The impact of short sleep on food reward processes in adolescents

Abstract Introduction Short sleep increases the risk for obesity in adolescents. One potential mechanism relates to when eating occurs, rather than what or how much is eaten. This study investigated the impact of shortened sleep on meal timing and late evening eating in adolescents. Methods 93 healthy 14- to17-year-olds (62% female) completed a within-subject counterbalanced experimental sleep manipulation, engaging in shortened sleep (SS; 6.5 hours/night in bed) or healthy sleep (HS; 9.5 hours/night in bed), each for five nights, with order randomized. Sleep timing was verified through wrist-worn actigraphy. During each sleep period, adolescents completed 2-3 dietary recalls. Repeated-measure T-tests assessed the sleep manipulation effect on averaged times of the first and last eating episode, number of eating episodes after 8:00pm, and range of the daily eating period. Results Youth averaged 2.2 hours/night longer sleep during HS than SS (p<.001). The timing of the first eating episode was similar across conditions, relative to the clock (SS=08:51, HS=08:52) and to time since waking (SS=1.8hr, HS=1.9hr). The timing of the last eating episode averaged later on the clock during SS (20:34) than HS (19:38; p<.001), resulting in a longer eating period (SS=11.7hr, HS=10.8hr, p<.001). Youth averaged more eating episodes after 8:00pm during SS (0.87) than HS (0.59, p<.001). The gap between last eating episode and sleep onset was larger in SS (4.1hr) than HS (2.8hr; p<.001). Notably, on average, adolescents last eating episodes during SS (20:34) were earlier than sleep onset in either condition, and were even 2 hours earlier than when they fell asleep during HS (M=22:30). In exploratory analyses, these effects did not systematically vary by experimental order of the sleep conditions, family income, or participant age, sex, or norm-referenced body mass index. Conclusion Shortened sleep resulted in adolescents eating later and lengthening the daily period of time in which they ate, despite typically stopping eating well before sleep onset during healthy sleep. Late evening eating and long daily eating periods have been strongly associated with weight gain, which may help explain the link between shortened sleep and increased obesity risk in adolescents. Support (if any) R01HL120879

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Sleep timing and duration in indigenous villages with and without electric lighting on Tanna Island, Vanuatu

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-53635-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Andrea N. Smit ◽

Tanya Broesch ◽

Jerome M. Siegel ◽

Ralph E. Mistlberger

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Food Access ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Nocturnal Sleep ◽

Hunter Gatherers ◽

Short Sleep ◽

Sleep Timing ◽

Long Sleep ◽

The Impact

AbstractIt has been hypothesized that sleep in the industrialized world is in chronic deficit, due in part to evening light exposure, which delays sleep onset and truncates sleep depending on morning work or school schedules. If so, societies without electricity may sleep longer. However, recent studies of hunter-gatherers and pastoralists living traditional lifestyles without electricity report short sleep compared to industrialized population norms. To further explore the impact of lifestyles and electrification on sleep, we measured sleep by actigraphy in indigenous Melanesians on Tanna Island, Vanuatu, who live traditional subsistence horticultural lifestyles, in villages either with or without access to electricity. Sleep duration was long and efficiency low in both groups, compared to averages from actigraphy studies of industrialized populations. In villages with electricity, light exposure after sunset was increased, sleep onset was delayed, and nocturnal sleep duration was reduced. These effects were driven primarily by breastfeeding mothers living with electric lighting. Relatively long sleep on Tanna may reflect advantages of an environment in which food access is reliable, climate benign, and predators and significant social conflict absent. Despite exposure to outdoor light throughout the day, an effect of artificial evening light was nonetheless detectable on sleep timing and duration.

