scholarly journals Self‐facilitation and negative species interactions could drive microscale vegetation mosaic in a floating fen

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara J. H. M. Bergen ◽  
Ralph J. M. Temmink ◽  
Loekie Tweel‐Groot ◽  
Wiene J. Bakker ◽  
Katrin Rehlmeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Vegetation Mosaic

Effects of marine reserves on predator-prey interactions in central California kelp forests

2020 ◽  
Vol 655 ◽  
pp. 139-155
Author(s):  
DC Yates ◽  
SI Lonhart ◽  
SL Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Marine Reserves ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Kelp Forests ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Central California ◽  
Invertebrate Predators ◽  
Predatory Fishes ◽  
Density And Biomass

Marine reserves are often designed to increase density, biomass, size structure, and biodiversity by prohibiting extractive activities. However, the recovery of predators following the establishment of marine reserves and the consequent cessation of fishing may have indirect negative effects on prey populations by increasing prey mortality. We coupled field surveys with empirical predation assays (i.e. tethering experiments) inside and outside of 3 no-take marine reserves in kelp forests along the central California coast to quantify the strength of interactions between predatory fishes and their crustacean prey. Results indicated elevated densities and biomass of invertebrate predators inside marine reserves compared to nearby fished sites, but no significant differences in prey densities. The increased abundance of predators inside marine reserves translated to a significant increase in mortality of 2 species of decapod crustaceans, the dock shrimp Pandalus danae and the cryptic kelp crab Pugettia richii, in tethering experiments. Shrimp mortality rates were 4.6 times greater, while crab mortality rates were 7 times greater inside reserves. For both prey species, the time to 50% mortality was negatively associated with the density and biomass of invertebrate predators (i.e. higher mortality rates where predators were more abundant). Video analyses indicated that macro-invertivore fishes arrived 2 times faster to tethering arrays at sites inside marine reserves and began attacking tethered prey more rapidly. The results indicate that marine reserves can have direct and indirect effects on predators and their prey, respectively, and highlight the importance of considering species interactions in making management decisions.

Are local losses of biodiversity causing degraded ecosystem function?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Vellend
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Degraded Ecosystem ◽  
Biodiversity Change ◽  
Local Extirpation

This chapter highlights the scale dependence of biodiversity change over time and its consequences for arguments about the instrumental value of biodiversity. While biodiversity is in decline on a global scale, the temporal trends on regional and local scales include cases of biodiversity increase, no change, and decline. Environmental change, anthropogenic or otherwise, causes both local extirpation and colonization of species, and thus turnover in species composition, but not necessarily declines in biodiversity. In some situations, such as plants at the regional scale, human-mediated colonizations have greatly outnumbered extinctions, thus causing a marked increase in species richness. Since the potential influence of biodiversity on ecosystem function and services is mediated to a large degree by local or neighborhood species interactions, these results challenge the generality of the argument that biodiversity loss is putting at risk the ecosystem service benefits people receive from nature.

scholarly journals Between virus correlations in the outcome of infection across host species: Evidence of virus by host species interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan M. Imrie ◽  
Katherine E. Roberts ◽  
Ben Longdon
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Species Interactions

scholarly journals Functional traits shape small mammal-helminth network: patterns and processes in species interactions

Parasitology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Thiago dos Santos Cardoso ◽  
Cecilia Siliansky de Andreazzi ◽  
Arnaldo Maldonado Junior ◽  
Rosana Gentile
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
Network Patterns

scholarly journals Influence of the Electrolyte Salt Concentration on DNA Detection with Graphene Transistors

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Agnes Purwidyantri ◽  
Telma Domingues ◽  
Jérôme Borme ◽  
Joana Rafaela Guerreiro ◽  
Andrey Ipatov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Debye Length ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Single Layer Graphene ◽  
Dna Adsorption

Liquid-gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistors (GFET) are ultrasensitive bio-detection platforms carrying out the graphene’s exceptional intrinsic functionalities. Buffer and dilution factor are prevalent strategies towards the optimum performance of the GFETs. However, beyond the Debye length (λD), the role of the graphene-electrolytes’ ionic species interactions on the DNA behavior at the nanoscale interface is complicated. We studied the characteristics of the GFETs under different ionic strength, pH, and electrolyte type, e.g., phosphate buffer (PB), and phosphate buffer saline (PBS), in an automatic portable built-in system. The electrostatic gating and charge transfer phenomena were inferred from the field-effect measurements of the Dirac point position in single-layer graphene (SLG) transistors transfer curves. Results denote that λD is not the main factor governing the effective nanoscale screening environment. We observed that the longer λD was not the determining characteristic for sensitivity increment and limit of detection (LoD) as demonstrated by different types and ionic strengths of measuring buffers. In the DNA hybridization study, our findings show the role of the additional salts present in PBS, as compared to PB, in increasing graphene electron mobility, electrostatic shielding, intermolecular forces and DNA adsorption kinetics leading to an improved sensitivity.

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