Molecular and paleo‐climatic data uncover the impact of an ancient bottleneck on the demographic history and contemporary genetic structure of endangered Pinus uliginosa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Łabiszak ◽  
Julia Zaborowska ◽  
Błażej Wójkiewicz ◽  
Witold Wachowiak
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Pinus Uliginosa ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Spatial Genetic Structure and Demographic History of the Wild Boar in the Qinling Mountains, China

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Chaochao Hu ◽  
Sijia Yuan ◽  
Wan Sun ◽  
Wan Chen ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Qinling Mountains ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
The Impact

Species dispersal patterns and population genetic structure can be influenced by geographical features. Qinling Mountains (QM) provide an excellent area for phylogeographic study. The phylogeography of Asian-wide wild boars revealed the colonization route. However, the impact of the QM on genetic diversity, genetic structure and population origin is still poorly understood. In this study, genetic analysis of wild boar in the QM was conducted based on the mitochondrial control region (943 bp) and twelve microsatellite loci of 82 individuals in 16 sampling locations. Overall genetic haplotype diversity was 0.86, and the nucleotide diversity was 0.0079. A total of 17 new haplotypes were detected. The level of genetic diversity of wild boars in QM was lower than in East Asia, but higher than in Europe. Phylogenetic analysis showed the weak genetic divergence in QM. Mismatch analysis, neutrality tests, and Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) results revealed that the estimates of effective population size were under demographic equilibrium in the past. Spatial analysis of molecular variance indicated no obvious phylogeographic structure.

scholarly journals Assessing the Sensitivity of Main Crop Yields to Climate Change Impacts in China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Yuan Xu ◽  
Jieming Chou ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Mingyang Sun ◽  
Weixing Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Output Elasticity ◽  
The Impact

Quantitatively assessing the spatial divergence of the sensitivity of crop yield to climate change is of great significance for reducing the climate change risk to food production. We use socio-economic and climatic data from 1981 to 2015 to examine how climate variability led to variation in yield, as simulated by an economy–climate model (C-D-C). The sensitivity of crop yield to the impact of climate change refers to the change in yield caused by changing climatic factors under the condition of constant non-climatic factors. An ‘output elasticity of comprehensive climate factor (CCF)’ approach determines the sensitivity, using the yields per hectare for grain, rice, wheat and maize in China’s main grain-producing areas as a case study. The results show that the CCF has a negative trend at a rate of −0.84/(10a) in the North region, while a positive trend of 0.79/(10a) is observed for the South region. Climate change promotes the ensemble increase in yields, and the contribution of agricultural labor force and total mechanical power to yields are greater, indicating that the yield in major grain-producing areas mainly depends on labor resources and the level of mechanization. However, the sensitivities to climate change of different crop yields to climate change present obvious regional differences: the sensitivity to climate change of the yield per hectare for maize in the North region was stronger than that in the South region. Therefore, the increase in the yield per hectare for maize in the North region due to the positive impacts of climate change was greater than that in the South region. In contrast, the sensitivity to climate change of the yield per hectare for rice in the South region was stronger than that in the North region. Furthermore, the sensitivity to climate change of maize per hectare yield was stronger than that of rice and wheat in the North region, and that of rice was the highest of the three crop yields in the South region. Finally, the economy–climate sensitivity zones of different crops were determined by the output elasticity of the CCF to help adapt to climate change and prevent food production risks.

scholarly journals Impact of cyclones on hard coral and metapopulation structure, connectivity and genetic diversity of coral reef fish

Coral Reefs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Gerlach ◽  
Philipp Kraemer ◽  
Peggy Weist ◽  
Laura Eickelmann ◽  
Michael J. Kingsford
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Reef Fish ◽  
Population Genetic Study ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Metapopulation Structure ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCyclones have one of the greatest effects on the biodiversity of coral reefs and the associated species. But it is unknown how stochastic alterations in habitat structure influence metapopulation structure, connectivity and genetic diversity. From 1993 to 2018, the reefs of the Capricorn Bunker Reef group in the southern part of the Great Barrier Reef were impacted by three tropical cyclones including cyclone Hamish (2009, category 5). This resulted in substantial loss of live habitat-forming coral and coral reef fish communities. Within 6–8 years after cyclones had devastated, live hard corals recovered by 50–60%. We show the relationship between hard coral cover and the abundance of the neon damselfish (Pomacentrus coelestis), the first fish colonizing destroyed reefs. We present the first long-term (2008–2015 years corresponding to 16–24 generations of P. coelestis) population genetic study to understand the impact of cyclones on the meta-population structure, connectivity and genetic diversity of the neon damselfish. After the cyclone, we observed the largest change in the genetic structure at reef populations compared to other years. Simultaneously, allelic richness of genetic microsatellite markers dropped indicating a great loss of genetic diversity, which increased again in subsequent years. Over years, metapopulation dynamics were characterized by high connectivity among fish populations associated with the Capricorn Bunker reefs (2200 km2); however, despite high exchange, genetic patchiness was observed with annual strong genetic divergence between populations among reefs. Some broad similarities in the genetic structure in 2015 could be explained by dispersal from a source reef and the related expansion of local populations. This study has shown that alternating cyclone-driven changes and subsequent recovery phases of coral habitat can greatly influence patterns of reef fish connectivity. The frequency of disturbances determines abundance of fish and genetic diversity within species.

