Controlled breathing and pain: Respiratory rate and inspiratory loading modulate cardiovascular autonomic responses, but not pain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Gholamrezaei ◽  
Ilse Van Diest ◽  
Qasim Aziz ◽  
Johan W. S. Vlaeyen ◽  
Lukas Van Oudenhove
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Autonomic Responses ◽  
Controlled Breathing

scholarly journals Hypoxia-induced vagal withdrawal is independent of the hypoxic ventilatory response in men

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Siebenmann ◽  
Camilla K. Ryrsø ◽  
Laura Oberholzer ◽  
James P. Fisher ◽  
Linda M. Hilsted ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Spontaneous Breathing ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Controlled Breathing ◽  
Vagal Withdrawal

Hypoxia increases heart rate (HR) in humans by sympathetic activation and vagal withdrawal. However, in anaesthetized dogs hypoxia increases vagal activity and reduces HR if pulmonary ventilation does not increase and we evaluated whether that observation applies to awake humans. Ten healthy males were exposed to 15 min of normoxia and hypoxia (10.5% O2), while respiratory rate and tidal volume were volitionally controlled at values identified during spontaneous breathing in hypoxia. End-tidal CO2 tension was clamped at 40 mmHg by CO2 supplementation. β-Adrenergic blockade by intravenous propranolol isolated vagal regulation of HR. During spontaneous breathing, hypoxia increased ventilation by 3.2 ± 2.1 l/min ( P = 0.0033) and HR by 8.9 ± 5.5 beats/min ( P < 0.001). During controlled breathing, respiratory rate (16.3 ± 3.2 vs. 16.4 ± 3.3 breaths/min) and tidal volume (1.05 ± 0.27 vs. 1.06 ± 0.24 l) were similar for normoxia and hypoxia, whereas the HR increase in hypoxia persisted without (8.6 ± 10.2 beats/min) and with (6.6 ± 5.6 beats/min) propranolol. Neither controlled breathing ( P = 0.80), propranolol ( P = 0.64), nor their combination ( P = 0.89) affected the HR increase in hypoxia. Arterial pressure was unaffected ( P = 0.48) by hypoxia across conditions. The hypoxia-induced increase in HR during controlled breathing and β-adrenergic blockade indicates that hypoxia reduces vagal activity in humans even when ventilation does not increase. Vagal withdrawal in hypoxia seems to be governed by the arterial chemoreflex rather than a pulmonary inflation reflex in humans. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hypoxia accelerates the heart rate of humans by increasing sympathetic activity and reducing vagal activity. Animal studies have indicated that hypoxia-induced vagal withdrawal is governed by a pulmonary inflation reflex that is activated by the increased pulmonary ventilation in hypoxia. The present findings, however, indicate that humans experience vagal withdrawal in hypoxia even if ventilation does not increase, indicating that vagal withdrawal is governed by the arterial chemoreflex rather than a pulmonary inflation reflex.

Influence of controlled breathing patterns on cerebrovascular autoregulation and cardiac baroreceptor sensitivity

2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope J. EAMES ◽  
John F. POTTER ◽  
Ronney B. PANERAI
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Step Response ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Transfer Function Analysis ◽  
Controlled Breathing

Transfer function analysis has become one of the main techniques to study the dynamic relationship between cerebral blood flow and arterial blood pressure, but the influence of different respiratory rates on cerebral blood flow has not been fully investigated. In 14 healthy volunteers, middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity, recorded using transcranial Doppler ultrasound, non-invasive beat-to-beat Finapres blood pressure, ECG and end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) levels were recorded with subjects resting supine and breathing spontaneously or at controlled rates of 6, 10 and 15 breaths/min. Transfer function analysis and impulse and step responses were computed at each respiratory rate. PETCO2 levels tended to fall slightly during paced respiration, especially at 15 breaths/min. Controlled breathing rates did not alter transfer function analysis in the frequency range below 0.08 Hz but, above this frequency, the coherence function contained significant peaks corresponding to the respiratory frequencies. The impulse response was similar at all breathing rates, but the step response was characteristic of more efficient autoregulation with reduced PETCO2 levels associated with increasing respiratory rate. The effects of breathing rate and rhythmicity and PETCO2 must be considered in studies of cerebral autoregulation.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Heart Rate and Respiratory Rate Estimation by Inertial Sensors Embedded in a Virtual Reality Headset

