Effect of game format on heart rate, activity profile, and player involvement in elite and recreational youth players

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Randers ◽  
T. B. Andersen ◽  
L. S. Rasmussen ◽  
M. N. Larsen ◽  
P. Krustrup
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
Game Format

scholarly journals Activity Profile, Heart Rate, Technical Involvement, and Perceived Intensity and Fun in U13 Male and Female Team Handball Players: Effect of Game Format

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads Madsen ◽  
Georgios Ermidis ◽  
Vincenzo Rago ◽  
Kristoffer Surrow ◽  
Jeppe F. Vigh-Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fixed Number ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Team Handball ◽  
Game Format

The aim of the study was to compare the activity pattern, heart rate (HR), technical involvement, and subjective perceptions in U13 boys and girls playing team handball in five game formats. Activity pattern, heart rate (HR), technical involvement, perceived fun, and exertion were recorded from four girls teams (n = 24) and four boys teams (n = 24) played during a 1-day tournament consisting of five different game formats of 15-min duration: Medium court size, 4v4 (M4v4), 5v5 (M5v5), and 6v6 (M6v6), and large court size, 5v5 (L5v5) and 6v6 (L6v6). Girls covered more total distance (TD) and high-speed running (HSR, 13–17.9 km·h−1) on the large court compared to the medium court (p < 0.05; ES = 2.1–3.1 and 1.2–2.5, respectively). Boys covered more distance as HSR and sprinting on the large court compared to the medium court, but only more TD on the large court compared to the medium court with the same number of players, (p < 0.05; ES = 1.0–1.8, 1.0–1.8, and 1.1–1.8, respectively). Team handball for U13 boys and girls is a high-intensity activity irrespective of court size. Increasing the court size with a fixed number of players increased the total distance and HSR, whereas manipulating the number of players on a fixed court size appears to influence technical involvement.

scholarly journals Exercise Intensity and Technical Involvement in U9 Team Handball: Effect of Game Format

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5663
Author(s):  
Georgios Ermidis ◽  
Rasmus C. Ellegard ◽  
Vincenzo Rago ◽  
Morten B. Randers ◽  
Peter Krustrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Team Handball ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Game Format

The purpose of this study was to quantify the exercise intensity and technical involvement of U9 boys’ and girls’ team handball during different game formats, and the differences between genders. Locomotor activity (total distance, distance in speed zones, accelerations, and decelerations), heart rate (HR), and technical involvement (shots, goals, and duels) metrics were collected during various 15 min game formats from a total of 57 Danish U9 players (37 boys and 20 girls). Game formats were a small size pitch (20 × 13 m) with 3 vs 3 players and offensive goalkeepers (S3 + 1) and 4 vs 4 players (S4), a medium size pitch (25.8 × 20 m) with 4 vs 4 (M4) and 5 vs 5 (M5) players, and a large size pitch (40 × 20 m) with 5 vs 5 (L5) players. Boys and girls covered a higher total distance (TD) of high-speed running (HSR) and sprinting during L5 games compared to all other game formats (p < 0.05; ES = (−0.9 to −2.1), (−1.4 to −2.8), and (−0.9 to −1.3) respectively). Players covered the highest amount of sprinting distance in L5 games compared to all other game formats (p < 0.01; ES = 0.8 to 1.4). In all the game formats, players spent from 3.04 to 5.96 min in 180–200 bpm and 0.03 min to 0.85 min in >200 bpm of the total 15 min. In addition, both genders had more shots in S3 + 1 than M5 (p < 0.01; ES = 1.0 (0.4;1.7)) and L5 (p < 0.01; ES = 1.1 (0.6;2.2)). Team handball matches have high heart rates, total distances covered, and high-intensity running distances for U9 boys and girls irrespective of the game format. Locomotor demands appeared to be even higher when playing on larger pitches, whereas the smaller pitch size and fewer players led to elevated technical involvement.

scholarly journals Heart Rate and Perceived Experience Differ Markedly for Children in Same- versus Mixed-Gender Soccer Played as Small- and Large-Sided Games

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
S. Póvoas ◽  
M. B. Randers ◽  
P. Krustrup ◽  
M. N. Larsen ◽  
R. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Game Format ◽  
Same Gender ◽  
Mixed Gender ◽  
Cardiovascular Strain

This study examines heart rate (HR) and perceived experience during same- versus mixed-gender soccer played as small- (SSG) and large-sided (LSG) games. HR, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and fun scores were determined in 134 pupils (50 girls, 84 boys) randomly assigned to same- and mixed-genders formats playing 2x15-min of SSG (2v2, 4v4) and LSG (12v12) in a random order (~50 m2/player). HR was lower (p≤0.03) for girls when playing together with boys than when playing alone (71±10 versus 77±7%HRmax), while being similar for boys playing mixed- or same-gender games (74±7 versus 77±4%HRmax). Boys perceived less fun when playing together with girls than when playing alone (4.4±2.3 versus 6.3±2.3, p<0.001). Irrespective of gender, higher (p<0.001) HRmean, %time>80%HRmax, and RPE were observed during 2v2 (78±9%HRmax, 43±33%, 5.5±2.5) and 4v4 (76±9%HRmax, 39±32%, 5.5±2.7) than during 12v12 (70±10%HRmax, 23±27%, 3.8±2.9). Cardiovascular strain was lower for girls when playing together with boys than when playing alone in LSG. SSG were more intense than LSG when girls played mixed-gender games and when boys played mixed- and same-gender games. When boys played mixed-gender games, SSG were considered more fun than LSG. Physical education teachers and coaches should consider gender and game format differences when using soccer.

