The relationships between odd- and branched-chain fatty acids to ruminal fermentation parameters and bacterial populations with different dietary ratios of forage and concentrate

The purpose of this research was to evaluate whether relationships exist between odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFAs) originating from milk fat and the corresponding data of ruminal fermentation parameters, microbial populations, and base contents that were used to mark microbial protein in rumen. Nine lactating Holstein dairy cows with similar body weights and parity were selected in this study, and the samples of rumen and milk were collected at the early, middle, and late stages, respectively. The rumen and milk samples were collected over three consecutive days from each cow, and the ruminal and milk OBCFA profiles, ruminal fermentation parameters, bacterial populations, and base contents were measured. The results showed that the concentrations of OBCFAs, with the exception of C11:0 and C15:0, were significantly different between milk and rumen (p < 0.05). The concentrations of anteiso-fatty acids in milk were higher than those in rumen, and the contents of linear odd-chain fatty acids were higher than those of branched-chain fatty acids in both milk and rumen. Significant relationships that existed between the concentrations of C11:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, C15:0, and anteiso-C17:0 in rumen and milk (p < 0.05). The total OBCFA content in milk was positively related to the acetate molar proportion but negatively correlated with isoacid contents (p < 0.05). The populations of Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefacients, and Eubacterium ruminantium were significantly related to milk C13:0 contents (p < 0.05). The adenine/N ratio was negatively related to milk OBCFA content (p < 0.05) but positively associated with the iso-C15:0/iso-C17:0 ratio (p < 0.05). Milk OBCFAs were significantly correlated with ruminal fermentation parameters, ruminal bacterial populations, and base contents. Milk OBCFAs had the potential to predict microbial nitrogen flow, and the prediction equations for ruminal microbial nitrogen flow were established for OBCFAs in dairy milk.

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Profiles of Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Correlations With Rumen Fermentation Parameters, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Bacterial Populations Based on Pure Carbohydrate Incubation in Vitro

10.21203/rs.3.rs-68439/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hangshu Xin ◽

Xin Liu ◽

Xin Jiang ◽

Chunlong Liu ◽

Shuzhi Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Populations ◽

Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Degrading Bacteria ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Fermentation Parameters ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Background: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the profiles of odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA; including C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, C17:0, iso-C17:0 and anteiso-C17:0) during pure carbohydrates incubation in vitro and whether they correlated with ruminal fermentation parameters, microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis, and bacterial populations. The pure substrates containing five different ratios of fiber and starch (F:S; 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0) were incubated for 6 h, 12 h, 18 h and 24 h. Results: Except iso-C17:0, OBCFA concentrations were interacted by F:S and incubation time. The highest concentration of total OBCFA was found in the fermented mixture after 24 h of incubation when the F:S = 0:100; while the lowest level was 1.65 mg/g DM produced after 6 h of incubation with F:S = 50:50. The concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and MCP remarkably decreased linearly as the inclusion of fiber in the substrates increased, as expected. The proportions of investigated cellulolytic bacteria in our study were increased linearly (or linearly and quadratically) while those of R. amylophilus and S. bovis were decreased as fiber inclusion increased. The correlation analysis indicated that iso-C16:0 concentration might have potential as a marker of productions of TVFA and MCP with ρ being 0.78 and 0.82 respectively. Compared to starch degrading bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria had more correlations with OBCFA profiles, and the strongest association was found on the population of R. flavefaciens with C15:0 concentration (ρ = 0.70). Conclusions: Our study shows there might be scope for iso-C16:0 to predict rumen productions of VFA and MCP. Notedly, this is the first paper reporting linkage of OBCFA with rumen function based on pure carbohydrate in vitro incubation, which would avoid confounding interference from dietary protein and fat presence. However, more in-depth experiments are needed to substantiate the current findings.

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Short communication: Effects of diets containing supplemental fats on ruminal fermentation and milk odd- and branched-chain fatty acids in dairy cows

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2017-14189 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 101 (7) ◽

pp. 6133-6141 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Vazirigohar ◽

M. Dehghan-Banadaky ◽

K. Rezayazdi ◽

A. Nejati-Javaremi ◽

H. Mirzaei-Alamouti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Short Communication ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Communication Effects ◽

Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Profiles of Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Correlations With Rumen Fermentation Parameters, Microbial Protein Synthesis, and Bacterial Populations Based on Pure Carbohydrate Incubation in vitro

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.733352 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Hangshu Xin ◽

Nazir Ahmad Khan ◽

Xin Liu ◽

Xin Jiang ◽

Fang Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Protein Synthesis ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Bacterial Populations ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽

Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Fermentation Parameters

The objectives of this study were to evaluate changes in profiles of odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA), including pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), 13-methyltetradecanoic acid (iso-C15:0), 12-methyltetradecanoic acid (anteiso-C15:0), 14-methylpentadecanoic acid (iso-C16:0), heptadecanoic acid (C17:0), 15-methylhexadecanoic acid (iso-C17:0), and 14-methylhexadecanoic acid (anteiso-C17:0) during in vitro fermentation of pure carbohydrates mixtures in the buffer-rumen fluid. The second objective was to correlate the changes in the OBCFA profile to the corresponding changes in ruminal fermentation parameters, microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis, and bacterial populations. Five pure carbohydrates mixtures containing different cellulose: starch (C:S) ratios, i.e., 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0, were incubated for 6, 12, 18, and 24 h in vitro. The results showed that there was significant interaction (P < 0.05) between C:S and incubation time for changes in all OBCFA profiles, except iso-C17:0. The highest concentration of total OBCFA (3.94 mg/g dry matter; DM) was observed in the residues after 24 h of fermentation when the C:S was 0:100, while the lowest concentration of OBCFA (1.65 mg/g DM) was produced after 6 h of incubation when the C:S was 50:50. The correlation analysis revealed that the concentration of iso-C16:0 might be a potential marker for the estimation of total volatile fatty acids (ρ = 0.78) and MCP synthesis (ρ = 0.82) in the rumen. Compared to starch degrading bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria had stronger correlations with OBCFA concentrations, and the strongest correlation was found between the population of Ruminococcus flavefaciens with C15:0 concentration (ρ = 0.70). Notably, this is the first paper reporting relationship between OBCFA with rumen fermentation products and microbial protein synthesis based on fermentation of pure carbohydrates mixtures in vitro, and thus avoid confounding interference from dietary protein and fat presence in the in vivo studies. However, more in-depth experiments are needed to substantiate the current findings.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids play an essential role in Caenorhabditis elegans development.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1020944.240531 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Michell

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Essential Role ◽

Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Biosynthesis of Branched Chain Fatty Acids

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)81167-x ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 238 (4) ◽

pp. 1222-1228

Author(s):

Toshi Kaneda

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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The CoA esters of 2-methyl-branched chain fatty acids and of the bile acid intermediates di- and trihydroxycoprostanic acids are oxidized by one single peroxisomal branched chain acyl-CoA oxidase in human liver and kidney

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)82206-2 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 268 (14) ◽

pp. 10335-10344 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G.F. Vanhove ◽

P.P. Van Veldhoven ◽

M. Fransen ◽

S. Denis ◽

H.J. Eyssen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Bile Acid ◽

Human Liver ◽

Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Chain Acyl ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Acyl Coa Oxidase ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Short- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids as Fecal Markers for Microbiota Activity in Vegans and Omnivores

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13061808 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1808

Author(s):

Iris Trefflich ◽

Stefan Dietrich ◽

Annett Braune ◽

Klaus Abraham ◽

Cornelia Weikert

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vegan Diet ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Fecal Ph ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

A vegan diet could impact microbiota composition and bacterial metabolites like short-chain (SCFA) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA). The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of SCFA, BCFA, ammonia, and fecal pH between vegans and omnivores. In this cross-sectional study (vegans n = 36; omnivores n = 36), microbiota composition, fecal SCFA, BCFA, and ammonia concentrations and pH were analyzed in complete stool samples. A random forest regression (RFR) was used to identify bacteria predicting SCFA/BCFA concentrations in vegans and omnivores. No significant differences in SCFA and BCFA concentrations were observed between vegans and omnivores. Fecal pH (p = 0.005) and ammonia concentration (p = 0.01) were significantly lower in vegans than in omnivores, while fiber intake was higher (p < 0.0001). Shannon diversity was higher in omnivores compared to vegans on species level (p = 0.04) only. In vegans, a cluster of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Prevotella copri, Dialister spp., and Eubacterium spp. was predictive for SCFA and BCFA concentrations. In omnivores, Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., Ruminococcus spp., and Prevotella copri were predictive. Though SCFA and BCFA did not differ between vegans and omnivores, the results of the RFR suggest that bacterial functionality may be adapted to varying nutrient availability in these diets.

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Chicken-eaters and pork-eaters have different gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolites

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91429-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jie Shi ◽

Di Zhao ◽

Fan Zhao ◽

Chong Wang ◽

Galia Zamaratskaia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Tryptophan Metabolites ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Spearman’S Correlation ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractThis study was aimed to evaluate the differences in the composition of gut microbiota, tryptophan metabolites and short-chain fatty acids in feces between volunteers who frequently ate chicken and who frequently ate pork. Twenty male chicken-eaters and 20 male pork-eaters of 18 and 30 years old were recruited to collect feces samples for analyses of gut microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites. Chicken-eaters had more diverse gut microbiota and higher abundance of Prevotella 9, Dialister, Faecalibacterium, Megamonas, and Prevotella 2. However, pork-eaters had higher relative abundance of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Dialister, and Ruminococcus 2. In addition, chicken-eaters had high contents of skatole and indole in feces than pork-eaters, as well as higher contents of total short chain fatty acids, in particular for acetic acid, propionic acid, and branched chain fatty acids. The Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that the abundance of Prevotella 2 and Prevotella 9 was positively correlated with levels of fecal skatole, indole and short-chain fatty acids. Thus, intake of chicken diet may increase the risk of skatole- and indole-induced diseases by altering gut microbiota.

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