PENGARUH TINDAKAN MOBILISASI DINI TERHADAP DENYUT JANTUNG DAN FREKUENSI PERNAPASAN  PADA PASIEN KRITIS DI ICU RSUD SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA

Background: Patients with critical conditions in the ICU depend on a variety of tools to support their lifes. Patients’ conditions and and their unstable hemodynamic are challenges for nurses to perform mobilization. Less mobilization in critical patients can cause a variety of physical problems, one of them is cardiorespiratory function disorder. Objective: to investigate differences in heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) before, during, and immediately after early mobilization. Methods: This study employed quasi experiment with one group pre and post test design. Twenty four respondents were selected based on the criteria HR <110 / min at rest, Mean Arterial Blood Pressure between 60 to 110 mmHg, and the fraction of inspired oxygen <0.6. Early mobilization was performed to the respondents, and followed by assessments on the changes of respiratory rate and heart rate before, during, and immediately after the mobilization. Analysis of differences in this study used ANNOVA. Results: Before the early mobilization, mean RR was 22.54 and mean HR was 78.58. Immediately after the mobilization, mean RR was 23.21 and mean HR was 80.75. There was no differences in the value of RR and HR, before and immediately after the early mobilization with the p-value of 0.540 and 0.314, respectively. Conclusions: Early mobilization of critical patients is relatively safe. Nurses are expected to perform early mobilization for critical patients. However, it should be with regard to security standards and rigorous assessment of the patient's conditions. Keywords: Early mobilization, critical patients, ICU

Download Full-text

PENGARUH MOBILISASI DINI TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA POST SECTIO CAESAREA

Jurnal IPTEKS Terapan ◽

10.22216/jit.2017.v11i1.661 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Reni Heryani ◽

Ardenny Denny

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Placenta Previa ◽

Healing Process ◽

Early Mobilization ◽

Sectio Caesarea ◽

Uterine Action ◽

Wound Healing Process ◽

P Value ◽

Post Test ◽

Development Goals

ABSTRAK Salah satu tujuan pembangunan era Millenium Development goals (MDG’s) 2015 adalah perbaikan kesehatan maternal. Salah satu cara di dalam persalinan atau mengeluarkan bayi secara patologis yaitu dengan sectio caesarea. Menurut statistik 3.509 kasus sectio caesarea, indikasi terbanyak adalah disproporsi cephalo pelvik (21%), sedangkan indikasi lain adalah gawat janin (14%), plasenta previa (11%), pernah sectio caesarea (11%), incoordinate uterine action (9%), preeklamsi dan hipertensi (7%). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian Quasy Experiment dengan post test only with control. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa umumnya responden memiliki umur tidak berisiko terhadap tindakan operasi yati sebanyak 15 orang (75%), sebagian responden pertama kali dilakukan operasi caesarea yaitu sebanyak 10 orang (50,0%), sebagian responden mengalami penyembuhan luka yang normal yaitu sebanyak 13 orang (65,0%), dan sebagian responden responden melakukan mobilisasi dini yaitu sebanyak 14 orang (70,0%). Secara statistik terdapat pengaruh mobilisasi dini terhadap penyembuhan luka post sectio caesarea di RSUD Arifin Achmad Pekanbaru (p value = 0.007). Disarankan bagi respnden dapat meningkatkan kesadarannya dalam meningkatkan derajat kesehatan melalui latihan mobilisasi dini untuk mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka akibat operasi. Kata Kunci : sectio caesarea, mobilisasi, penyembuhan luka ABSTRACT One of the goals of development era of Millennium Development Goals (MDG's) in 2015 is the improvement of maternal health. One way in the delivery or the baby out with the pathological ie sectio caesarea. According to 3509 statistics compiled case sectio caesarea, an indication of cephalo pelvic disproportion is the highest (21%), while the other is an indication of fetal distress (14%), placenta previa (11%), never sectio caesarea (11%), incoordinate uterine action (9%), preeclampsia and hypertension (7%). This study research design quasy Experiment with post test only with control. The results showed that respondents generally have a lifespan of no risk for surgery yati many as 15 people (75%), the majority of respondents were first performed caesarea operation as many as 10 people (50.0%), the majority of respondents experienced a normal wound healing as many as 13 people (65.0%), and the majority of respondents respondents did early mobilization as many as 14 people (70.0%). There is a statistically significant relationship between early mobilization on wound healing post sectio caesarea (p value = 0.007). Suggested for respnden can increase awareness in improving health status through early mobilization exercises to accelerate the wound healing process as a result of the operation. Keywords: sectio caesarea, mobilization, wound healing

