scholarly journals Rapid expansion of optometry student numbers in the UK: potential for significant risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A Harper ◽  
John G Lawrenson
Keyword(s):  
Significant Risk ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
The Uk

Culture and the popular: Introduction to essays in memory of Brian Rigby

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-299
Author(s):  
Michael Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Us ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Uk ◽  
French Cultural Studies

This article introduces the special number of French Cultural Studies commemorating the role of Brian Rigby as the journal’s first Managing Editor. It situates his contribution in the emergence of cultural history and French cultural studies during the rapid expansion of higher education from the 1960s in France, the UK, the US and other countries. It suggests that these new areas of study saw cultural activities in a broader social context and opened the way to a wider understanding of culture, in which popular culture played an increasingly important part. It argues that the study of popular culture can illuminate some of the most mundane experiences of everyday life, and some of the most challenging. It can also help to understand the rapidly changing cultural environment in which our daily lives are now conducted.

scholarly journals The Development of Direct Payments in the UK: Implications for Social Justice

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Riddell ◽  
Charlotte Pearson ◽  
Debbie Jolly ◽  
Colin Barnes ◽  
Mark Priestley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
The Past ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Direct Payments ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Disability Movement

Direct payments have been heralded by the disability movement as an important means to achieving independent living and hence greater social justice for disabled people through enhanced recognition as well as financial redistribution. Drawing on data from the ESRC funded project Disabled People and Direct Payments: A UK Comparative Perspective, this paper presents an analysis of policy and official statistics on use of direct payments across the UK. It is argued that the potential of direct payments has only partly been realised as a result of very low and uneven uptake within and between different parts of the UK. This is accounted for in part by resistance from some Labour-controlled local authorities, which regard direct payments as a threat to public sector jobs. In addition, access to direct payments has been uneven across impairment groups. However, from a very low base there has been a rapid expansion in the use of direct payments over the past three years. The extent to which direct payments are able to facilitate the ultimate goal of independent living for disabled people requires careful monitoring.

An evaluation of the UK national pandemic flu algorithm among paediatric emergency admissions, and comparison with the National Institute of Clinical Excellence fever guideline

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A11.1-A11
Author(s):  
Chantelle Mann
Keyword(s):  
Significant Risk ◽  
Clinical Excellence ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Emergency Admissions ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Nice Guidance ◽  
Pandemic Flu ◽  
Management Advice ◽  
The Uk

AimTo evaluate the efficacy of the UK Swine Flu Algorithm as a screening tool in a population of unwell children, and to compare the management advice given by the Swine Flu algorithm to that advice from the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) feverish illness guideline.MethodWe analysed all emergency paediatric medical admissions with a fever, over the age of 1 year, to our unit during 2 calendar weeks in November (n=72). We retrospectively applied both the Swine Flu Algorithm and the NICE fever guidance for the under 5s.Results71 of 72 children would have had a diagnosis of swine flu according to the Flu Algorithm. Two patients had confirmed swine flu on testing, and 32 patients definitely did not have swine flu. Positive predictive value of the algorithm is therefore between 2.8% and 54.9% in this population. Of 57 under 5 s, 22 children would have been advised to have a face to face consultation by the NICE guidance, who would not have been advised an urgent consultation by the Swine Flu guidance. At least 79% of patients had treatments only available in hospitals.ConclusionsThe Swine Flu algorithm is of little use in distinguishing children sick enough to be admitted to hospital. The advice given correlates poorly with that of the NICE feverish illness guideline. With this level of false positive diagnoses, there is a significant risk of harm, and potential delays in commencing appropriate treatment. We were unable to obtain the data and rationale behind the algorithm, and believe that this should be published. Where the construction of a clinically safe algorithm proves impossible, then although inconvenient, face to face emergency consultations may be the only way to reliably ensure the safety of our patients.

Editorial

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Roseveare ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Services ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Acute Medicine ◽  
General Internal ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Exciting Time ◽  
The Uk

