaturated fatty acids are well known for their cardioprotective properties. ALA, α-linoleic acid, eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) have been collectively referred to as omega-3 fatty acids. ALA, an essential fatty acid, can be converted into EPA and DHA. These polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are obtained from fish-oil and other kinds of seafood. Dietary consumption is essential for a better blood lipid profile and reduced risk for cardiovascular disease. In the present study, supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids improved blood-lipid profile, increased HDL which are essential in preventing obesity. Equally reported here is that concentrations of serum-leptin and CSF were used to derive the leptin ratio. There was also a significant decrease in the adiposity index across the groups. The feed consumption and CSF leptin were given as r=-0.46 for the short term diet, while r=0.34 for the long term diet group. Data of the study indicate that omega-3 fatty acid enrichment had a diminishing effect on both adiposity and appetite, but enhanced the permeability of leptin through the blood-brain barrier in the Wistar rats. The relevance of this study is that omega-3-fatty acid food supplementation could aid in weight management and assist in the prevention and control of obesity.

Supplementation of dietary long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids high in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increases plasma DHA concentration and may increase trot stride lengths in horses

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
A D Woodward ◽  
B D Nielsen ◽  
C I O'Connor ◽  
C D Skelly ◽  
S K Webel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractTwelve mature and six 2-year-old Arabian horses were used to determine the effect of dietary long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on plasma fatty acids and lameness. Lameness scores and stride lengths were measured on day 0. Horses were striated and pair-matched according to age, gender, stride length and, for mature horses, lameness score, and each horse was fed either a treatment diet containing 5.95 g of stabilized omega-3 fatty acids plus a fat carrier (FA), for a total of 19.4 g fat, or a control diet containing 49 g of corn oil (CO) for 75 days. Horses were exercised 5 d week− 1, and blood samples were drawn and body weights recorded on days 0, 25, 50 and 75. Lameness scores and stride lengths were recorded again on day 75. Total plasma omega-3 fatty acid concentrations were higher on all days in FA horses than in CO horses. Total plasma omega-6 fatty acids increased from days 0 to 25, remained elevated through day 50 and returned to baseline on day 75 in all horses. The ratio of plasma omega-6:omega-3 fatty acids was lower in FA horses. Horses on FA had increased plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on days 25, 50 and 75. No difference in walk stride length was noted; however, FA horses tended to have a longer trot stride after supplementation when compared with CO horses. No differences were seen in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) metabolite or tumour necrosis factor-α as measured in blood serum. In summary, supplementing omega-3 fatty acids increases plasma DHA, although there was no overall increase in omega-3 in FA horses. While a trend to increase trot stride length was seen, no differences in lameness scores between treatments were noted.

scholarly journals Structural basis of omega-3 fatty acid transport across the blood–brain barrier

Nature ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary J. Cater ◽  
Geok Lin Chua ◽  
Satchal K. Erramilli ◽  
James E. Keener ◽  
Brendon C. Choy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Fatty Acid Transport ◽  
Acid Transport ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Brain

Omega-3 Levels and Nicotine Dependence: A Cross-Sectional Study and Clinical Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juçara X. Zaparoli ◽  
Eduardo K. Sugawara ◽  
Altay A.L. de Souza ◽  
Sérgio Tufik ◽  
José Carlos F. Galduróz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Background: High oxidative stress, which is caused by smoking, can alter omega-3 fatty acid concentrations. Since omega-3 fatty acids play a role in dopaminergic neurotransmission related to dependence, it is important to understand their effects on nicotine dependence. Methods: This research comprised 2 studies. The first one consisted of a cross-sectional evaluation, in which the levels of the most important omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were compared between smokers and non-smokers in a sample of 171 individuals; of them, 120 were smokers and 51 were non-smokers. The other study was a clinical, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, in which 63 smokers received daily treatment with capsules of fish oil (a source of omega-3/3 g/day) or mineral oil (used as placebo, also 3 g/day), taken 3 times a day for 90 days. Each fish oil capsules contained approximately 210.99 mg EPA and 129.84 mg of DHA. The outcome was evaluated by means of psychometric and biological measures as well as self-reports of tobacco use. The evaluations were carried out at the beginning of treatment and once a month thereafter (total of 4 times). Outcomes: The omega-3 fatty acid lipid profile showed that smokers present lower concentrations of DHA. After treatment, the omega-3 group showed a significant reduction in their levels of dependence. Interpretation: Smokers showed lower peripheral levels of omega-3, and treatment with the most important omega-3 fatty acids brought about a reduction in nicotine dependence.

scholarly journals The combined supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids and probiotics decreased the levels of serum polyamines in experimental colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-285
Author(s):  
Havvanur Yoldaş İlktaç ◽  
Nihal Büyükuslu ◽  
Cüneyd Parlayan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Combined Supplementation

Polyamines play an important role in the maintenance of intestinal permeability. Therefore we aimed to determine the effects of probiotics and omega 3 fatty acids on serum polyamine levels in colitis. Fifty BALB/c mice were randomly grouped as normal, colitis with no treatment applied, colitis treated by probiotics (VSL#3), colitis treated by omega-3, and colitis treated by both probiotics and omega-3. Experimental colitis was induced by injection of 200 mg/kg 2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS). The probiotic and the omega-3 fatty acid supplements were applied daily by oral gavage. Serum polyamine levels were measured with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In each group, the levels of serum polyamines are the highest in spermidine and the least in spermine. Bowel inflammation in experimentally induced colitis mice resulted in lower serum polyamine concentrations. In probiotic and omega 3 fatty acid supplemented group significant decreases were observed for spermine and spermidine (p<0.001), while no significant changes were obtained for putrescine. Combined supplementation of probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids for 10 days in colitis mice significantly decreased the serum levels of spermine and spermidine.

