Electroencephalography theta/beta ratio covaries with mind wandering and functional connectivity in the executive control network

Objective: Few studies have investigated verbal working memory-related functional connectivity patterns in participants with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Thus, we aimed to compare working memory-related functional connectivity patterns in healthy children and those with ADHD, and study effects of methylphenidate (MPH). Method: Twenty-two boys with ADHD were scanned twice, under either MPH (single dose, 10 mg) or placebo, in a randomised, cross-over, counterbalanced placebo-controlled design. Thirty healthy boys were scanned once. We used fMRI during a numerical n-back task to examine functional connectivity patterns in case-control and MPH-placebo comparisons, using independent component analysis. Results: There was no significant difference in behavioural performance between children with ADHD, treated with MPH or placebo, and healthy controls. Compared with controls, participants with ADHD under placebo showed increased functional connectivity within fronto-parietal and auditory networks, and decreased functional connectivity within the executive control network. MPH normalized the altered functional connectivity pattern and significantly enhanced functional connectivity within the executive control network, though in non-overlapping areas. Conclusion: Our study contributes to the identification of the neural substrates of working memory. Single dose of MPH normalized the altered brain functional connectivity network, but had no enhancing effect on (non-impaired) behavioural performance.

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Effects of Mini-Basketball Training Program on Social Communication Impairment and Executive Control Network in Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18105132 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 5132

Author(s):

Sixin Yang ◽

Zhimei Liu ◽

Xuan Xiong ◽

Kelong Cai ◽

Lina Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Executive Control ◽

Social Communication ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Network ◽

Executive Control Network ◽

Children With Asd

This study evaluated the effect of a 12-week mini-basketball training program (MBTP) on social communication (SC) and the executive control network (ECN) in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We finally assigned 30 preschool children with ASD to an experiment group (n = 15, 12 males, 3 females) or a control group (n = 15, 13 males, 2 females). The experiment group participated in a 12-week MBTP (40-min sessions per day, 5 days a week), while the control group only received the institutional routine behavioral rehabilitation intervention. The SC of preschool children with ASD was measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS-2), whereas functional connectivity (FC) of the ECN was assessed using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) at pre-and post-test. Our results showed that SC exhibited significant improvement in the intervention group, especially in SRS-2 total score, social cognition, and social communication. We found significantly enhanced functional connectivity between the right cerebellum and left inferior frontal gyrus in the experimental group, while functional connectivity between the left middle temporal gyrus and right cerebellum were decreased in the control group. Furthermore, there were no significant correlations between the change in SC scores and FC of the ECN. Altogether, this study provides valuable insights that a 12-week MBTP improves SC and functional connectivity of the ECN in preschool children with ASD. We further inferred that neural mechanisms might be associated with changing the ECN of preschool ASD children caused by the 12-week MBTP.

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Pharmacological fMRI: Effects of subanesthetic ketamine on resting-state functional connectivity in the default mode network, salience network, dorsal attention network and executive control network

NeuroImage Clinical ◽

10.1016/j.nicl.2018.05.037 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 745-757 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Felix Mueller ◽

Francesco Musso ◽

Markus London ◽

Peter de Boer ◽

Norman Zacharias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Executive Control ◽

Default Mode Network ◽

Resting State ◽

Salience Network ◽

Control Network ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Executive Control Network ◽

Attention Network ◽

Dorsal Attention Network

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T86. Reduced Functional Connectivity in the Executive Control Network Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Implications for Emotional Regulation

Biological Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.422 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 83 (9) ◽

pp. S162 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Natalie S. Dailey ◽

Ryan Smith ◽

Adam Raikes ◽

Anna Alkozei ◽

William D.S. Killgore

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Executive Control ◽

Emotional Regulation ◽

Control Network ◽

Executive Control Network

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Group independent component analysis reveals alternation of right executive control network in Internet gaming disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852917000360 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 300-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lingxiao Wang ◽

Yifen Zhang ◽

Xiao Lin ◽

Hongli Zhou ◽

Xiaoxia Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Independent Component Analysis ◽

Executive Control ◽

Internet Gaming Disorder ◽

Control Network ◽

Gaming Disorder ◽

Executive Control Network ◽

Internet Gaming ◽

The Right ◽

Group Independent Component Analysis

ObjectivePrevious studies have demonstrated that individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) showed attentional bias toward gaming-related cues and exhibited impaired executive functions. The purpose of this study was to explore the alternations in related functional brain networks underlying attentional bias in IGD subjects.MethodsEighteen IGD subjects and 19 healthy controls (HC) were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging while they were performing an addiction Stroop task. Networks of functional connectivity were identified using group independent component analysis (ICA).ResultsICA identified 4 functional networks that showed differences between the 2 groups, which were related to the right executive control network and visual related networks in our study. Within the right executive control network, in contrast to controls, IGD subjects showed increased functional connectivity in the temporal gyrus and frontal gyrus, and reduced functional connectivity in the posterior cingulate cortex, temporal gyrus, and frontal gyrus.ConclusionThese findings suggest that IGD is related to abnormal functional connectivity of the right executive control network, and may be described as addiction-related abnormally increased cognitive control processing and diminished response inhibition during an addiction Stroop task. The results suggest that IGD subjects show increased susceptibility towards gaming-related cues but weakened strength of inhibitory control.

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