scholarly journals Physiological and mechanical loads in Portuguese sub-elite football refereeing – a preliminary study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-223
Author(s):  
Ricardo Rebelo-Gonçalves ◽  
Hélder Pardal ◽  
Luís Coelho ◽  
Raúl Antunes ◽  
Nuno Amaro
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Football Match ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Impulse Load ◽  
Preliminary Study

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar la variación de la carga fisiológica y mecánica en un equipo arbitral de sub-élite, considerando las diferentes partes del partido y su rol (árbitro de campo vs árbitro asistente). Un árbitro de campo (32.57 años) y dos árbitros asistentes (31.05 años) fueron monitoreados durante cuatro juegos del Campeonato de Portugal a lo largo de la temporada 2018-2019 (categoría de edad senior, o adulto), utilizando ZephyrTM BioHarness. Se consideraron para el análisis las siguientes variables: temperatura cutánea, frecuencia respiratoria, frecuencia cardíaca (FC), porcentaje de frecuencia cardíaca máximo (%FCmáx), postura, actividad y pico de aceleración (ACpico). También se calculó la carga de impulso, expresada en N ∙ s. No se observaron diferencias fisiológicas y mecánicas según la parte del juego, considerando a todos los miembros del equipo arbitral. Se verificaron diferencias significativas entre los árbitros de campo y los árbitros asistentes en la primera y segunda parte y para el total de partido: en promedio, el árbitro de campo mostró valores superiores para temperatura cutánea (p = 0.016; r = -0.759), FC (p = 0.017; r = -0.757), %FCmáx (p = 0.017; r = -0,757), actividad (p = 0,017; r = -0,757) y ACpico (p = 0,017; r = -0,757). Curiosamente, no se encontraron diferencias para la carga de impulso entre el árbitro de campo y los árbitros asistentes. El perfil de actividad del árbitro de fútbol es fisiológica y mecánicamente exigente, incluso en un nivel de sub-élite. Las diferencias entre el árbitro de campo y los asistentes deben ser consideradas nel dibujo de programas de entrenamiento de preparación y acondicionamiento de árbitros para hacer frente a las demandas físicas de un partido de fútbol. This study aimed to examine the variation in physiological and mechanical load in a sub-elite refereeing team, considering the different parts of the match and their role (field referee vs assistant referees). One field referee (32.57 years) and two assistant referees (31.05 years) were monitored during 4 matches of the Portuguese Championship throughout the 2018-2019 season (senior age category, or adult), using the ZephyrTM BioHarness. The following variables were considered for analysis: skin temperature, respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), percentage of maximum heart rate (%HRmax), posture, activity, and peak acceleration (ACCpeak). The impulse load, expressed as , was also calculated. No physiological and mechanical differences were observed according to match half, considering the refereeing team members. Significant differences were verified between field referee and assistant referees in the 1st half and the 2nd half and for total match-play: on average, the field referee had higher values for skin temperature (p = 0.016; r = -0.759), HR (p = 0.017; r = -0.757), %HRmax (p = 0.017; r = -0.757), activity (p = 0.017; r = -0.757), and ACCpeak (p = 0.017; r = -0.757). Curiously, no differences were found for impulse load between the field referee and the assistant referees. The football referee’s activity profile is both physiologically and mechanically demanding, even at a sub-elite level. Differences between field referee and assistants must be considered in refereeing fitness and conditioning training programs to cope with physical demands of a football match. Este estudo teve como objetivo examinar a variação da carga fisiológica e mecânica numa equipa de arbitragem sub-elite, considerando as diferentes partes da partida e o seu papel (árbitro de campo vs árbitro assistente). Um árbitro de campo (32.57 anos) e dois árbitros assistentes (31.05 anos) foram monitorizados durante quatro jogos do Campeonato de Portugal ao longo da época 2018-2019 (escalão etário sénior, ou adulto), utilizando o ZephyrTM BioHarness. As seguintes variáveis foram consideradas para análise: temperatura cutânea, frequência respiratória (FR), frequência cardíaca (FC), percentagem da frequência cardíaca máxima (%FCmáx), postura, atividade e pico de aceleração (ACpico). A carga de impulso, expressa em N ∙ s, também foi calculada. Não foram observadas diferenças fisiológicas e mecânicas de acordo com a parte do jogo, considerando todos os membros da equipa de arbitragem. Diferenças significativas foram verificadas entre o árbitro de campo e os árbitros assistentes na 1ª e na 2ª parte e para o total do jogo: em média, o árbitro de campo apresentou valores superiores para a temperatura cutânea (p = 0.016; r = -0.759), FC (p = 0.017; r = -0.757), %FCmáx (p = 0.017; r = -0.757), atividade (p = 0.017; r = -0.757) e ACpico (p = 0.017; r = -0.757). Curiosamente, não foram encontradas diferenças para a carga de impulso entre o árbitro de campo e os árbitros assistentes. O perfil de atividade do árbitro de futebol é fisiológica e mecanicamente exigente, mesmo a um nível de sub-elite. As diferenças entre o árbitro de campo e os assistentes devem ser consideradas na preparação da arbitragem e nos programas de treino e condição física para melhor lidar com as exigências físicas de um jogo de futebol.

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