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Assessment - 5 The Impact of ADHD and Short Sleep Duration on Preseason Symptom Reporting in Adolescent Student Athletes

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acy060.10 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 692-702

Author(s):

D Terry ◽

N Cook ◽

B Maxwell ◽

R Zafonte ◽

P Berkner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Student Athletes ◽

Symptom Reporting ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Short Sleep ◽

Adolescent Student ◽

The Impact

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Abstract MP085: Cognitive Impairment Mediates the Impact of Short Sleep Duration on Mortality in Individuals with Cardiovascular or Cerebrovascular Disease

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.135.suppl_1.mp085 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Julio Fernandez-Mendoza ◽

Fan He ◽

Alexandros N Vgontzas ◽

Duanping Liao ◽

Edward O Bixler

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Processing Speed ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Executive Attention ◽

Short Term ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Short Sleep ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cerebrovascular disease (CBV) have been associated with short sleep duration and mortality. Furthermore, short sleep duration has been associated with impaired cognition. Most studies have been limited by using self-report measures and treating sleep duration as a sole, independent predictor, thus, its role in predicting mortality is still not well-established. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that 1) short sleep duration increases the impact of CVD and CBV on mortality and 2) cognitive impairment mediates the association of short sleep duration with mortality in those with CVD or CBV. Methods: We addressed this question in the Penn State Adult Cohort, a random, general population sample of 1,741 men and women (48.7 ± 13.5 years) who were studied in the sleep laboratory and followed-up for 16.7 ± 4.6 years. CVD was defined by a history of heart disease, including hypertension or diabetes, and CBV by a history of stroke. Polysomnographic (PSG) total sleep time was classified as normal (≥ 6 hours) and short (< 6 hours) sleep duration based on the median of the cohort. All individuals underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation, including Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Trail Making Test, Benton Visual Retention Test, Thurstone Word Fluency Test, and Mini-Mental State Examination. We tested the interaction between CVD, CBV and PSG sleep duration on mortality using Cox proportional hazard models controlling for multiple potential confounders. Results: The hazard ratios (95%CI) of mortality associated with CVD and CBV were 0.9 (0.6-1.3) and 1.3 (0.5-3.1) for individuals with normal sleep duration and 1.8 (1.3-2.5) and 2.4 (1.3-4.4) for individuals with short sleep duration (P-interaction < .05). In individuals with CVD or CBV, short sleep duration was associated with impaired processing speed, executive attention, and short-term memory (all Ps < .05). Cognitive impairment significantly mediated the impact of short sleep duration on mortality in those with CVD or CBV [proportion of mediation effects were 6.5% (1.4%-18.6%), 4.5% (0.4%-14.2%), and 6.2% (1.0%-18.4%) for processing speed, executive attention and short-term memory, respectively]. Conclusions: The risk of mortality associated with CVD and CBV is significantly increased in those with short sleep duration. Although cognitive impairment significantly mediated this association, its modest effect suggests that future studies should examine other underlying mechanisms linking short sleep duration with mortality in individuals with CVD or CBV.

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1055 THE IMPACT OF SHORT SLEEP DURATION ON INSTRUMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING (IADL) AMONG STROKE SURVIVORS

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.1054 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. A392-A392

Author(s):

D Chung ◽

A Seixas ◽

SL Richards ◽

G Casimir ◽

E Auguste ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Daily Living ◽

Stroke Survivors ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Short Sleep ◽

Instrumental Activities ◽

The Impact

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The Impact of Physical Activity on Food Reward: Review and Conceptual Synthesis of Evidence from Observational, Acute, and Chronic Exercise Training Studies

Current Obesity Reports ◽

10.1007/s13679-020-00372-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 63-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kristine Beaulieu ◽

Pauline Oustric ◽

Graham Finlayson

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Food Reward ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

High Energy ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Chronic Exercise ◽

Appetite Control ◽

Training Studies ◽

The Impact

Abstract Purpose of Review This review brings together current evidence from observational, acute, and chronic exercise training studies to inform public debate on the impact of physical activity and exercise on food reward. Recent Findings Low levels of physical activity are associated with higher liking and wanting for high-energy food. Acute bouts of exercise tend to reduce behavioral indices of reward for high-energy food in inactive individuals. A dissociation in liking (increase) and wanting (decrease) may occur during chronic exercise training associated with loss of body fat. Habitual moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is associated with lower liking and wanting for high-fat food, and higher liking for low-fat food. Summary Food reward does not counteract the benefit of increasing physical activity levels for obesity management. Exercise training appears to be accompanied by positive changes in food preferences in line with an overall improvement in appetite control.