Download Full-text

Memperbaiki Saturasi Oksigen, Frekuensi Denyut Jantung, dan Pernafasan Neonatus yang Menggunakan Ventilasi Mekanik Dengan Terapi Musik

Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia ◽

10.7454/jki.v16i3.324 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 154-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rahmadevita S.A.M ◽

Yeni Rustina ◽

Elfi Syahreni

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Music Therapy ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Respiratory Rate ◽

T Test ◽

P Value ◽

Respiratory Disorder ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Paired T Test

AbstrakNeonatus yang menggunakan ventilasi mekanik akibat gangguan pernapasan mengalami masalah oksigenisasi dan frekuensi denyut jantung. Berbagai upaya perlu dilakukan agar neonates tenang sehingga kebutuhan oksigen dapat diminimalkan, salah satu upaya tersebut adalah terapi musik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh terapi musik terhadap saturasi oksigen, frekuensi denyut jantung dan frekuensi pernafasan neonatus yang menggunakan ventilasi mekanik. Penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan rancangan pretest-posttest without control meibatkan 13 neonatus yang dipilih secara konsekutif. Intervensi yang diberikan adalah terapi musik dengan Brahm’s Lullaby selama 30 menit dengan headphone. Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan dianalisis dengan Paired t test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna antara rerata saturasi oksigen, frekuensi denyut jantung dan frekuensi pernafasan sebelum dan setelah pemberian terapi musik. Pada saturasi oksigen terjadi peningkatan, sedangkan pada frekuensi denyut jantung dan pernapasan mengalami penurunan. Terapi musik dapat digunakan sebagai pendamping terapi medis untuk memperbaiki oksigenisasi pada neonatus yang menggunakan ventilasi mekanik.Kata kunci: denyut jantung neonatus, pernapasan, saturasi oksigen, terapi musik, ventilasi mekanikAbstractImproving Oxygen Saturation, Heart Rate, and Respiratory Rate of Neonates Using Mechanical Ventilation with Music Therapy. Neonates using mechanical ventilation cause of respiratory disorder experience oxygenation and heart rate problems. Interventions should be made in order to calm neonates so that the need of oxygen can be minimized, one of these interventions is music therapy. This study aimed to identify the effect of music therapy on oxygen saturation, heart rate and respiratory rate of neonates using mechanical ventilation. This quasi experiment study with a pretest-posttest design without control involved 13 neonates selected by consecutive sampling. Data collected through observation and analyzed by paired t test. There was a significant difference on the average of oxygen saturation, heart rate and respiratory rate of infants using mechanical ventilation before and after music therapy (p value <0,05). Music therapy can be used as a complementary medical therapies to improve oxygenation in neonates using mechanical ventilation.Key words: heart rate, mechanical ventilation, music therapy, neonate, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate

Download Full-text

Efektivitas Terapi Hinosis Lima Jari Terhadap Ansietas Klien Hipertensi Di Puskesmas Rawasari Kota Jambi Tahun 2017

Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi ◽

10.33087/jiubj.v19i2.678 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 353

Author(s):

Mohd Syukri

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Reduce Blood Pressure ◽

The Body ◽

P Value ◽

Lower Heart Rate ◽

Post Test ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Pleasant Experience

Five-finger hypnosis is a movement that tightens and relaxes the muscles in one part of the body at one time which can present a relaxed condition physically and psychologically, by thinking of a pleasant experience (Keliat, 2011). Useful for giving inner peace to individuals. reduce anxiety, worry and anxiety, reduce tension and reduce blood pressure, lower heart rate and sleep soundly. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of five-finger hypnosis therapy against anxiety hypertension clients at Putri Ayu Health Center, Jambi City. Quasi experimental design pre-post test with without control. The sample was 33 people with a total sampling technique. The results showed that there was an effect of five-finger hypnosis therapy on anxiety in hypertensive clients (p value <0.05). There was a decrease in anxiety after five finger hypnosis therapy was carried out. Five finger hypnosis therapy is recommended to be applied as nursing therapy in treating hypertensive clients with anxiety.