scholarly journals Low effective population size and high spatial genetic structure of black poplar populations from the Oder valley in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Błażej Wójkiewicz ◽  
Andrzewj Lewandowski ◽  
Weronika B. Żukowska ◽  
Monika Litkowiec ◽  
Witold Wachowiak
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Black Poplar

Abstract Context Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) is a keystone species of European riparian ecosystems that has been negatively impacted by riverside urbanization for centuries. Consequently, it has become an endangered tree species in many European countries. The establishment of a suitable rescue plan of the remaining black poplar forest stands requires a preliminary knowledge about the distribution of genetic variation among species populations. However, for some parts of the P. nigra distribution in Europe, the genetic resources and demographic history remain poorly recognized. Aims Here, we present the first study on identifying and characterizing the genetic resources of black poplar from the Oder valley in Poland. This study (1) assessed the genetic variability and effective population size of populations and (2) examined whether gene flow is limited by distance or there is a single migrant pool along the studied river system. Methods A total of 582 poplar trees derived from nine black poplar populations were investigated with nuclear microsatellite markers. Results (1) The allelic richness and heterozygosity level were high and comparable between populations. (2) The genetic structure of the studied poplar stands was not homogenous. (3) The signatures of past bottlenecks were detected. Conclusion Our study (1) provides evidence for genetic substructuring of natural black poplar populations from the studied river catchment, which is not a frequent phenomenon reported for this species in Europe, and (2) indicates which poplar stands may serve as new genetic conservation units (GCUs) of this species in Europe. Key message The genetic resources of black poplar in the Oder River valley are still substantial compared to those reported for rivers in Western Europe. On the other hand, clear signals of isolation by distance and genetic erosion reflected in small effective population sizes and high spatial genetic structure of the analyzed populations were detected. Based on these findings, we recommend the in situ and ex situ conservation strategies for conserving and restoring the genetic resources of black poplar populations in this strongly transformed by human river valley ecosystem.

A computational method to assess the impact of urban climate on buildings using modeled climatic data

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Oxizidis ◽  
A.V. Dudek ◽  
A.M. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Urban Climate ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
The Impact

Demographic history and population genetic structure of Hagenia abyssinica (Rosaceae), a tropical tree endemic to the Ethiopian highlands and eastern African mountains

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Gichira ◽  
Zhi-Zhong Li ◽  
Josphat K. Saina ◽  
Guang-Wan Hu ◽  
Robert W. Gituru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Tropical Tree ◽  
Ethiopian Highlands ◽  
Hagenia Abyssinica

Genetic variability and demographic history of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations from Brazil inferred by mtDNA sequences

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.C. Albernaz ◽  
K.L. Silva-Brandão ◽  
P. Fresia ◽  
F.L. Cônsoli ◽  
C. Omoto
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Demographic Expansion ◽  
Significant Genetic Structure ◽  
History Of

AbstractIntra- and inter-population genetic variability and the demographic history of Heliothis virescens (F.) populations were evaluated by using mtDNA markers (coxI, coxII and nad6) with samples from the major cotton- and soybean-producing regions in Brazil in the growing seasons 2007/08, 2008/09 and 2009/10. AMOVA indicated low and non-significant genetic structure, regardless of geographical scale, growing season or crop, with most of genetic variation occurring within populations. Clustering analyzes also indicated low genetic differentiation. The haplotype network obtained with combined datasets resulted in 35 haplotypes, with 28 exclusive occurrences, four of them sampled only from soybean fields. The minimum spanning network showed star-shaped structures typical of populations that underwent a recent demographic expansion. The recent expansion was supported by other demographic analyzes, such as the Bayesian skyline plot, the unimodal distribution of paired differences among mitochondrial sequences, and negative and significant values of neutrality tests for the Tajima's D and Fu's FS parameters. In addition, high values of haplotype diversity (Ĥ) and low values of nucleotide diversity (π), combined with a high number of low frequency haplotypes and values of θπ<θW, suggested a recent demographic expansion of H. virescens populations in Brazil. This demographic event could be responsible for the low genetic structure currently found; however, haplotypes present uniquely at the same geographic regions and from one specific host plant suggest an initial differentiation among H. virescens populations within Brazil.

