scholarly journals Means of mechanization and technological methods for the restoration of degraded mountain agricultural landscapes

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Irina Soldatova ◽  
Sergey Dzhibilov ◽  
Eduard Soldatov ◽  
Lyudmila Guluyeva
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The authors present the results of R & D and new aggregates for improving degraded slope areas. The purpose of the study is to develop new systems of grassland management to increase soil fertility and accelerate the restoration of mountain areas. The object of the study is agricultural practices that increase the productivity of mountain phytocenoses with aggregates developed by the authors for the following operations: slitting, sowing grass seeds and applying mineral fertilizers. The tasks of the research included: to study the optimal distance between the springy stands of the chisel cultivator KCHG-2,4 and to assess the impact of the conducted agricultural practices on changing the floral composition of the grass stand, improving the plant nutrition regime and water-air regime, enriching the grass stands by seeding valuable grass species. The novelty of the technical solution is that new resource-saving methods have been developed to improve the phytocenosis of land using small-sized universal aggregates. The tests were carried out in the mountain zone of the RNO – Alania (Dargava basin, the stronghold of the SKNIIGPSH) at an altitude of 1540m above sea level in the south-eastern exposure with a slope steepness of up to 150. The pasture area is heavily degraded. The experimental section is divided into three repetitions. The width of each repetition is 2.4 m, the length is 10 m, the dividing strips are 1m, the side strips are 2.4 m. The total area of the experimental site located across the slope is 184.2 m2. Results. It was found that a higher yield for three years of observations was revealed in the variant with a distance between the slits of 1.5 m. In relation to the control variant, in the first year of observations, the increase in this variant was 8.9 c/ha of dry weight, and in the third year this indicator increased to 12.5 c/ha, while in the variant with slits after 1 m, this indicator was 5.2–6.7 c/ha, respectively, and at a distance of 2.4 m – 4.3–5.1 c/ha (42 % of the soil cover).

scholarly journals Technologies and methods of restoration of degraded forage lands of the Central Caucasus

2020 ◽  
Vol 203 (12) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Irina Soldatova ◽  
Sergey Dzhibilov ◽  
Eduard Soldatov ◽  
Lyudmila Guluyeva
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The article presents the results of R&D and new units for the restoration of degraded mountain areas. The purpose of the study is the accelerated restoration of the natural phytocenosis and the implementation of measures to improve meadows using these aggregates. The object of the study is the technologies and units developed by the authors for the following operations: cutting bumps, raking stones, sowing grass mixtures with the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers. The research objectives included: determining the initial floristic composition of a degraded mountain meadow; assessment of the impact of events and agricultural practices on the change in the floristic composition of the grass stand, its productivity and energy intensity; identification of the effectiveness of the application of the developed units when sowing herbs in turf and targeted application of mineral fertilizers. The novelty of the technical solution lies in the fact that new resource-saving methods have been developed to improve mountain fodder land using small-sized universal units. . The tests were carried out at a mountain hospital located on the southeastern exposition of the Dargavskiy depression of the North Ossetia-Alania, at an altitude of 1650 m above sea level with a slope of 10°, in six plots, with a recorded area of 360 m2. Three options in triplicate. The first option is natural seeding, and the second is grass seeding by the aggregate, the third option is grass seeding and low doses of N60P45K20 fertilizers. The plots are located across the slope randomized. It was found that at a concentration of 17.2 MJ of energy in 1 kg of dry matter of feed, the total collection in the control plot was 29.7 GJ, and in the seeded experimental field – 85.3 GJ; the crop of the aboveground fodder mass, when sowing grasses, in the first year of observations amounted to 21.8 c/ha of dry weight, which is 3 times higher than in the control. During the growing season of the third year of observations, the yield in the sown area was 39.2 c/ha of dry weight against 19.3 c/ha in the control.

scholarly journals The challenge of abandonment for the sustainable management of Palaearctic natural and semi-natural grasslands

Hacquetia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orsolya Valkó ◽  
Stephen Venn ◽  
Michał Żmihorski ◽  
Idoia Biurrun ◽  
Rocco Labadessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Core ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Biomass Removal ◽  
Management Regimes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Grassland Biodiversity