Download Full-text

The study of the odour impact on physiological, emotional, and cognitive aspects of human health under experimental conditions (literature review)

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-12-1370-1375 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (12) ◽

pp. 1370-1375

Author(s):

Svetlana V. Ivanova ◽

Svetlana A. Skovronskaya ◽

Mihail E. Goshin ◽

Olga V. Budarina ◽

Aliya Z. Kulikova

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Nervous System ◽

Literature Review ◽

Respiratory Rate ◽

Human Health ◽

Experimental Research ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Blood Circulation ◽

Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽

Arterial Blood

The article contains a literature review devoted to research on the influence of odours on physiological, emotional, and cognitive aspects of human health. The following databases were used at literature search execution: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Global Health, Russian Research Citation Index. A total amount of 60 sources was analyzed for 1983-2019. The experimental research results aimed at studying the influence of odours on such physiological indices a: heart rate, heart rate variability, arterial blood pressure, respiratory rate, skin conductibility reaction, sleep, are described, and emotional and cognitive characteristics of the test subjects. The response to odours exposure was shown to depend on their intensity, hedonistic tone, the chemical structure of the odorant, as well as individual peculiarities of the test subjects, including their past experiences with smelling. In most cases, exposure to unpleasant odours activates the sympathetic nervous system, therefore heart rate, respiratory rate, skin blood circulation and its conductivity increase. Attention concentration increases at the deterioration of cognitive functions. Anger and repulsion reactions are noted at the emotional level; a feeling of discomfort with a motivation to escape appears. The exposure of pleasant odours leads to parasympathetic nervous system activation, heart rate, respiratory rate, skin conductibility, and blood circulation decrease. Cognitive functions improve, the quality of problem-solving increases, attention concentration decreases. A person’s mood gets better; the sensation of happiness appears. At that literature analysis has revealed most of the studies on the human to have significant restrictions: standard exposure methods absence, the difficulty of execution blind experiments that were deemed to be ignorant by test subjects as well as the influence of individual preferences and previous personal experience on the effects generated by the odour. The authors proposed recommendations on the current restrictions prevention and optimization of conducting the experimental research on the influence of odours on humans.

Download Full-text

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENURUNAN NYERI POST OPERASI SECTIO CAESAREA DI RS. RAFLESSIA BENGKULU

Journal of Nursing and Public Health ◽

10.37676/jnph.v6i1.488 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Des Metasari ◽

Berlian Kando Sianipar

Keyword(s):

Early Mobilization ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Relaxation Technique ◽

Sectio Caesarea ◽

P Value ◽

Pain Level ◽

Average Decrease ◽

Surgical Pain ◽

Post Test ◽

Medical Indications

The action of Sectio cassarea (SC) is one of the alternatives for a woman in choosing the delivery process in addition to medical indications and non-medical indications, SC action will discontinue continuity or tissue linkage because of the incision that will release pain receptors. Early mobilization is a factor that can reduce post-surgical pain while relaxation technique is a non-pharmacological pain transfer method that can reduce the pain sensory component. The purpose of this research is to know the factors that can influence the decrease in intensity of postoperative SC pain which is the technique of mobilization and relaxation technique, this research is done in RS Raflessia Bengkulu in August until September 2017 with sample 40 peoples postpartum mother with accidental sampling technique sampling. This method of research using quasy experiment, with approach of One Group Pre-Post Test which aims to see the effect of early mobilization to the intensity of pain in patients post-sectio cessarea. The results of the study showed an average decrease in pain level after early mobilization of 2.2, a decrease of pain level after relaxation technique of 2.1 and there was an effect of early mobilization on the decrease of pain intensity with p value (0.000). It is suggested to the hospital to maximize the implementation of early mobilization of 6 hours postoperative on postpartum mother with SC and perform early mobilization technique to postpartum motherwith SC in a correct and correct way to reduce the pain due to surgical incision wound

Download Full-text

Pengaruh Relaksasi Autogenik terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah pada Klien Hipertensi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas 23 Ilir Palembang Tahun 2015

Jurnal Keperawatan Soedirman ◽

10.20884/1.jks.2016.11.3.632 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 192

Author(s):

Sasono Mardiono

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Health Centers ◽

P Value ◽

Relaxation Techniques ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Therapy Technique ◽

Lower Blood ◽

Post Test ◽

Autogenic Relaxation ◽

Control Body

Hypertension is an increasing arterial blood pressure which is abnormally persistent when systolic blood pressure equal to or greater than 140 mmHg and diastolic equal to or greater than 90 mmHg. Medical management of clients with hypertension were not only by pharmacological methods solely, but also by non-pharmacological treatments. One non pharmacology therapy technique, that can lowers blood pressure, was autogenic relaxation. Relaxation is autogenic relaxation specific which implies that you have the ability to control body functions, such as heart rate, blood pressure and blood flow. The design of this research was quasi experiment with the approach pre and post test only design. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of autogenic relaxation to decrease blood pressure in hypertensive clients in the region of Palembang Ilir 23 health centers in 2015. The sample in this study was accidental sampling. Autogenic relaxation on the respondent performed three times and measured blood pressure as much as six times. Statistical test used T Dependent. The result of this research are there were some effects of autogenic relaxation namely the decreasing of blood pressure (p value = 0.000). It was concluded that there was effect of autogenic relaxation on decreasing blood pressure of hypertension clients. Based on the results of this study are expected to autogenic relaxation techniques can be applied to lower blood pressure in hypertensive clients. And to disseminate the research results to the clients of hypertension, so people know the benefits of hypertension autogenic relaxation in lowering blood pressure.

