scholarly journals Combined GWAS and eQTL analysis uncovers a genetic regulatory network orchestrating the initiation of secondary cell wall development in cotton

2020 ◽  
Vol 226 (6) ◽  
pp. 1738-1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghua Li ◽  
Pengcheng Wang ◽  
Chunyuan You ◽  
Jiwen Yu ◽  
Xiangnan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Genetic Regulatory Network ◽  
Eqtl Analysis ◽  
Cell Wall Development

Lignification of spruce tracheid secondary cell walls related to longitudinal hardness and modulus of elasticity using nano-indentation

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 1029-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Gindl ◽  
H S Gupta ◽  
C Grünwald
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Nano Indentation ◽  
Secondary Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Wall Development ◽  
The One

The lignin content and the mechanical properties of lignifying and fully lignified spruce tracheid secondary cell walls were determined using UV microscopy and nano-indentation, respectively. The average lignin content of developing tracheids was 0.10 g·g–1, as compared with 0.21 g·g–1 in mature tracheids. The modulus of elasticity of developing cells was on average 22% lower than the one measured in mature, fully lignified cells. For the longitudinal hardness, a larger difference of 26% was observed. As lignifying cells in the cambial zone are undergoing cell wall development, spaces in the cellulose–hemicellulose structure are filled with lignin and the density of the cell wall is believed to increase. It is therefore suggested that the observed difference in modulus of elasticity between developing and fully lignified cell walls is due to the filling of spaces with lignin and an increase of the packing density of the cell wall during lignification. Although remarkably less stiff than the composite polysaccharide structure in the secondary cell wall, lignin may be considered equally hard. Therefore, the observed increase in lignin content may contribute directly to the measured increase of hardness.Key words: secondary cell wall, hardness, lignin, modulus of elasticity, wood formation.

scholarly journals Emerging roles of small GTPases in secondary cell wall development

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihisa Oda ◽  
Hiroo Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Small Gtpases ◽  
Cell Wall Development

Molecular analysis of the hull-less seed trait in pumpkin: expression profiles of genes related to seed coat development11

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd N. Bezold ◽  
Dennis Mathews ◽  
J. Brent Loy ◽  
Subhash C. Minocha
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Cell Wall Development

We undertook a comparative study of molecular changes during development of seed coats in the wild-type and a recessive hull-less mutant of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.), with the goal of identifying key genes involved in secondary cell wall development in the testa. The mature mutant testa has reduced amounts of cellulose and lignin as compared to the wild type. The expression patterns of several genes involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis during the development of the testa are described. These genes are: CELLULOSE SYNTHASE, PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE, 4-COUMARATE-CoA LIGASE, and CINNAMOYL-CoA REDUCTASE. Additionally, the expression patterns of a few genes that were differentially expressed in the two genotypes during testa development (GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE, ABSCISIC ACID RESPONSE PROTEIN E, a SERINE-THREONINE KINASE, and a β-UREIDOPROPIONASE) are presented. The results show a coordinated expression of several genes involved in cellulose and lignin biosynthesis, as well as marked differences in the level of their expression between the two genotypes during testa development. There is generally a higher expression of genes involved in cellulose and lignin biosynthesis in the wild-type testa as compared to the mutant. The molecular data presented here are consistent with anatomical and biochemical differences between the wild-type and the mutant testae. An understanding of the genes involved in cell wall development in the testa will facilitate the manipulation of seed coat development in Cucurbita and other species for diverse commercial applications.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis of secondary cell wall development in Medicago truncatula

BMC Genomics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanzhong Wang ◽  
Jung Hyun Yang ◽  
Fang Chen ◽  
Ivone Torres-Jerez ◽  
Yuhong Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Development

scholarly journals SND2, a NAC transcription factor gene, regulates genes involved in secondary cell wall development in Arabidopsis fibres and increases fibre cell area in Eucalyptus

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G Hussey ◽  
Eshchar Mizrachi ◽  
Antanas V Spokevicius ◽  
Gerd Bossinger ◽  
Dave K Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Nac Transcription Factor ◽  
Cell Area ◽  
Transcription Factor Gene ◽  
Factor Gene ◽  
Fibre Cell ◽  
Cell Wall Development

scholarly journals Full-length transcriptomic identification of R2R3-MYB family genes related to secondary cell wall development in Cunninghamia lanceolata (Chinese fir)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hebi Zhuang ◽  
Sun-Li Chong ◽  
Borah Priyanka ◽  
Xiao Han ◽  
Erpei Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Cell Wall Development ◽  
R2r3 Myb

Abstract Background R2R3-MYB is a class of transcription factor crucial in regulating secondary cell wall development during wood formation. The regulation of wood formation in gymnosperm has been understudied due to its large genome size. Using Single-Molecule Real-Time sequencing, we obtained full-length transcriptomic libraries from the developmental stem of Cunninghamia lanceolata, a perennial conifer known as Chinese fir. The R2R3-MYB of C. lanceolata (hereafter named as ClMYB) associated with secondary wall development were identified based on phylogenetic analysis, expression studies and functional study on transgenic line. Results The evolutionary relationship of 52 ClMYBs with those from Arabidopsis thaliana, Eucalyptus grandis, Populus trichocarpa, Oryza sativa, two gymnosperm species, Pinus taeda, and Picea glauca were established by neighbour-joining phylogenetic analysis. A large number of ClMYBs resided in the woody-expanded subgroups that predominated with the members from woody dicots. In contrast, the woody-preferential subgroup strictly carrying the members of woody dicots contained only one candidate. The results suggest that the woody-expanded subgroup emerges before the gymnosperm/angiosperm split, while most of the woody-preferential subgroups are likely lineage-specific to woody dicots. Nine candidates shared the same subgroups with the A. thaliana orthologs, with known function in regulating secondary wall development. Gene expression analysis inferred that ClMYB1/2/3/4/5/26/27/49/51 might participate in secondary wall development, among which ClMYB1/2/5/26/27/49 were significantly upregulated in the highly lignified compression wood region, reinforcing their regulatory role associated with secondary wall development. ClMYB1 was experimentally proven a transcriptional activator that localised in the nucleus. The overexpression of ClMYB1 in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in an increased lignin deposition in the stems. The members of subgroup S4, ClMYB3/4/5 shared the ERF-associated amphiphilic repression motif with AtMYB4, which is known to repress the metabolism of phenylpropanoid derived compounds. They also carried a core motif specific to gymnosperm lineage, suggesting divergence of the regulatory process compared to the angiosperms. Conclusions This work will enrich the collection of full-length gymnosperm-specific R2R3-MYBs related to stem development and contribute to understanding their evolutionary relationship with angiosperm species.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Cellulose Deposition in Developing Cotton Fibers Studied by Thermogravimetric Analysis

Fibers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Cabrales ◽  
Noureddine Abidi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Cellulose Deposition ◽  
Cotton Genotypes ◽  
Cell Wall Development

During cotton fibers development, important structural changes occur, which lead to cellulose deposition and organization in the secondary cell wall. Several studies have focused on the analysis of the cell wall extracts of cotton fibers to gain an understanding of the changes in carbohydrate profiles and to determine the changes in crystallinity, cellulosic and non-cellulosic compounds at various stages of the fiber cell wall development. In this research, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to study intact fibers harvested from two cotton genotypes. Cellulose macromolecules structural changes occurring during different developmental stages were studied. The results from TGA technique were in agreement with results from other analytical techniques, which indicates that TGA could be a great tool to investigate the onset of cellulose deposition and to evaluate the cell wall composition during fiber development. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that the initiation of the secondary cell wall is genotype-dependent.

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