Abstract Disturbance by biomass removal is a crucial mechanism maintaining the diversity of Palaearctic grasslands, which are unique biodiversity hotspots. The century-long traditional land use of mowing, grazing and burning, has been fundamentally changed in many parts of the Palaearctic. Due to socio-economic changes, large areas of former pastures and meadows have been abandoned, leading to a succession towards secondary scrublands or forest and the encroachment of competitor grass species, all leading to a decrease in biodiversity. Here we report the causes and consequences of the cessation of traditional grassland management regimes, provide strategies for reducing the impact of abandonment and consider these from the perspective of sustainability. We consider the possibilities for initiating sustainable management regimes in the contemporary socio-economic environment, and discuss the prospects and limitation of alternative management regimes in the conservation of grassland biodiversity. These themes are also the core topics of this Special Feature, edited by the EDGG. We hope that this Special Feature will encourage steps towards more sustainable strategies for the conservation of Palaearctic grasslands and the integration of the sustainability perspective into their conservation.

scholarly journals NATURAL RESOURCES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN A MOUNTAIN ECONOMY

10.26458/1845 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
Viorica Jelev
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
The Impact

 This paper presents the existing situation at national and world level considering the available water resources, their vulnerability especially in the mountains areas, the impact of climate changes, the possible conflicts regarding the intensification of water shortage in some regions of the world. I also present a case study on forests in Romania. Beginning with the general data mentioned above, we point out the specific peculiarities of the mountain area hydrology for identifying some aspects which are specific to the mountain water relationship. The analysis is necessary as no specifications regarding the mountain hilly or plain areas are done in the activity regarding waters management. Waters are managed unitary on river basins considering some general principles, unanimously recognized, well reflected into the national and international regulations. As a first stage, traditional economic activities are identified in the relationship of the mountain areas inhabitants with water but also some present approaches. The way the mountain areas inhabitants knew how to live together and capitalize water resources represents a model and impulse for coming back to such sustainable solutions but capitalizing the advantages of modern technologies. Each of these activities referring to waters which take place in the mountains area can represent ways for the research activity and future thorough studies from the technical, economic, social, cultural-traditional point of view and also for environment protection. A main preoccupation might have connection with the evolution of agricultural activities in the mountains area considering the climate changes and a possible “migration” towards higher areas of some agricultural practices specific to lower areas. The paper also shows a small example of the regaining by the locals of a community of an important resource for their lives in the hands of corporations: the forests defaced by HOLZINDUSTRIE SCHWEIGHOFER and stop flooding villages. 

scholarly journals The way to solve the problem of degradation of mountain pastures of the Central Caucasus

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 (6) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Sergey Dzhibilov ◽  
Eduard Soldatov ◽  
Lyudmila Guluyeva ◽  
Irina Soldatova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
New Device ◽  
The North ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
Working Bodies

Abstract. The authors presented the results of research and development, on the basis of which a new device was created that facilitates the restoration of degraded mountain pastures after unsystematic use with excessive grass grazing. The purpose of the study is to develop a new method of improvement and a prototype of attachments that will allow the seeding of perennial grasses in sparse grass and bare areas of the soil, which will increase stiffness. The object of the study are the working bodies: sowing devices, the original design, scatter cones, net runners. The novelty of the technical solution lies in the fact that the authors of the article developed a new resource-saving method for improving mountain fodder land using a modernized seeder equipped with removable working bodies for automatic, targeted seed sowing, sowing seeds only in degraded and bare areas, skipping areas with normal grass stand. The tests were carried out at a mountain hospital, located on the southeastern exposition of the Dargavsky depression of the North Ossetia-Alania, at an altitude of 1650 m above sea level with a slope of 10°, in six plots, with a recorded area of 360 m2 two options in triplicate. The first option is natural seeding, and the second is the seeding of grasses by the aggregate. The plots are located across the slope randomized. It was found that at a concentration of 17.2 MJ of energy in 1 kg of dry matter of feed, the total collection in the control plot was 29.7 GJ, and in the seeded experimental field – 85.3 GJ. It was revealed that changes in the grass stand influenced the accumulation of biomass of phytocenosis. So, the crop of the aboveground fodder mass, when sowing grasses, in the first year of observations was 18.2 c/ha of dry weight, which is 5 times higher than in the control. During the growing season of the third year of observations, the yield in the sown area was 59.1 c/ha of dry weight against 17.3 c/ha in the control.

scholarly journals Methods for improvement of mountain agricultural landscapes

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Sergey Dzhibilov ◽  
Lyudmila Guluyeva ◽  
Eduard Soldatov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Mountain Slope ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
First Time