Population genetic structure and dispersal of Pinus occidentalis in the Dominican Republic by chloroplastic SSR with implications for its conservation, management, and reforestation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis E. Rodríguez de Francisco ◽  
Rosanna Carreras-De León ◽  
Rafael M. Navarro Cerrillo ◽  
Liz A. Paulino-Gervacio ◽  
María-Dolores Rey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pinus Occidentalis

<i>Pinus occidentalis</i> is the dominant species of forest ecosystems in the Dominican Republic, located between 200 and 3000 meters above sea level, with extensive and overexploited natural populations. However, over the years, various restoration plans have been performed, which could affect the genetic structure of <i>P. occidentalis</i>. Despite being the species with the highest occurrence in the Dominican forests, there is no existing information on genetic structure and molecular characterization among natural populations with limited information on both phenological and productive characterization. In this study, the genetic structure, diversity, and gene flow of the five <i>P. occidentalis</i> natural populations of the Dominican Republic were determined using microsatellite markers. A total of 145 individuals were genotyped with eight polymorphic chloroplastic microsatellites, producing an average of 41 haplotypes with high genetic diversity across populations (H<sub>E</sub> = 0.90). Significant population genetic structure was found between populations (F<sub>ST</sub> = 0.123). These results reflect the impact of reforestation programs on natural populations and diluting the natural genetic signature. Analysis of population genetic data is, therefore, crucial for the breeding and conservation programs of <i>P. occidentalis</i> in the country.

scholarly journals The Regional Snowfall Index

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 1835-1848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Squires ◽  
Jay H. Lawrimore ◽  
Richard R. Heim ◽  
David A. Robinson ◽  
Mathieu R. Gerbush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
National Climatic Data Center ◽  
Impact Scale ◽  
Population Information ◽  
Regional Index ◽  
The Impact

This paper describes a new snowfall index that quantifies the impact of snowstorms within six climate regions in the United States. The regional snowfall index (RSI) is based on the spatial extent of snowfall accumulation, the amount of snowfall, and the juxtaposition of these elements with population. Including population information provides a measure of the societal susceptibility for each region. The RSI is an evolution of the Northeast snowfall impact scale (NESIS), which NOAA's National Climatic Data Center began producing operationally in 2006. While NESIS was developed for storms that had a major impact in the Northeast, it includes all snowfall during the lifetime of a storm across the United States and as such can be thought of as a quasi-national index that is calibrated to Northeast snowstorms. By contrast, the RSI is a regional index calibrated to specific regions using only the snow that falls within that region. This paper describes the methodology used to compute the RSI, which requires region-specific parameters and thresholds, and its application within six climate regions in the eastern two-thirds of the nation. The process used to select the region-specific parameters and thresholds is explained. The new index has been calculated for over 580 snowstorms that occurred between 1900 and 2013 providing a century-scale historical perspective for these snowstorms. The RSI is computed for category 1 or greater storms in near–real time, usually a day after the storm has ended.

scholarly journals Intraspecific divergences and phylogeography of Panzerina lanata (Lamiaceae) in Northwest China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfen Zhao ◽  
Hongxiang Zhang ◽  
Borong Pan ◽  
Mingli Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Helan Mountains ◽  
The Impact

Climactic fluctuations during the Quaternary played a crucial role in genetic diversity and population genetic structure of many plant species in northwestern China. In order to understand the impact of climate change on herbaceous plants, we studied Panzerina lanata (Lamiaceae), a widely distributed species. Two chloroplast DNA intergenic spacers (trnH-psbA and rpoB-trnC) were used to sequence 269 individuals from 27 populations and seven haplotypes were identified. Genetic structure and demographic characteristics were estimated using AMOVA, neutrality tests, and mismatch distribution analyses. The divergence times between the seven haplotypes were estimated using Beast. Our results revealed high levels of total genetic diversity (HT = 0.673±0.0869) and low levels of average within-population genetic diversity (HS = 0.033±0.0214). The analysis of molecular variance indicated major genetic differentiation among the three groups: northern, central, and eastern group. The species distribution modeling and demographic analysis indicated that P. lanata has not experience a recent range expansion. The divergence time within P. lanata occurred between the early Pleistocene and the late Pleistocene, which coincides with aridification and the expansion of the deserts in northwestern China that resulted in species diversification and habitat fragmentation. In addition, we speculate that the deserts and the Helan Mountains acted as effective geographic barriers that led to intraspecific diversity.

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