scholarly journals Investigation of Single and Paired Measurements of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone for the Diagnosis of Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction in Horses

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.I. Rendle ◽  
M. Duz ◽  
J. Beech ◽  
T. Parkin ◽  
A.E. Durham
Keyword(s):  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Pars Intermedia

scholarly journals Clinical implications of using adrenocorticotropic hormone diagnostic cutoffs or reference intervals to diagnose pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in mature horses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remona Horn ◽  
Allison J. Stewart ◽  
Karen V. Jackson ◽  
Elizabeth L. Dryburgh ◽  
Carlos E. Medina‐Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Clinical Implications

scholarly journals Effect of delayed plasma centrifugation on equine adrenocorticotropic hormone concentration

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla N. Shepard ◽  
John C. Haffner ◽  
Dwana L. Neal ◽  
Steven T. Grubbs ◽  
Greg L. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
Diagnostic Center ◽  
Acth Concentration ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
The Mean

Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentration is used in the diagnosis of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) in horses. We enrolled 10 horses, 5 PPID-positive and 5 PPID-negative, in our study, September 20–22, 2016. On day 0, 5 mL of whole blood was collected into each of 6 EDTA tubes and immediately placed in a refrigerator at 7°C. One tube was centrifuged within 15 min of collection, followed by centrifugation of one tube from each horse at 4, 8, 12, 24, and 36 h following collection. At each time, centrifuged plasma was pipetted into 1.5-mL polypropylene tubes and stored at −80°C. None of the plasma samples were turbid, hemolyzed, or icteric. Plasma was shipped frozen with cold packs overnight to the Animal Health Diagnostic Center of Cornell University (Ithaca, NY) for analysis. The percent change from baseline (PCFB) was reported to standardize the data given that baseline values differed. The mean PCFB was 2.8 (95% confidence interval: –2.9%, 7.0%). Neither refrigeration of whole blood for up to 36 h prior to centrifugation nor freezing affected plasma ACTH concentrations significantly.

Effects of Pergolide Mesylate on Plasma Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Concentration in Horses with Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 19-19
Author(s):  
D.I. Rendle ◽  
E. Taylor ◽  
M. Duz ◽  
T.D. Parkin ◽  
V.E.N. Copas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Hormone Concentration

scholarly journals Changes Associated with the Peri-Ovulatory Period, Age and Pregnancy in ACTH, Cortisol, Glucose and Insulin Concentrations in Mares

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Gemma R. Hicks ◽  
Natalie S. Fraser ◽  
François-René Bertin
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Insulin Dysregulation ◽  
Ovulatory Period ◽  
Effect Of Age

Although there are many hormonal changes associated with reproduction, the effects of ovulation and early pregnancy on adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and insulin concentrations are poorly described. We hypothesise that both ovulation and early pregnancy will alter ACTH and insulin concentrations in healthy mares. Eighteen mares showing no clinical signs suggestive of, or laboratory findings consistent with, pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction PPID and insulin dysregulation (ID) are enrolled. ACTH, cortisol, insulin and glucose concentrations are measured over their peri-ovulatory period, as determined via ultrasounds and progesterone concentrations. The mares are grouped by age and gestation status, and a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA is used to determine the effects of age and early pregnancy, along with the peri-ovulatory period, on analyte concentrations. No significant effect of age, ovulation or early pregnancy is detected on the mares’ cortisol, insulin or glucose concentrations; however, there is a significant effect of early pregnancy and ovulation on ACTH concentrations (p = 0.04 and p = 0.04 respectively). ACTH concentrations change around ovulation and with early pregnancy. Therefore, knowledge of a mare’s reproductive status might be beneficial when interpreting ACTH concentrations.

scholarly journals Localization, expression and control of adrenocorticotropic hormone in the nucleus preopticus and pituitary gland of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

2004 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
MO Huising ◽  
J Meek ◽  
AJ Taverne-Thiele ◽  
SE Wendelaar Bonga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Beta Endorphin ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) takes a central role in the hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal axis (HPI axis), which is activated during stress. ACTH is produced by the corticotrope cells of the pituitary pars distalis (PD) and is under control of factors from the nucleus preopticus (NPO). The distribution of ACTH in the hypothalamo-pituitary system in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) was assessed by immunohistochemistry. ACTH and beta-endorphin immunoreactivity was observed in the ACTH cells in the PD and in the NPO. Nerve fibers, originating from the NPO and projecting to the pituitary gland, contain beta-endorphin, but not ACTH, and these fibers either control the pituitary pars intermedia (PI) through beta-endorphin or release it to the blood. The release of pituitary ACTH (studied in a superfusion setup) must in vivo be under predominant inhibitory control of dopamine. Release of ACTH is stimulated by corticotropin-releasing hormone, but only when ACTH cells experience dopaminergic inhibition. The expression of the precursor pro-opiomelanocortin in (POMC) NPO, PD and PI was studied in an acute restraint stress paradigm by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR). POMC gene expression is upregulated in these three key tissues of the hypothalamo-pituitary complex, revealing a hitherto unforeseen complex role for POMC-derived peptides in the regulation of responses to stress.

Adrenocorticotropin Production by a Mammary Carcinoma

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 462-463
Author(s):  
K.S. McCarty ◽  
N.R. Wallace ◽  
W. Litaker ◽  
S. Wells ◽  
G. Eisenbarth
Keyword(s):  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Breast ◽  
Ectopic Acth ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Subcutaneous Metastases ◽  
Ectopic Acth Production ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pituitary Carcinomas

The production of adrenocorticotropic hormone by non-pituitary carcinomas has been documented in several tumors, most frequently small cell carcinoma of the lung, islet cell carcinomas of the pancreas, thymomas and carcinoids. Electron microscopy of these tumors reveals typical membrane-limited "neurosecretory" granules. Confirmation of the granules as adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) requires the use of OsO4 as a primary fixative to give the characteristic cored granule appearance in conjunction with immunohistochemical demonstration of the hormone peptide. Because of the rarity of ectopic ACTH production by mammary carcinomas and the absence of appropriate ultrastructural studies in the two examples of such ectopic hormone production in the literature of which we are aware (1,2), we present biochemical and ultrastructural data from a carcinoma of the breast with apparent ACTH production.The patient had her primary tumor in the right breast in 1969. The tumor recurred as visceral and subcutaneous metastases in 1976 and again in 1977.

Morphometric SEM study of the effects of ACTH on endothelial fenestrae in the rat adrenal cortex

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 234-235
Author(s):  
J. Curtis ◽  
K. S. Schwartz ◽  
R. P. Apkarian
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Saline Vehicle ◽  
Scanning Electron

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) study was made of the effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on the size and numbers of fenestrae/unit area in the capillary endothelium of the zona fasciculata (ZF) of the rat adrenal. The stimulatory effect of ACTH on cholesterol uptake via high density lipoproteins in the rat and evidence for the secretion of glucocorticoids by exocytosis of lipid droplets described by Rhodin suggest that endothelial change may accompany these transport phenomena.Twelve rats received two Dexamethasone (DEX) ip injections (25 μg DEX/100 g body wt.), the first at 8 PM and the second at 8 AM the next day, to inhibit the release of endogenous ACTH by the anterior pituitary. The animals were then divided into two groups. Six animals received only saline vehicle and six rats received ACTH (100 ng/100 g body wt.).

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