Leveraging the benefits of exploratory learning and exploitative learning in NPD: the role of innovation field orientation

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ci-Rong Li ◽  
Ching-Hsuan Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Learning ◽  
Field Orientation ◽  
Exploitative Learning

The role of ethical leadership in enhancing exploitative and explorative learning simultaneously: what does it matter if employees view work as central?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moazzam Ali ◽  
Yuanmei (Elly) Qu ◽  
Shoaib Shafique ◽  
Nhat Tan Pham ◽  
Muhammad Usman
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Leadership ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽  
Positive Relationships ◽  
Work Centrality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Explorative Learning ◽  
Exploitative Learning

PurposeThe present study aimed to test the hypothesis that ethical leadership positively contributes to exploitative learning and explorative learning simultaneously and then examine the moderating role of work centrality in the relationships of ethical leadership with exploitative learning and explorative learning.Design/methodology/approachTime-lagged survey data were collected from 257 middle managers and their 257 immediate supervisors in 76 firms in China. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and Hayes' PROCESS macro for SPSS.FindingsThe results revealed that ethical leadership positively contributed to exploitative learning and explorative learning simultaneously. Importantly, the authors found that work centrality strengthened the positive relationships of ethical leadership with both exploitative learning and explorative learning.Practical implicationsThe findings can help organizations enhance exploitative learning and explorative learning simultaneously and enable them to gain a sustainable competitive advantage.Originality/valueAlthough explorative learning and exploitative learning together constitute fundamental resources for organizations' long-term success, prior research has not looked into whether and when leader behaviors facilitate explorative learning and exploitative learning simultaneously. The study contributed to fill this gap by introducing ethical leadership, signifying its positive role in enhancing both explorative learning and exploitative learning, and establishing work centrality as a moderator to reinforce these two positive relationships.

Organizational success, human resources practices and exploration–exploitation learning

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Ubeda-Garcia ◽  
Enrique Claver-Cortés ◽  
Bartolome Marco-Lajara ◽  
Francisco Garcia-Lillo ◽  
Patrocinio Zaragoza-Sáez
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Exploratory Learning ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Hrm Practices ◽  
Exploitative Learning ◽  
Learning Types

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to analyze which policies of human resource management (HRM) contribute to exploratory learning and which to exploitation learning; and second, to determine the influence of the two types of learning on organizational performance. Design/methodology/approach The research hypotheses are tested by partial least squares with data from a sample of 100 Spanish hotels. Findings The results confirm that, in order of importance, selective staffing, comprehensive training and an equitable reward system lead to exploratory learning. Exploitative learning seems to be fundamentally driven by comprehensive training and an equitable reward system (but in a different way than with exploratory learning). Finally, both types of learning have a positive impact on performance. Practical implications Both exploratory and exploitative learning result from HRM practices. To maintain performance expectations managers should develop both learning types, which entails the utilization of the best HRM practices. Originality/value This study presents empirical evidence around the findings of other studies (Laursen and Foss, 2014; Minbaeva, 2013) which call for further research into whether strategic HRM configurations have positive effects on the two learning types. The results find some practices that have a positive effect in both cases, but with different intensities in their explanations. This finding reveals the need for more detailed exploration around which combinations of HRM practices, in terms of exploratory vs exploitative learning, are advisable for organizations. The study also finds that the two learning types have a positive influence on organizational performance.

Stereopsis and the random element in the organization of the striate cortex

1979 ◽  
Vol 204 (1157) ◽  
pp. 415-434 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Receptive Field ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
Field Orientation ◽  
Depth Discrimination ◽  
Striate Neurons ◽  
Random Scatter ◽  
Field Position

Receptive field position and orientation disparities are both properties of binocularly discharged striate neurons. Receptive field position disparities have been used as a key element in the neural theory for binocular depth discrimination. Since most striate cells in the cat are binocular, these position disparities require that cells immediately adjacent to one another in the cortex should show a random scatter in their monocular receptive field positions. Superimposed on the progressive topographical representation of the visual field on the striate cortex there is experimental evidence for a localized monocular receptive field position scatter. The suggestion is examined that the binocular position disparities are built up out of the two monocular position scatters. An examination of receptive field orientation disparities and their relation to the random variation in the monocular preferred orientations of immediately adjacent striate neurons also leads to the conclusion that binocular orientation disparities are a consequence of the two monocular scatters. As for receptive field position, the local scatter in preferred orientation is superimposed on a progressive representation of orientation over larger areas of the cortex. The representation in the striate cortex of visual field position and of stimulus orientation is examined in relation to the correlation between the disparities in receptive field position and preferred orientation. The role of orientation disparities in binocular vision is reviewed.