Download Full-text

Pengaruh terapi Musik Terhadap Status Hemodinamika Pada Pasien Koma di Ruang ICU Sebuah Rumah Sakit di Lampung

Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia ◽

10.7454/jki.v12i2.209 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 115-120

Author(s):

Tori Rihiantoro ◽

Elly Nurachmah ◽

Rr. Tutik Sri Hariyati

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Music Therapy ◽

Respiration Rate ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Consecutive Sampling ◽

Post Test ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Relationship Of

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh terapi musik terhadap status hemodinamika pasien koma. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuasi eksperimen one group pre-post dan dengan teknik consecutive sampling didapatkan sampel 21 pasien di ruang ICU sebuah RS di Lampung. Analisis deskriptif menggambarkan bahwa sesudah terapi musik terjadi penurunan rerata MAP (6,80 mmHg), penurunan rerata frekuensi jantung (6,76 kali/menit), dan penurunan rerata frekuensi pernapasan (4,08 kali/menit). Hasil analisis bivariat dengan tes T dependen menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang bermakna terapi musik terhadap MAP (p value = 0,031), frekuensi jantung (p value = 0,015) dan frekuensi napas (p value = 0,000). Penurunan indikator status hemodinamika pada pasien koma dengan cidera kepala dan stroke akan membantu stabilisasi hemodinamika pasien sekaligus membantu proses pemulihan pasien. AbstractThis research attempted to identify the effect of music therapy on hemodynamic status of coma patients. The design used was a quasi experimental one group pre-post test design with a consecutive sampling method. Twenty one samples in the ICU of a hospital in Lampung were participated in the study. The descriptive analysis showed decreasing mean of MAP (6,80 mmHg), heart rate (6,76 bpm), and respiration rate (4,08 bpm) after music therapy. The bivariate analysis using the dependent t test showed a significant relationship of music therapy to MAP (p value = 0,031), heart rate (p value = 0,015) and respiration rate (p value = 0,000). Decreasing the hemodynamic indicators to coma patients with stroke and severe head injury could help to stabilize their hemodynamic balance and to promote faster recovery.

Download Full-text

Antagonism of orexin receptors in the posterior hypothalamus reduces hypoglossal and cardiorespiratory excitation from the perifornical hypothalamus

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00965.2012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 114 (1) ◽

pp. 119-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Georg M. Stettner ◽

Leszek Kubin

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Respiratory Rate ◽

Receptor Antagonist ◽

Hypoglossal Nerve ◽

Posterior Hypothalamus ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Orexin Receptors ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

The perifornical (PF) region of the posterior hypothalamus promotes wakefulness and facilitates motor activity. In anesthetized rats, local disinhibition of PF neurons by GABAA receptor antagonists activates orexin (OX) neurons and elicits a systemic response, including increases of hypoglossal nerve activity (XIIa), respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure. The increase of XIIa is mediated to hypoglossal (XII) motoneurons by pathways that do not require noradrenergic or serotonergic projections. We hypothesized that the pathway might include OX-dependent activation locally within the PF region or direct projections of OX neurons to the XII nucleus. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were urethane anesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed, and ventilated. Gabazine (GABAA receptor antagonist, 0.18 mM, 20 nl) was injected into the PF region, and ∼2 h later, a second gabazine injection was performed preceded by injection of a dual OX1/2 receptor antagonist (almorexant; 90 mM) either into the XII nucleus (40–60 nl at 2–3 rostrocaudal levels; n = 6 rats), or into the PF region (40–60 nl; n = 6 rats). XIIa, respiratory rate, heart rate, and arterial blood pressure were analyzed for 70 min after each gabazine injection. The excitatory effects of PF gabazine on XIIa, respiratory, and heart rates were significantly reduced by up to 44–82% when gabazine injections were preceded by PF almorexant injections, but not when almorexant was injected into the XII nucleus. These data suggest that a significant portion of XII motoneuronal and cardiorespiratory activation evoked by disinhibition of PF neurons is mediated by local OX-dependent mechanisms within the posterior hypothalamus.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Medetomidine-Ketamine for Immobilization of Feral Horses in Romania