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Impact of Meal Timing and Chronotype on Food Reward and Appetite Control in Young Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12051506 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1506

Author(s):

Kristine Beaulieu ◽

Pauline Oustric ◽

Shaea Alkahtani ◽

Maha Alhussain ◽

Hanne Pedersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Test Meal ◽

Food Preference ◽

Food Reward ◽

Standardized Test ◽

High Fat ◽

Appetite Control ◽

Meal Timing ◽

Dietary Record ◽

Three Factor Eating Questionnaire ◽

The Impact

Early meal timing and chronotype are associated with lower BMI, but their impact on appetite is poorly understood. We examined the impact of meal timing and chronotype on appetite and food reward. Forty-four adults were divided into early (EC; Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) score = 55 ± 5) or late chronotype (LC; MEQ score = 40 ± 6) and assessed for body mass index, habitual energy intake (EI; three-day online dietary record) and eating behavior traits from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ). Participants attended the laboratory after ≥3 h fast on two occasions for early (AM; 8–10 a.m.) and late (PM; 4–6 p.m.) counterbalanced testing sessions in a 2 × 2 design. Appetite ratings and food reward (validated diurnal Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire) were measured in response to a standardized test meal. LC was associated with higher BMI (p = 0.01), but not with EI or TFEQ. The composite appetite score was lower in AM than PM (MΔ= −5 (95% CI −10, −0.2) mm, p = 0.040). Perceived test meal fillingness was higher in AM than PM and EC compared to LC (p ≤ 0.038). Liking and wanting high-fat food were lower in AM than PM (p ≤ 0.004). The late chronotype was associated with greater desire for high-fat food (p = 0.006). To conclude, early meal timing and early chronotype are independently associated with smaller appetite and lower desire for high-fat food.

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0847 Association Between Cannabis Use Frequency and Sleep Duration Among a Representative Sample of US Adults

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.843 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A322-A323

Author(s):

N P Bowles ◽

S A Shea

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Short Sleep ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Long Sleep ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction Cannabis use is on the rise in the US, and while the cannabis plant and related compounds are considered to have low toxicity, the impact on physiology including sleep remains unclear. Further, the bulk of cannabis research has focused on adolescents and young adults despite growing use among the elderly. Thus, this analysis sought to determine the impact of the frequency of cannabis use on sleep duration and determine if this relationship varies by age. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the 2016-2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between the frequency of cannabis use, 0-30 times over the prior 30 days; and average sleep duration, short (<7 hours); recommended (7-9 hours); and long (>9 hours) sleep. Results The study sample included 235,667 participants (48% male, 43% 18-44 years old and 35% 44-64 years old) of which 14,122 consumed cannabis. The weighted proportion who reported using cannabis 1-4x, 5-15x, or more than 16x/month were 3.1% (95% CI, 3.0%-3.3%), 2.1% (2.0%-2.2%), and 4.4% (4.2%-4.6%) respectively. In an age stratified model adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, there were no associations between sleep and cannabis use up to 15x/month. Among those adults who consumed cannabis more than 16x/month: (1) 18-44 year olds were more likely to report either short sleep (risk ratio (RR), 1.21; 95% CI, 1.05-1.39) or long sleep (RR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.11-2.22) as opposed to the recommended amount of sleep; whereas (2) 44-64 year olds demonstrated an increased risk for long sleep (RR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.09-2.89); and (3) participants 65 years and older demonstrated an increased risk for short sleep (RR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.04-2.49). Conclusion We demonstrate that modest cannabis use was not associated with sleep, whereas daily cannabis use is associated with age-dependent sleep duration above and below the recommended amount. Support KL2TR002370, 2R25HL105444-09.

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