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7168
Author(s):  
Claudia Floris ◽  
Sarah Solbiati ◽  
Federica Landreani ◽  
Gianfranco Damato ◽  
Bruno Lenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Rate Estimation ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Controlled Breathing ◽  
The One ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

Virtual reality (VR) headsets, with embedded micro-electromechanical systems, have the potential to assess the mechanical heart’s functionality and respiratory activity in a non-intrusive way and without additional sensors by utilizing the ballistocardiographic principle. To test the feasibility of this approach for opportunistic physiological monitoring, thirty healthy volunteers were studied at rest in different body postures (sitting (SIT), standing (STAND) and supine (SUP)) while accelerometric and gyroscope data were recorded for 30 s using a VR headset (Oculus Go, Oculus, Microsoft, USA) simultaneously with a 1-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) signal for mean heart rate (HR) estimation. In addition, longer VR acquisitions (50 s) were performed under controlled breathing in the same three postures to estimate the respiratory rate (RESP). Three frequency-based methods were evaluated to extract from the power spectral density the corresponding frequency. By the obtained results, the gyroscope outperformed the accelerometer in terms of accuracy with the gold standard. As regards HR estimation, the best results were obtained in SIT, with Rs2 (95% confidence interval) = 0.91 (0.81−0.96) and bias (95% Limits of Agreement) −1.6 (5.4) bpm, followed by STAND, with Rs2 = 0.81 (0.64−0.91) and −1.7 (11.6) bpm, and SUP, with Rs2 = 0.44 (0.15−0.68) and 0.2 (19.4) bpm. For RESP rate estimation, SUP showed the best feasibility (98%) to obtain a reliable value from each gyroscope axis, leading to the identification of the transversal direction as the one containing the largest breathing information. These results provided evidence of the feasibility of the proposed approach with a degree of performance and feasibility dependent on the posture of the subject, under the conditions of keeping the head still, setting the grounds for future studies in real-world applications of HR and RESP rate measurement through VR headsets.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

Pulse oximetry-derived respiratory rate monitoring in pregnant women undergoing cesarean section

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Ebana ◽  
Masahiro Murakawa ◽  
Yoshie Noji ◽  
Keisuke Yoshida ◽  
Jun Honda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Respiratory Rate

PENGARUH TINDAKAN MOBILISASI DINI TERHADAP DENYUT JANTUNG DAN FREKUENSI PERNAPASAN PADA PASIEN KRITIS DI ICU RSUD SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-223
Author(s):  
Muhamat Nofiyanto ◽  
Tetra Saktika Adhinugraha
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Early Mobilization ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Function ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Critical Patients ◽  
Security Standards

Background: Patients with critical conditions in the ICU depend on a variety of tools to support their lifes. Patients’ conditions and and their unstable hemodynamic are challenges for nurses to perform mobilization. Less mobilization in critical patients can cause a variety of physical problems, one of them is cardiorespiratory function disorder. Objective: to investigate differences in heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) before, during, and immediately after early mobilization. Methods: This study employed quasi experiment with one group pre and post test design. Twenty four respondents were selected based on the criteria HR <110 / min at rest, Mean Arterial Blood Pressure between 60 to 110 mmHg, and the fraction of inspired oxygen <0.6. Early mobilization was performed to the respondents, and followed by assessments on the changes of respiratory rate and heart rate before, during, and immediately after the mobilization. Analysis of differences in this study used ANNOVA. Results: Before the early mobilization, mean RR was 22.54 and mean HR was 78.58. Immediately after the mobilization,  mean RR was 23.21 and mean HR was 80.75. There was no differences in the value of RR and HR, before and immediately after the early mobilization with the p-value of 0.540 and 0.314, respectively. Conclusions: Early mobilization of critical patients is relatively safe. Nurses are expected to perform early mobilization for critical patients. However, it should be with regard to security standards and rigorous assessment of the patient's conditions. Keywords: Early mobilization, critical patients, ICU

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