Effects of three infusion fluids with different sodium chloride contents on steady-state serum concentrations of bromide in dogs

To the Editor.— The case report of carbamazepine intoxication secondary to isoniazid administration recently described in this journal1 is a clinically significant interaction. I have previously presented2 a similar case in which a patient receiving carbamazepine, valproate, and nitrazepam developed severe carbamazepine intoxication when isoniazid was added to the drug regimen. The patient was determined to have inherited the slow acetylator phenotype. On careful rechallenge, 300 mg of isoniazid increased carbamazepine steady-state serum concentrations by 85% and decreased carbamazepine clearance by 45%.

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Subchronic Toxicity of S-111-S-WB in Sprague Dawley Rats

International Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1177/1091581810370372 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 358-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jozef J. W. M. Mertens ◽

Daniel W. Sved ◽

Gary B. Marit ◽

Nichole R. Myers ◽

Phil L. Stetson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Steady State ◽

Ammonium Salts ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Subchronic Toxicity ◽

Lower Serum ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Steady State Serum ◽

Effect Level

S-111-S-WB, a mixture of perfluoro fatty acid ammonium salts (C6-C13), was administered orally to Crl:CD (SD)IGS-BR rats. Higher hepatic β-oxidation and liver weights with hepatocellular hypertrophy were present at the 0.125 and 0.6 mg/kg/d dosage. The 0.6 mg/kg/d males developed hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis. Lower serum protein and higher bilirubin and BUN were seen in the 0.6 mg/kg/d males and lower globulin and higher alkaline phosphatase in the 0.125 mg/kg/d males and 0.6 mg/kg/d animals. After 2 weeks, serum concentrations of pentadecafluorooctanoic acid (C8), heptadecafluorononanoic acid (C9), perfluoroundecanoic acid (C11), and perfluorotridecanoic acid (C13) were constant for at least 8 hours. After 90 days, only C9 in the 0.025 mg/kg/d females had reached steady state. Serum C8 and C9 concentrations in the males were 10-fold higher than in the females, whereas C11 and C13 were similar for both genders. The main elimination was via the urine for C8 (males) and C9 (females), and via the feces for C11 and C13. The no-observed-effect level (NOEL) was 0.025 mg/kg/d for the males and 0.125 mg/kg/d for the females.

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Distribution of clomipramine in various brain regions of rats under steady-state serum concentrations

Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1007/bf00174503 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

K. Kurata ◽

M. Kurachi ◽

Y. Tanii

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Steady State Serum

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Ticarcillin: Pharmacokinetics in Man According to Different Administration Schedules

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/030006057700500504 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 308-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A Dalhoff ◽

D Höffler

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Total Dose ◽

Continuous Infusion ◽

Intravenous Infusion ◽

Half Life ◽

Loading Dose ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Semisynthetic Penicillin ◽

Steady State Serum ◽

Administration Schedules

The pharmacokinetic characteristics of ticarcillin, a semisynthetic penicillin more active than carbenicillin against Pseudomonas, were studied. Following a rapid intravenous infusion of 1 g, 2 g, 5 g and 10 g ticarcillin respectively the serum half-life was 72·4 minutes independent of the dosage administered. If ticarcillin is administered under steady-state conditions, e.g. continuous infusion of either 2 g/hr or 1 g/hr following a loading dose of 1 g (total dose 5 g) the average steady-state serum concentrations are 125 μg/ml and 105 μg/ml respectively.

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Steady state serum concentrations of pravastatin and digoxin when given in combination.

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2125.1993.tb04227.x ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 263-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J Triscari ◽

BN Swanson ◽

DA Willard ◽

AI Cohen ◽

A Devault ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Steady State Serum

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Impact of the CYP2D6 genotype on steady-state serum concentrations of aripiprazole and dehydroaripiprazole

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.1007/s00228-007-0373-6 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 63 (12) ◽

pp. 1147-1151 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Magnhild Hendset ◽

Monica Hermann ◽

Hilde Lunde ◽

Helge Refsum ◽

Espen Molden

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Cyp2d6 Genotype ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Steady State Serum

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Steady-State Serum Concentrations of Dothiepin and Northiaden after Two Dosage Regimens of Dothiepin Hydrochloride (Prothiaden)

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/030006057300100202 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 391-397

Author(s):

B R S Nakra ◽

R C Glass ◽

J A Rees

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Parent Drug ◽

State Level ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Single Daily Dose ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Dosage Regimens ◽

Daily Dose ◽

Steady State Serum ◽

Steady State Levels

Five healthy volunteers took part in a crossover study which examined the serum concentrations of dothiepin and northiaden after a 25 mg three times a day and a 75 mg once a day dosage regimen of Prothiaden. The inter-individual variation of serum levels was large after either schedule which is to be expected with this group of drugs. The minimum steady-state level of dothiepin tended to be lower after the single daily dose, but the differences were small and not statistically significant. The approximate maximum steady-state levels of dothiepin showed large intra- and inter-subject variation and no obvious trend. The values of the desmethylated metabolite, northiaden, tended to follow the dothiepin concentrations but were lower than the parent drug. Average steady-state levels tended, with one exception, to be very similar after both regimens with no evidence of any trend when comparing the two regimens. The study showed that the two regimens yielded similar steady-state serum concentrations both of drug and metabolite but inter-individual differences were large.

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Evaluation of Three Methods for Determining Initial Vancomycin Doses

DICP ◽

10.1177/106002808902300203 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 123-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bruce H. Ackerman

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Serum Concentration ◽

Pharmacokinetic Data ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Dose Selection ◽

Open Model ◽

Dosing Interval ◽

Steady State Serum ◽

Serum Vancomycin ◽

Compartment Open Model

Dosing methods proposed by Matzke et al., Moellering et al., and Lake and Peterson were used to predict initial doses of vancomycin for serum concentration simulation using a two-compartment open model. Previously reported pharmacokinetic data from 25 of 28 patients were used to simulate steady-state serum vancomycin concentrations for doses derived from the three methods. The Matzke method failed to provide simulated one-hour postinfusion levels < 30 μg/mL in 48 percent and troughs > 5 μg/mL in more than 88 percent of the patients. The Moellering method succeeded in achieving this goal in 96 percent of the simulated one-hour levels, and in 72 percent of the troughs when a six-hour dosing interval was selected. For the 8 mg/kg Lake-Peterson doses, one-hour levels > 30 μg/mL occurred in 28 percent of the simulations, and for the 10 mg/kg doses this increased to 40 percent. The 8 mg/kg doses resulted in trough simulations < 5 μg/mL in 28 percent and the 10 mg/kg reduced this to only 20 percent. These simulations indicated that the Moellering nomogram with the six-hour dosing interval was the most successful method for initial dose selection, but early serum concentration monitoring and adjustment of initial empirical and nomogram-derived doses is necessary to assure safe and effective vancomycin serum concentrations.

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