The magnitude and progress of lean body mass, fat‐free mass, and skeletal muscle mass loss following bariatric surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

ABSTRACT Background Loss of skeletal muscle mass and muscle weakness are common in a variety of clinical conditions with both wasting and weakness associated with an impairment of physical function. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a nutrition supplement that has been shown to favorably influence muscle protein turnover and thus potentially plays a role in ameliorating skeletal muscle wasting and weakness. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of HMB alone, or supplements containing HMB, on skeletal muscle mass and physical function in a variety of clinical conditions characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and weakness. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials reporting outcomes of muscle mass, strength, and physical function was performed. Two reviewers independently performed screening, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment. Outcome data were synthesized through meta-analysis with the use of a random-effects model and data presented as standardized mean differences (SMDs). Results Fifteen randomized controlled trials were included, involving 2137 patients. Meta-analysis revealed some evidence to support the effect of HMB alone, or supplements containing HMB, on increasing skeletal muscle mass (SMD = 0.25; 95% CI: –0.00, 0.50; z = 1.93; P = 0.05; I2 = 58%) and strong evidence to support improving muscle strength (SMD = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.50; z = 3.25; P = 0.001; I2 = 0%). Effect sizes were small. No effect on bodyweight (SMD = 0.16; 95% CI: –0.08, 0.41; z = 1.34; P = 0.18; I2 = 67%) or any other outcome was found. No study was considered to have low risk of bias in all categories. Conclusion HMB, and supplements containing HMB, increased muscle mass and strength in a variety of clinical conditions, although the effect size was small. Given the bias associated with many of the included studies, further high-quality studies should be undertaken to enable interpretation and translation into clinical practice. The trial was registered on PROSPERO as CRD42017058517.

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Low skeletal muscle mass and postoperative morbidity in surgical oncology: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle ◽

10.1002/jcsm.12529 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 636-649 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Linda B.M. Weerink ◽

Anouk Hoorn ◽

Barbara L. Leeuwen ◽

Geertruida H. Bock

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Postoperative Morbidity ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Surgical Oncology

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Supplementation of protein-free diet with whey protein hydrolysates prevents skeletal muscle mass loss in rats

Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.jnim.2016.03.001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yodai Kobayashi ◽

Yuuki Somoto ◽

Eri Mitsuyama ◽

Azusa Tanaka ◽

Naoki Yuda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Mass Loss ◽

Whey Protein ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Protein Hydrolysates ◽

Whey Protein Hydrolysates ◽

Muscle Mass Loss ◽

Protein Free Diet

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Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass Affects the Incidence of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Case Control Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-42056/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Masakuni Tateyama ◽

Hideaki Naoe ◽

Motohiko Tanaka ◽

Kentaro Tanaka ◽

Satoshi Narahara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽

Mass Loss ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Lumbar Vertebra ◽

Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽

Skeletal Muscle Index ◽

Muscle Mass Loss

Abstract Background: Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by progressive and systemic decreases in skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength. The influence or prognosis of various liver diseases in this condition have been widely investigated, but little is known about whether sarcopenia and/or muscle mass loss are related to minimal hepatic encephalopathy.Methods: To clarify the relationship between minimal hepatic encephalopathy and sarcopenia and/or muscle mass loss in patients with liver cirrhosis. Ninety-nine patients with liver cirrhosis were enrolled. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy was diagnosed by a neuropsychiatric test. Skeletal mass index was calculated by dividing muscle area at the third lumbar vertebra by the square of height in meters.Results: MHE was detected in 48 cases (48.5%) and sarcopenia in 6 cases (6.1%). Patients were divided into two groups, with or without MHE. Comparing groups, no significant differences were seen in serum ammonia concentration or rate of sarcopenia. Skeletal muscle index was smaller in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (46.4 cm2/m2) than in those without (51.2 cm2/m2, P = 0.027). Skeletal muscle index represented a predictive factor related to minimal hepatic encephalopathy (<50 cm2/m2; odds ratio 0.300, P = 0.002).Conclusions: Muscle mass loss was related to minimal hepatic encephalopathy, although sarcopenia was not. Measurement of muscle mass loss might be useful to predict MHE.

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Loss of skeletal muscle mass affects the incidence of minimal hepatic encephalopathy: A case control study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-42056/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Masakuni Tateyama ◽

Hideaki Naoe ◽

Motohiko Tanaka ◽

Kentaro Tanaka ◽

Satoshi Narahara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽

Mass Loss ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Psoas Muscle ◽

Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Muscle Mass Loss

Abstract Background: Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by progressive and systemic decreases in skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength. The influence or prognosis of various liver diseases in this condition have been widely investigated, but little is known about whether sarcopenia and/or muscle mass loss are related to minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE).Methods: To clarify the relationship between MHE and sarcopenia and/or muscle mass loss in patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods: Ninety-nine patients with liver cirrhosis were enrolled. MHE was diagnosed by a neuropsychiatric test. Skeletal mass index (SMI) and Psoas muscle index (PMI) were calculated by dividing skeletal muscle area and psoas muscle area at the third lumbar vertebra by the square of height in meters, respectively, to evaluate muscle volume.Results: This study enrolled 99 patients (61 males, 38 females). MHE was detected in 48 cases (48.5%) and sarcopenia in 6 cases (6.1%). Patients were divided into two groups, with or without MHE. Comparing groups, no significant differences were seen in serum ammonia concentration or rate of sarcopenia. SMI was smaller in patients with MHE (46.4 cm2/m2) than in those without (51.2 cm2/m2, P = 0.027). Similarly, PMI was smaller in patients with MHE (4.24 cm2/m2) than in those without (5.53 cm2/m2, P = 0.003). Skeletal muscle volume, which is represented by SMI or PMI was a predictive factor related to MHE (SMI ≥ 50 cm2/m2; odds ratio 0.300, P = 0.002, PMI ≥ 4.3 cm2/m2; odds ratio 0.192, P = 0.001).Conclusions: Muscle mass loss was related to minimal hepatic encephalopathy, although sarcopenia was not. Measurement of muscle mass loss might be useful to predict MHE.

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