Abstract. The authors presented the results of research and development, on the basis of which a new resource-saving method and unit for raking and recycling stones from the slopes of meadows and pastures with an exposure slope of up to 12° was designed and created in order to improve, reduce erosion processes and increase the productivity of mountain slope areas. The purpose of the research is to develop a new method of improvement and a prototype of a mounted stone harvesting unit for slope natural forage lands with the utilization of small and medium-sized stones in simultaneously cut channels. The object of research is the working bodies for raking stones with a diameter of more than 50 mm (comb) and a special plow that cuts channels for their subsequent disposal. The novelty of the technical solution is that for the first time the small-sized chisel cultivator KPG-2, 4 is equipped with new working bodies for removing stones from slope meadows and pastures. The developed unit carries out Shuttle movement, starting from the top of the meadow part of the slope, corrals across the slope, raking stones with a comb, and, as necessary, disposing of them in the channel, simultaneously cut with the help of a single-body plow. The unit was tested in a hospital on the southern slope of the Dargava basin of the RSO-Alania (left Bank of the Gizeldon river) at an altitude of 1650 m below sea level, with a slope of 10°. The use of the developed unit allows enriching the soil with organic nutrients that stimulate the increase in the productivity of forage lands, reduce erosion and other degradation processes of the soil cover, create favorable conditions for the use of mechanization tools in meadows and pastures increase the environmental and economic significance of natural forage lands.

Stocking rate affects plant community structure and reproductive strategies of a desirable and an undesirable grass species in an alpine steppe, Qilian Mountains, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Yarong Guo ◽  
Xiong Z. He ◽  
Fujiang Hou ◽  
Jizhou Ren
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Alpine Steppe ◽  
Stocking Rates

The effects of grazing on species reproduction is a fundamental issue of grassland management. We investigated plant density and dry weight changes at community and species levels, and the reproductive strategies of the dominant desirable Stipa purpurea and the undesirable Achnatherum inebrians grass species in response to stocking rate in an alpine steppe with a 10-year grazing history. Results showed complex patterns of plant community and reproductive strategy. Overall plant density increased with increasing stocking rate and dry weight was significantly higher at light and high stocking rates. Plant density and dry weight of A. inebrians peaked at moderate stocking rates. Higher stocking rate had little impact on S. purpurea density but significantly reduced its dry weight. Both species displayed linearly increasing/decreasing or unimodal/bimodal reproductive effort in response to increased stocking rate. The discrepancies in plant reproductive characteristics between S. purpurea and A. inebrians indicated that: (1) light and moderate grazing may promote an adaption strategy of reproduction by desirable species, which may then contribute to their maintenance in grasslands, and (2) undesirable species presence did not lead to the replacement of desirable species in the grasslands. Therefore, light and moderate stocking rates are recommended to maintain the grasslands and to increase the reproductive outputs of desirable species.

scholarly journals Improvement of mechanization and agricultural technologies in the mountainous and foothill regions of the North Caucasus

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
С ДЖИБИЛОВ ◽  
Sergey Dzhibilov ◽  
Л ГУЛУЕВА ◽  
Lyudmila Guluyeva ◽  
Ирина Солдатова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Experimental Development ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
The North ◽  
Mountain Meadows

Abstract. The authors presented the results of scientific research and experimental development, on the basis of which a prototype was designed and created for applying liquid fertilizers to the grass and the soil surface of mountain meadows and pastures in order to improve them, reduce erosion processes and increase productivity. The aim of the work: to develop and create a combined multifunctional unit for the application of liquid fertilizers on mountain meadows and pastures, providing an increase in the productivity of agricultural landscapes and profitability of agricultural production by 15–20 %. The object of the study are fertilizer application rates and interchangeable working parts: a container for liquid mineral fertilizers, a collector of sprayers, tips. The novelty of the technical solution lies in the fact that a combined multifunctional unit based on a chisel cultivator ССМ-2,4 was created for the first time. The research of the unit was carried out on the basis of the workshop of the mechanization group of the North Caucasus Research Institute of Mining and Piedmont Agriculture (NCRIMPAC) and at the high-altitude experimental site in the village of Dargavs Prigorodny district of North Ossetia-Alania. When creating a prototype of a unit for applying liquid fertilizers, the developments of the authors are used and combined, which are confirmed by the issuance of patents for useful model of the Russian Federation No. 144420 and No. 130781. As a result of the application of the developed prototype of the unit, the erosion processes are reduced, the productivity and profitability of the sloping lands increases, and the botanical composition of the herbs is improved. It was established that the design and functionality of the proposed unit also allow it to be used in the mountain zone in nursery farms and on tilled crops with simultaneous application of liquid fertilizers in the forest zone. The use of a prototype unit will reduce erosion and other types of degradation of the fertile soil in the mountains, solve the problem of surface improvement of hayfields and pastures and, as a result, increase the productivity of forage lands by 15–20 %.

scholarly journals Advanced Technology for Improving Degraded Slopes in Mountainous and Foothill Zones