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.655217 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Ovidiu Roşu ◽

Iulia Melega ◽

Alina L. Evans ◽

Jon M. Arnemo ◽

Susanne Küker

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Respiratory Rate ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Muscle Relaxation ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Blood Gases ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Feral Horses ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Wide Range

Feral horses are immobilized for a variety of reasons including population control via contraceptives. Although opioid combinations have been successfully used for immobilization of feral horses, there is a need for combinations using drugs that are more readily available and present less of a human health hazard. We evaluated the chemical immobilization with physiological measurements and blood gas analyses of 91 free-ranging feral horses (Equus ferus caballus) remotely immobilized with a combination of 30 mg medetomidine and 775 mg ketamine in a single disposable 6 ml dart. During immobilization, heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, capillary refill time and peripheral oxygen hemoglobin saturation (SpO2) were evaluated. In eight horses, arterial blood samples were analyzed to evaluate the blood gases, acid-base status and hematologic variables. Targeted horses presented a wide range of age, size and body condition. Eighty-one horses had an uneventful mean induction of 7.2 min. Eighty-nine horses were immobilized in lateral recumbency with good muscle relaxation and a median recumbency time of 67 min. Ten horses required supplemental ketamine intravenously (x̄ = 434 mg) due to incomplete immobilization. In 58 horses the effects of medetomidine were antagonized with atipamezole intravenously. Increased respiratory rate (>20 breaths/min), increased heart rate (>45 beats/min) and decreased SpO2 < 90% were noted in more than half of the individuals, while increased rectal temperature (>39.0°C) was recorded in six animals. Blood parameters showed hypoxemia (<90 mmHg, n = 8), hypercapnia (>45 mmHg, n = 5), high glucose levels (>134 mmol/L, n = 3), increased blood lactate (>1.5 mmol/L), total carbon dioxide, bicarbonate and base excess which further increased in the second sample, whereas SpO2 and calcium values decreased. Recoveries were smooth, with one (n = 86) or more (n = 5) attempts of standing. Eighty-nine recoveries were uneventful, besides one male that showed signs of monoparesis of the left front leg and one mare with signs consistent with exertional myopathy. In conclusion, medetomidine-ketamine provided a reliable immobilization in feral horses over a wide range of body mass and age. However, based on the observed hypoxemia during immobilization, oxygen supplementation is strongly recommended for this protocol.

Download Full-text

STATUS HEMODINAMIK PASIEN YANG TERPASANG ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE DENGAN PEMBERIAN PRE OKSIGENASI SEBELUM TINDAKAN SUCTION DI RUANG INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

Gaster | Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan ◽

10.30787/gaster.v17i1.336 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

Wahyu Rima Agustin ◽

T. Triyono ◽

S. Setiyawan ◽

Wahyuningsih Safitri

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Endotracheal Tube ◽

T Test ◽

P Value ◽

Consecutive Sampling ◽

Post Test ◽

Quasi Experiment

Pre oksigenasi atau pemberian oksigen yang adekuat sebelum dilakukan tindakan suction atau hisap lendir merupakan satu bagian yang penting. Dalam hal ini yang perlu diperhatikan dan diobservasi adalah status hemodinamik pasien yang mencakup Mean Arteri Presure, heart rate, respiratori rate serta saturasi oksigen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pre oksigenasi terhadap status hemodinamik pasien yang terpasang endotracheal tube yang dilakukan tindakan suction.Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi experiment dengan metode one group pre test – post test. Teknik sampling menggunakan consecutive sampling sebanyak 44 pasien yang terpasang endotracheal tube dan dilakukan tindakan suction di ruang ICU Rumah Sakit Islam Klaten. Alat ukur penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi langsung. Data yang terkumpul di lakukan uji normalitas menggunakan uji Shapiro wilk. Didapatkan data terdistribusi normal dengan p value lebih dari 0,05.Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan paired sampel t-test menunjukan bahwa nilai p value < 0,05 yaitu untuk MAP 0,006, heart rate 0,022, respiratori rate 0,023 dan saturasi oksigen 0,001 yang artinya ada pengaruh pre oksigenasi terhadap status hemodinamik pasien yang terpasang endotracheal tube dengan tindakan suction di ruang ICU Rumah Sakit Islam Klaten.

Download Full-text