It could be said that the past 12 months have been an exciting time in the field of acute medicine. In addition to the high profile afforded by the publication of Reforming Emergency Care and the ongoing Emergency Services Collaborative, the significance of the recent acquisition of subspecialty status for Acute Medicine cannot be understated. This, in turn has enabled approval of a new competency-based training curriculum by the JCHMT. Hopefully within the next few months, specialist registrars in General Internal Medicine with Acute Medicine will be appointed to the first few numbered posts in this discipline. Clearly a rapid expansion in posts of this nature will be required in the next few years in order to meet the enormous demand for consultants in Acute Medicine. Recently, in common with other medical specialties, hospitals have experienced difficulties in recruiting suitable applicants for such posts resulting in many vacancies across the UK. One challenge for those of us already working in the field is to maintain enthusiasm for the concept, while we are waiting for the trainees to mature into competent consultants. This edition includes another varied selection of reviews. Community acquired pneumonia may be of particular relevance over the remaining winter months, although hopefully the brief mention of SARS in this paper will now only be of historical significance. Patients with hypercalcaemia, dysphagia and Guillan Barre syndrome may be less frequent attenders, but nonetheless often create management dilemmas with which the admitting physician needs to be familiar. In a departure from our previous format, we have included two case reports this time, both highlighting an important clinical scenario. Power kite flying may not be a familiar activity for many readers, but the outcome described by Merrison and colleagues justifies its inclusion as ‘a case to remember’. Mark Mallett, on the other hand, reminds us that syncope can, on occasions, reflect significant underlying pathology, even in an apparently healthy member of the hospital portering staff. Once again we would like to encourage similar submissions for future editions of the journal. After several years of association with CPD Acute Medicine and its predecessor, it is with great sadness that this edition is Paul Jenkins ’last as sub-editor. We wish him well as he moves on to new challenges in his role as President of the Society for Acute Medicine, and gratefully acknowledge all of his hard work in establishing the journal.

scholarly journals Thy3 cytology: what to do next?

2011 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Lakhani ◽  
Thomas Rourke ◽  
Anthony Jefferis ◽  
Louise Perry ◽  
Sabour Ghiacy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Series ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
Thyroid Fna ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

INTRODUCTION Cytological analysis of thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) is aided by the ‘Thy’ classification. However, there is often confusion surrounding the management of patients with a Thy3 classification. A subdivision of Thy3 has been created to help reduce this dilemma but its use within the UK appears to by infrequent. This paper analyses the management of patients with Thy3 cytology from FNA of a thyroid nodule in a UK case series and reviews the relevant literature. It also describes the results of a survey of selected UK ENT departments on the use of the Thy3 classification and its subdivisions. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of a case series of patients was undertaken. In addition, a telephone survey of local/regional pathology departments was conducted to assess the utilisation of the Thy classification and to assess the awareness and usage of the Thy3 subdivisions. RESULTS A total of 39 Thy3 results (11 males, 28 females) were identified from 2007 to 2009. Of these, 24 patients went on to have surgery, 8 had a further FNA, 2 had a Tru-cut biopsy and 5 were lost to follow-up. Eleven (28.2%) patients were subsequently diagnosed with a thyroid malignancy. The survey identified that none of the departments had adopted the Thy3 subclassifications and only 40% were aware of them. CONCLUSIONS Thy3 results from thyroid FNA have a significant risk of malignancy but there remains confusion surrounding their management. This district general hospital has adopted and recommends the use of the Thy3 (i) and Thy3 (ii) subdivisions in order to assist decision-making and avoid delays in treatment or unnecessary surgery.

scholarly journals Development of ethical governance framework for an mHealth platform for the management of Parkison’s

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Timotijevic ◽  
M Peacock ◽  
C Hodgkins ◽  
B M Egan
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Governance Framework ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Ethical Governance

Abstract Background The ubiquity of mobile devices promises to address the need for continuous management of chronic conditions at lower costs. Its rapid expansion, particularly in public health, is currently largely consumer-driven and lacking in acceptable frameworks for its wider adoption into the healthcare systems. The aim of this study is to identify the key parameters to consider in developing a governance framework for a Parkinson’s Disease Management MHealth platform. The Parkinson’s Disease Manager (PDM) system was developed to gather symptom information from patients with PD via wearable devices and a specially designed app and stored securely in a cloud, for use by clinicians, health researchers and policy makers. Methodology Twelve stakeholders were interviewed in the UK including clinicians, data managers, the public. First, the participants’ existing views about sharing personal and then specifically health data online were explored. Secondly, participants were introduced to PDM via a diagram and encouraged to explore the risks and benefits of the system with a minimum of guidance. Finally, they were asked what risks they thought might be posed by a series of specific scenarios presented through vignettes and how such issues might be addressed. Results Thematic analysis identified eight emerging themes which clustered around two overarching categories: 1. The key challenges of the system identified included: Establishing appropriate governance; Protecting the data; Ensuring sustainability; Building trust; 2. The proposed solutions included: Ethically informed governance; Embedded data custodians; Sustainable funding and engagement; Trust through transparency. Conclusions The patient’s heuristic assessment of risks and benefits is mediated by trust, which can be initially gained by association with individuals and organisations already deemed trustworthy and then consolidated and sustained through transparency and delivering on promises. Key messages The effective system design, must ensure that standards of transparency, data protection and informed consent are upheld if the coming eHealth revolution is ever to realise its true potential. The use of diagrams and vignettes to support qualitative interviews helped elucidate the importance of balancing protection, utility and sustainability to build and maintain trust.

Western Gunrunners, (Middle-)Eastern Casualties: Unlawfully Trading Arms with States Engulfed in Yemeni Civil War?