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
S. M. Dzhibilov ◽  
L. R. Gulueva
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Slope Steepness ◽  
Potash Salt ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

The authors presented the technology and mechanization means for the restoration of degraded mountain areas with slope steepness up to 15 degrees.(Research purpose) To determine the optimal distance between the springy racks of the chisel cultivator KCHG-2.4; to characterize the developed block-module of the multifunctional unit KCHG-2.4, which performed three operations after the slitting process: sowing grasses, applying mineral fertilizers and rolling the sown seeds and granular fertilizers into the soil; to determine the effectiveness of the developed agricultural practices that increased productivity and the environment-forming role of mountain phytocenoses.(Materials and methods). The tests were carried out in the mountainous zone of North Ossetia - Alania at an altitude of 1540 meters above sea level with slope steepness up to 15 degrees. The experimental area was divided into three replicates. Each replicate was 2.4 meters wide, 10 meters long, dividing stripes 1 meter, side stripes 2.4 meters. The total test area, located across the slope, was 184.2 square meters.(Results and discussion) The springy Väderstad strut of the KCG-2.4 unit was used to slit the mountain slopes. For overseeding, a three-component grass mixture of Phleum pratense L., Dactylis glomerata L. and Trifolium pratense L. was proposed at a seeding rate of 15 kilograms per hectare. When applying mineral fertilizers, the following composition was used (in the active ingredient): ammonium nitrate – 35 percent; superphosphate – 20; potash salt – 40 percent, in total 445 kilograms per hectare. An increase in dry aboveground mass of 3.02-4.19 tons per hectare and the accumulation of underground plant mass in the range of 1.84-12.62 tons per hectare were got, depending on the variant of the experiment.(Conclusions) The authors found out that, a higher yield was obtained with a distance between the slits of 1.5 meters for 3 years of observations. It was found that the use of the unit increased the collection of feed units from 0.81-1.68 to 4.06-4.98 thousand per hectare. Taking into account all costs, the cost of one feed unit was 8.76 rubles.

Morphological and Physiological Comparisons of Clonal Lines of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. II. Responses to Waterlogging/Salinity and Alkalinity

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
RCC Farrell ◽  
DT Bell ◽  
K Akilan ◽  
JK Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Clonal Lines ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh ◽  
The Impact

Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. has previously been shown to survive and grow in waterlogged, highly saline and highly alkaline soils. The ability of six clones from five provenances of E. camaldulensis to produce biomass and utilise water, and the processes of stomatal conductance and gas exchange under stress conditions was examined under controlled conditions in a glasshouse. A clone originally from Wooramel, Western Australia (M80) produced the largest total plant biomass, the greatest total leaf area and greatest total root dry weight under conditions of waterlogging and gradually increasing salinity. A second clone from Wooramel (M16), however, tended to be among the least productive of the clones under this stress, indicating the wide potential variation in stress tolerance of trees from a single provenance. The response of clones to alkalinity stress was comparable to that measured under waterlogging/salinity stress. Water use was closely related to biomass production. Leaves produced while under salinity and alkalinity stress were comparable in ion content to those produced prior to the test conditions. An ability to control uptake by roots or limit ion transport to leaf tissues were hypothesised as controlling physiological functions resulting in tolerance to severe soil ion imbalances in this species. The impact of solution conductivity on stomatal conductance and water use, secondarily affected photosynthetic rates in these clones of E. camaldulensis. Tolerance of extreme conditions provides the opportunity to use these genotypes to reclaim damaged agricultural landscapes and mine spoils of high soil solution ion concentrations.

Prospects of spring wheat cultivation in the conditions of arid Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Valery Genadievich Popov ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Panfilov ◽  
Yuriy Vyacheslavovich Bondarenko ◽  
Konstantin Mikhailovich Doronin ◽  
Evgeny Nikolaevih Martynov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the experience of the impact of the system of forest belts and mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat, including on irrigated lands. Vegetation irrigation is designed to maintain the humidity of the active soil layer from germination to maturation at the lower level of the optimum-70-75%, and in the phases of tubulation-earing - flowering - 75-80% NV. However, due to the large differences in zones and microzones of soil and climate conditions and due to the weather conditions of individual years, wheat irrigation regimes require a clear differentiation. In the Volga region in the dry autumn rainfalls give the norm of 800-1000 m3/ha, and in saline soils – 1000-1300 and 3-4 vegetation irrigation at tillering, phases of booting, earing and grain formation the norm 600-650 m3/ha. the impact of the system of forest belts, mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat is closely tied to the formation of microclimate at different distances from forest edges.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document