Multi-level ambidexterity in new product introduction at Tata Motors, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurav Snehvrat ◽  
Swarup Dutta
Keyword(s):  
New Product ◽  
New Product Introduction ◽  
Distinct Form ◽  
Product Introduction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Product Introductions ◽  
Exploitative Learning ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Voice Of Customer

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the multi-faceted role of metaroutines in dealing with nested ambidexterity challenges experienced during new product introductions (NPIs) at Tata Motors, an Indian automotive giant. Design/methodology/approach This study utilizes an in-depth multi-level case study highlighting the ambidexterity dynamics across strategic, business unit and functional levels. Findings The authors visualize the NPI system found in the firm, including the interactions between structure, process and governance, as a metaroutine. Based on this visualization, the authors argue that certain ostensive (like voice of customer, commonality) and performative (role of leadership and creative recombination) aspects of the metaroutine aid exploratory and exploitative learning across levels at Tata Motors. Further, the authors argue that the role of embedded NPI metaroutine aspects in promoting multi-level ambidexterity offers a distinct form when compared with other academically established forms of structural, contextual and temporal ambidexterity. Practical implications This study focuses on the aspects of the NPI metaroutine that enable ambidexterity within the studied firm. The authors argue that apart from the structural, temporal and contextual mechanisms, managers also need to focus on the nuances of NPI metaroutines and their potential to promote ambidexterity across levels. Originality/value The authors visualize the interactions between the process, structure and governance mechanisms, related to NPI, as a metaroutine. The authors argue that metaroutine enabled approaches to ambidexterity offer a distinct form when compared with other academically established forms of structural, contextual and temporal ambidexterity. Also, metaroutine enabled ambidexterity explains a possible way through which multi-level ambidexterity can be promoted and managed within organizations.

scholarly journals Enterprise Knowledge Generation Driven by Internet Integration Capability: A Mediated Moderation Model

10.28945/4616 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 155-174
Author(s):  
Caiyun Zhuang ◽  
Guohong Chen ◽  
Xiaoyu Du
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Learning Orientation ◽  
Exploratory Learning ◽  
Mediated Moderation ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Moderating Role

Aim/Purpose: Drawing on theories of organizational learning, this study analyzes the mechanism of Internet integration capability affecting knowledge generation by 399 Chinese enterprises. This paper will further explore whether there is a moderating role of learning orientation in the mechanism of Internet integration capability affecting enterprise knowledge generation. Background: The Internet has gradually integrated into the enterprise innovation system and penetrated into all aspects of technological innovation, which has promoted the integration and optimization of resources inside and outside the organization. However, there is limited understanding of how the combination of the Internet and integration capability can drive enterprise knowledge generation. Methodology: The study uses survey data from 399 organizations in China. Through structural equation modeling, this study assesses the relationship between Internet integration capability, organizational learning, knowledge generation, and uses PROCESS macro program to test the mediated moderation effect of learning orientation. Contribution: First, this study provides empirical evidence for managers to better build Internet integration capability and ambidextrous learning to promote enterprise knowledge generation. Second, this study highlights the important moderating role of learning orientation in the mediating role of ambidextrous learning. Findings: First, the study confirms the mediating role of exploratory learning and exploitative learning in knowledge generation driven by Internet integration capability. Second, the results show that when organizations have a strong learning orientation, the indirect path of Internet integration capability influencing knowledge generation through exploratory learning will be enhanced. Recommendations for Practitioners: Enterprises should pay full attention to the improvement of internet integration capability and ambidextrous learning to promote knowledge generation. In addition, enterprises should establish a good learning atmosphere within the organization to strengthen the bridge role of exploratory learning between Internet integration capability and knowledge generation. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers could collect data from countries with different levels of economic development to verify the universal applicability of the proposed theoretical model. Impact on Society: This study provides references for enterprises using Internet integration capability to promote their knowledge generation capability under the internet background. Future Research: Future research can compare the impact of Internet integration capability on knowledge generation in different industries.

scholarly journals Unpacking the Relationship between Sales Control and Salesperson Performance: A Regulatory Fit Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantine S. Katsikeas ◽  
Seigyoung Auh ◽  
Stavroula Spyropoulou ◽  
Bulent Menguc
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Regulatory Fit ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Exploratory Learning ◽  
Regulatory Focus Theory ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Salesperson Performance ◽  
Exploitative Learning ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Focus Theory

