Drivers of change and stability in the gut microbiota of an omnivorous avian migrant exposed to artificial food supplementation

AbstractSupplemental feeding can increase the overall health of animals but also can have varying consequences for animals dealing with parasites. Furthermore, the mechanism mediating the effect of food supplementation on host-parasite interactions remains poorly understood.The goal of the study was to determine the effect of food supplementation on host defenses against parasitic nest flies and whether host gut microbiota, which can affect immunity, potentially mediates these relationships. In a fully crossed design, I experimentally manipulated the abundance of parasitic nest flies (Protocalliphora sialia) and food availability then characterized the gut microbiota, immune responses, and nest parasite abundance of nestling eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis).Food supplemented birds had 75% fewer parasites than unsupplemented birds. Parasite abundance decreased throughout the breeding season for unsupplemented birds, but abundance did not change throughout the season for supplemented birds. Food supplementation increased overall fledging success. Parasitism had a sublethal effects on blood loss, but food supplementation mitigated these effects by increasing parasite resistance via the nestling IgY antibody response.Food supplementation increased the gut bacterial diversity in nestlings, which was negatively related to parasite abundance. Food supplementation also increased the relative abundance of Clostridium spp. in nestlings, which was positively related to their antibody response and negatively related to parasite abundance.Synthesis and applications. Overall, these results suggest that food supplementation, especially early in the breeding season, increases resistance to parasitism during the early life stage of the host, which could be mediated by the effect of supplementation on the gut microbiota. Wildlife food supplementation is a common pastime for humans worldwide and therefore it is important to determine the consequences of this activity on animal health. Furthermore, supplemental feeding could induce resistance to detrimental parasites (e.g. invasive parasites) in hosts when management of the parasite is not immediately possible.

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Strain-level functional variation in the human gut microbiota based on bacterial binding to artificial food particles

Cell Host & Microbe ◽

10.1016/j.chom.2021.01.007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 664-673.e5

Author(s):

Michael L. Patnode ◽

Janaki L. Guruge ◽

Juan J. Castillo ◽

Garret A. Couture ◽

Vincent Lombard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Strain Level ◽

Human Gut ◽

Functional Variation ◽

Artificial Food ◽

Human Gut Microbiota ◽

Bacterial Binding ◽

Food Particles

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Development of in vitro Biofilm Model: Artificial Food Supplementation in Chemostat-type System

Journal of Oral Biosciences ◽

10.1016/s1349-0079(04)80010-0 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 27-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Noriyuki Monoi ◽

Hirotaka Ohta ◽

Seiji Morishima ◽

Yoshihito Ochiai

Keyword(s):

Type System ◽

Food Supplementation ◽

Artificial Food ◽

Biofilm Model

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Food Additives, a Key Environmental Factor in the Development of IBD through Gut Dysbiosis

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms10010167 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 167

Author(s):

Pauline Raoul ◽

Marco Cintoni ◽

Marta Palombaro ◽

Luisa Basso ◽

Emanuele Rinninella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Environmental Factor ◽

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Food Additives ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Nutritional Therapy ◽

Artificial Food ◽

Abnormal Immune Response

Diet is a key environmental factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and, at the same time, represents one of the most promising therapies for IBD. Our daily diet often contains food additives present in numerous processed foods and even in dietary supplements. Recently, researchers and national authorities have been paying much attention to their toxicity and effects on gut microbiota and health. This review aims to gather the latest data focusing on the potential role of food additives in the pathogenesis of IBDs through gut microbiota modulation. Some artificial emulsifiers and sweeteners can induce the dysbiosis associated with an alteration of the intestinal barrier, an activation of chronic inflammation, and abnormal immune response accelerating the onset of IBD. Even if most of these results are retrieved from in vivo and in vitro studies, many artificial food additives can represent a potential hidden driver of gut chronic inflammation through gut microbiota alterations, especially in a population with IBD predisposition. In this context, pending the confirmation of these results by large human studies, it would be advisable that IBD patients avoid the consumption of processed food containing artificial food additives and follow a personalized nutritional therapy prescribed by a clinical nutritionist.

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Effect of dietary supplementation of lauric acid on growth performance, antioxidative capacity, intestinal development and gut microbiota on black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0262427 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. e0262427

Author(s):

Sami Ullah ◽

Jinzhi Zhang ◽

Bingying Xu ◽

Arnaud Fabrice Tegomo ◽

Gladstone Sagada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Black Sea ◽

Lauric Acid ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Sea Bream ◽

Food Supplementation ◽

Control Group ◽

Acanthopagrus Schlegelii ◽

Influence Of Food ◽

Total Body

A feeding trial of eight weeks was conducted to examine the influence of food supplementation with lauric acid (LA) on Acanthopagrus schlegelii (juvenile black sea bream). A 24 percent fish meal baseline diet was created, while the other two diets were generated with dietary supplementation of graded points of LA at 0.1 percent and 0.8 percent, respectively. Each diet was given a triplicate tank with 20 fish weighing 6.22 ± 0.19 g. In comparison with the control group, the weight gain rate, growth rate, as well as feed efficiency of fish fed of 0.1 percent diet of LA were considerably (P < 0.05) greater. The total body and dorsal muscle proximate compositions did not change significantly between groups (P > 0.05). Triglyceride (TG) content was considerably (P < 0.05) greater in the LA-supplemented meals eating group in comparison with the control group. In the group eating LA-supplemented meals, the height of villus and the number of goblet cells/villus were considerably (P < 0.05) larger. The microbial makeup of the gut was also studied. The differences in phyla, class, and family level were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Firmicutes in the phylum, Betaproteobacteri, Gammaproteobacteria, and Clostridia in the class, and Clostridiaceae in the family were all substantially increased with higher levels of LA supplementation (P < 0.05). According to the findings of this study, an LA-supplemented diet improves fish development, antioxidative capability, gut microbiota and intestinal health.

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