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Ferro
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Arms Transfers ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
State Involvement ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Uk

Abstract According to the United Nations Secretary-General, Yemen today constitutes the worst man-made humanitarian crisis in the world. It is fuelled by extensive third-state involvement, with none of the warring parties championing respect for international human rights and humanitarian law (to put it mildly). Conversely, primary rules of international law already prohibit arms transfers from the moment there is a significant risk that they could be used to commit or facilitate grave breaches, with the recipient’s past and present record of respect for international law qualifying as the crucial factor to predict future transgressions. From that perspective, it appears deeply disingenuous for western states to continue transferring military equipment to members of the multilateral coalition in Yemen while maintaining adherence to the international legal framework. This article thus aims to examine whether the legal framework lives up to its noble goals or rather serves to defend state decisions that primarily serve their economic interests. It is structured as follows: Section 1 starts with an overview of the facts, and the focus and aim of this article. Section 2 then sets out the international legal framework as it applies to the trade in conventional arms with states that are involved in a non-international armed conflict. Section 3 analyses key domestic judgments (in the UK, Canada, Belgium and France) to test the available facts against the legal framework as elaborated. Finally, Section 4 concludes.

The UK Economy

2000 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 9-27
Author(s):  
Garry Young
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
The Uk

After last year's very modest slowdown in growth, the UK economy now appears to be on the brink of a period of much more rapid expansion. Even those sectors, such as manufacturing and construction, which had been stagnating, have picked up speed since the middle of last year and there are signs that all sectors of the economy will grow strongly this year.

scholarly journals Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica): An analysis of capacity to cause structural damage (compared to other plants) and typical rhizome extension

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Fennell ◽  
Max Wade ◽  
Karen L Bacon
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Japanese Knotweed ◽  
Socioeconomic Impacts ◽  
Fallopia Japonica ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Invasive Species Control ◽  
The Uk

Fallopia japonica (Japanese knotweed) is a well-known invasive alien species in the United Kingdom and elsewhere in Europe and North America. The plant is known to have a negative impact on local biodiversity, flood risk, and ecosystem services; but in the UK it is also considered to pose a significant risk to the structural integrity of buildings that are within 7 m of the above ground portions of the plant. This has led to the presence of the plant regularly being used to refuse mortgage applications. Despite the significant socioeconomic impacts of such automatic mortgage option restriction, little research has been conducted to investigate this issue. The ‘7 m rule’ is derived from widely adopted government guidance in the UK. This study considered if there is evidence to support this phenomenon in the literature, reports the findings of a survey of invasive species control contractors and property surveyors to determine if field observations support these assertions, and reports a case study of 68 properties, located on three streets in northern England where F. japonicawas recorded. Additionally, given the importance of proximity, the 7 m rule is also tested based on data collected during the excavation based removal of F. japonicafrom 81 sites. No support was found to suggest that F. japonicacauses significant damage to built structures, even when it is growing in close proximity to them and certainly no more damage than other plant species that are not subject to such stringent lending policies. It was found that the 7 m rule is not a statistically robust tool for estimating likely rhizome extension. F. japonica rhizome rarely extends more than 4 m from above ground plants and is typically found within 2 m for small stands and 2.5 m for large stands. Based on these findings, the practice of automatically restricting mortgage options for home buyers when F. japonicais present, is not commensurate with the risk.

scholarly journals “How can you be allergic to peas?” – A qualitative study to explore food handler’s knowledge, attitudes and understanding of food allergens

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
David Allen ◽  
Graeme Mitchell ◽  
Michael Pascucilla
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Food Allergens ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
The Uk

AbstractIt is clear that there is an increasing proportion of the United Kingdom (UK) population who are suffering with food allergies and this combined with an increase in the frequency of eating away from home (where there is less control over the content of food) poses a significant risk. In December 2014, the European Union (EU) introduced legislation which aimed to ensure that customers with food allergens could make informed choices and safely consume food, without the risk of a potentially life-threatening reaction. The research used semi-structured interviews with staff from a BCB, located in the North West of the UK, as the aim of the research was to explore food handlers’ knowledge, attitudes and understanding of food allergens. The findings of the semi-structured interviews identified five themes: E-learning training programmes: the staff felt that these were ineffective and did not take into account individual learning styles. Responsibility: there is a lack of clarity as to who is responsible, with staff believing the key responsibility lies with the customer. Communication: similarly, communication, both within the kitchen and within the company was not clear and likely to give rise to confusion. Need to make a profit: the staff felt that the drive for profit meant that customer safety was being compromised, especially when staff numbers were reduced. Staff awareness: the staff felt confident in their own ability to prepare a safe meal but indicated that staff may be dismissive towards claims of allergen sufferers. In conclusion, these themes illustrate that a significant risk exists for allergen suffers, who rely upon the knowledge, attitudes and understanding of BCB staff to ensure their meals are safely prepared.

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