The literature examining the effect of sales control on salesperson performance is, at best, equivocal. To reconcile inconsistencies in empirical findings, this research introduces two new types of salesperson learning: exploratory and exploitative learning. Drawing on regulatory focus theory, the authors conceptualize exploratory learning as promotion focused and exploitative learning as prevention focused and find that salespeople exhibit both exploratory and exploitative learning, though one is used more than the other depending on the type of sales control employed. The results also suggest that the fit between salesperson learning type, customer characteristics (i.e., purchase-decision-making complexity), and salesperson characteristics (i.e., preference for sales predictability) is critical to salesperson performance and that salesperson learning mediates the relationship between sales control and salesperson performance (Study 1). Study 2 corroborates the findings using new panel data collected over two waves. The results of this research have important implications for integrating sales control, salesperson learning, and salesperson performance.

Developing dynamic capabilities in culturally distant service multi-units

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1547-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Yen Lee ◽  
Chaang-Yung Kung ◽  
Chun-Sheng Joseph Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Exploratory Learning ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a more robust understanding of the development of dynamic capabilities (DCs) in service multi-units with different cultural distances (CD) (high (HCD) and low (LCD)) through the routines of embedded social capital (structural and relational) and knowledge archetype (exploitative and exploratory) learning. Design/methodology/approach – The authors used survey questionnaires and structural equation modeling to discriminate the relationships among variables. Findings – The authors found that structurally embedded social capital has a positive influence on exploratory knowledge learning in HCD service multi-units; relationally embedded social capital has a positive influence on knowledge archetype (exploitative vs exploratory) learning in both HCD and LCD service multi-units; and knowledge archetype learning has a positive influence on the development of DCs in both HCD and LCD service multi-units. Research limitations/implications – The results identify the central role of social capital (structurally and relationally embedded) in enabling knowledge archetype learning and the development of DCs in service multi-units. In addition, this study provides a description and comparison of how structurally and relationally embedded social capital are key antecedents in knowledge archetype learning and the development of DCs in the context of service multi-units with different HCD and LCD. Originality/value – The results provide a practical trajectory for the development of DCs in multi-units of multinational corporations in the service industry with different HCD and LCD.

Emerging Markets as Learning Laboratories: Learning Behaviors of Local Firms and Foreign Entrants in Different Institutional Contexts

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Hitt ◽  
Haiyang Li ◽  
William J. Worthington
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exploratory Learning ◽  
Exploitative Learning ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Learning Behaviours ◽  
Learning Laboratories ◽  
Local Firms

In this work, we examine and integrate the research streams on learning behaviours of both local firms and foreign entrants in emerging markets. We propose that local firms and foreign entrants differ in the types of learning pursued and in the learning processes used. While emerging market firms engage in a significant amount of exploratory learning, they also attempt to exploit the newly gained knowledge in their current markets. Furthermore, foreign entrants engage in exploitative learning as expected but also must participate in exploratory learning to acquire knowledge of culture, institutional norms, and important social relationships. While much of the learning occurs through cooperative processes with both partners, they also each engage in experiential learning. We argue that emerging markets also differ; firms in the more mature emerging markets seek different types of learning and the learning processes used vary compared to those in less mature emerging markets. Our research suggests that emerging markets represent learning laboratories and provide a base to catalyse future research.

Role of the magnetic field on the formation of solar type stars

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (A30) ◽  
pp. 119-119
Author(s):  
Valeska Valdivia ◽  
Anaëlle J. Maury ◽  
Patrick Hennebelle
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Gravitational Collapse ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Stokes Parameters ◽  
Field Orientation ◽  
Magnetic Field Orientation ◽  
Solar Type ◽  
3D Topology ◽  
The Magnetic Field

AbstractMagnetic fields play a key role during the gravitational collapse of dense protostellar cores. In recent years mm and sub-mm observations of dust polarized emission have been used to unveil the morphology of the magnetic field, but this method relies on the assumption that non-spherical dust grains are well aligned with the magnetic field.Using non-ideal MHD numerical simulations, we study the evolution of the magnetic field during the gravitational collapse. We use the state-of-the-art radiative transfer code POLARIS to compute the Stokes parameters and produce synthetic observations of mm/submm polarized dust emission. We compare the results obtained using the radiative torques (RAT) mechanism to the results obtained by assuming that grains are perfectly aligned to constrain how well polarized dust emission traces the magnetic field orientation.The complexity of the magnetic field produces a mild depolarization. The depolarization observed in the inner regions is rather caused by a decrease of the dust alignment efficiency and it cannot be reproduced by just scaling down the polarisation degree obtained for a uniform efficiency. We find that the magnetic field orientation is well constrained by the polarized dust emission as long as its 3D topology remains organized.

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