Abstract 168: Impact of Continuing Medical Education on the Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia with Omega-3 Fatty Acids

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Larkin ◽  
Michael LaCouture ◽  
George Boutsalis ◽  
Harold Bays
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Continuing Medical Education ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Introduction: The less prominent role of triglycerides in determining cardiovascular risk keeps these lipids from being top-of-mind for practicing clinicians, yet epidemiologic data affirm that hypertriglyceridemia contributes to atherosclerotic disease development and progression. We sought to determine if online continuing medical education (CME) could improve the clinical knowledge and competence of primary care physicians (PCPs) and cardiologists regarding hypertriglyceridemia and the use of omega-3 fatty acids in its treatment. Methods: The effects of two educational interventions about advances in hypertriglyceridemia treatment (activity 1) and educating patients about omega-3 fatty acid products (activity 2) were analyzed to determine efficacy of online education presented in the form of online video-based roundtable discussions. The activities launched online in May and June, 2015 respectively, and data were collected through July, 2015. The effects of education were assessed using knowledge- and case-based matched pre-assessment/post-assessments. The effect sizes were calculated with Cohen’s d (> 0.8 is large, 0.8-0.4 is medium, and < 0.4 is small). Results: In total, 842 PCPs and 75 cardiologists who completed all pre/post assessment questions in any of the two activities during the study period were included in analyses. Significant overall improvements were seen for PCPs (activity 1: n = 452, P <.05, effect d= 0.68; activity 2: n = 390, P <.05, effect d= 0.96) and cardiologists (activity 1: n = 35, P <.05, effect d= 0.77; activity 2: n = 40, P <.05, effect d= 0.9). Compared with baseline, specific areas of improvements include: • 22% more PCPs and 31% more cardiologists identified weight loss as a nonpharmacological intervention that can effectively lower triglyceride levels for overweight/obese patients with hypertriglyceridemia, (both P < .05) • 35% more PCPs and 32% more cardiologists identified the appropriate dosing of prescription omega-3 fatty acids (both P <.05) • 23% more PCPs ( P < .05) and 20% more cardiologists ( P =.068 ) recognized that reducing the risk for pancreatitis is a primary medical objective in patients with severe elevations in triglyceride levels Areas identified as needing additional education include: • 57% of all physicians remain unaware that omega-3 fatty acids reduce apolipoprotein C3 • 61% of PCPs and 60% of cardiologists did not demonstrate a thorough understanding of the differences between prescription omega-3 fatty acids and omega-3 supplements Conclusion: This study demonstrates the success of a targeted educational intervention with two educational components on improving knowledge, competence, and clinical decision-making of PCPs and cardiologists regarding hypertriglyceridemia treatment and the role of omega-3 fatty acid products in its treatment.

Abstract 94: Protection Against Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Focal Cerebral Ischemia by Docosahexaenoic Acid

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Ha Hong ◽  
Larissa Khoutorova ◽  
Daniela Anzola ◽  
Qiang Wu ◽  
Bokkyoo Jun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Cortical Area ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Experimental Stroke ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Blood Brain

INTRODUCTION: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) is an omega-3 essential fatty acid family member and the precursor of neuroprotectin D1, a lipid mediator which downregulates apoptosis and promotes cell survival. Recently, we have shown that DHA therapy improves functional and histological outcomes following experimental stroke. We examined the effect of DHA on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in rats. Damage to the BBB was judged by extravasation of Evans Blue (EB) dye. METHODS: Male SD rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and subjected to 2 h of MCAo by retrograde insertion of an intraluminal suture. DHA (5 mg/kg) or vehicle (saline) was administered IV at 3 h after the onset of MCAo and animals were sacrificed at 6, 24 or 72 h. Behavioral tests were performed at 5, 24, 48 or 72 h. EB (2% in saline, 4 ml/kg) was administered IV either at 5, 23 or 71 h after onset of MCAo. Fluorometric quantitation of EB was performed 1 h later in six brain regions. RESULTS: Physiological variables were stable and showed no significant differences between groups. In the 6 h series (n=9 per group), DHA decreased EB extravasation in the posterior ischemic hemisphere compared to saline (9.2±1.1 vs. 14.3± 1.5, respectively). In the 24 h series (n=8-9 per group), DHA improved behavioral scores on day 1 and decreased EB extravasation in the posterior ischemic hemisphere (4.9±0.41 vs. 8.5±1.0) and cortical area (3.0±0.4 vs. 8.6± 2.0, respectively) compared to saline. In the 72 h series (n=12 per group), DHA improved behavioral scores on days 1, 2 and 3, and decreased EB extravasation in the anterior (6.1±0.8 vs. 9.6±0.9), posterior (5.6±0.7 vs. 9.1±1.2, respectively) ischemic hemispheres compared to saline. In addition, EB extravasation was decreased by DHA in the cortical area (6.2±1.0 vs. 10.1±1.1) and total hemisphere (11.7±1.3 vs. 18.7±1.9, respectively) compared to vehicle. CONCLUSION: These data have demonstrated that DHA is an effective neuroprotective drug, diminishing BBB damage in a model of severe focal ischemia. Thus, it is reasonable to hypothesize that DHA may have potential use in treating focal ischemic stroke in the clinical setting. This study was supported by NIH, NINDS grant R01 NS065786 (LB) and R01 NS046741 (NGB).

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