scholarly journals Exercise Intensity and Technical Involvement in U9 Team Handball: Effect of Game Format

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5663
Author(s):  
Georgios Ermidis ◽  
Rasmus C. Ellegard ◽  
Vincenzo Rago ◽  
Morten B. Randers ◽  
Peter Krustrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Team Handball ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Game Format

The purpose of this study was to quantify the exercise intensity and technical involvement of U9 boys’ and girls’ team handball during different game formats, and the differences between genders. Locomotor activity (total distance, distance in speed zones, accelerations, and decelerations), heart rate (HR), and technical involvement (shots, goals, and duels) metrics were collected during various 15 min game formats from a total of 57 Danish U9 players (37 boys and 20 girls). Game formats were a small size pitch (20 × 13 m) with 3 vs 3 players and offensive goalkeepers (S3 + 1) and 4 vs 4 players (S4), a medium size pitch (25.8 × 20 m) with 4 vs 4 (M4) and 5 vs 5 (M5) players, and a large size pitch (40 × 20 m) with 5 vs 5 (L5) players. Boys and girls covered a higher total distance (TD) of high-speed running (HSR) and sprinting during L5 games compared to all other game formats (p < 0.05; ES = (−0.9 to −2.1), (−1.4 to −2.8), and (−0.9 to −1.3) respectively). Players covered the highest amount of sprinting distance in L5 games compared to all other game formats (p < 0.01; ES = 0.8 to 1.4). In all the game formats, players spent from 3.04 to 5.96 min in 180–200 bpm and 0.03 min to 0.85 min in >200 bpm of the total 15 min. In addition, both genders had more shots in S3 + 1 than M5 (p < 0.01; ES = 1.0 (0.4;1.7)) and L5 (p < 0.01; ES = 1.1 (0.6;2.2)). Team handball matches have high heart rates, total distances covered, and high-intensity running distances for U9 boys and girls irrespective of the game format. Locomotor demands appeared to be even higher when playing on larger pitches, whereas the smaller pitch size and fewer players led to elevated technical involvement.

scholarly journals Activity Profile, Heart Rate, Technical Involvement, and Perceived Intensity and Fun in U13 Male and Female Team Handball Players: Effect of Game Format

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads Madsen ◽  
Georgios Ermidis ◽  
Vincenzo Rago ◽  
Kristoffer Surrow ◽  
Jeppe F. Vigh-Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fixed Number ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Team Handball ◽  
Game Format

The aim of the study was to compare the activity pattern, heart rate (HR), technical involvement, and subjective perceptions in U13 boys and girls playing team handball in five game formats. Activity pattern, heart rate (HR), technical involvement, perceived fun, and exertion were recorded from four girls teams (n = 24) and four boys teams (n = 24) played during a 1-day tournament consisting of five different game formats of 15-min duration: Medium court size, 4v4 (M4v4), 5v5 (M5v5), and 6v6 (M6v6), and large court size, 5v5 (L5v5) and 6v6 (L6v6). Girls covered more total distance (TD) and high-speed running (HSR, 13–17.9 km·h−1) on the large court compared to the medium court (p < 0.05; ES = 2.1–3.1 and 1.2–2.5, respectively). Boys covered more distance as HSR and sprinting on the large court compared to the medium court, but only more TD on the large court compared to the medium court with the same number of players, (p < 0.05; ES = 1.0–1.8, 1.0–1.8, and 1.1–1.8, respectively). Team handball for U13 boys and girls is a high-intensity activity irrespective of court size. Increasing the court size with a fixed number of players increased the total distance and HSR, whereas manipulating the number of players on a fixed court size appears to influence technical involvement.

Repeated-High-Intensity-Running Activity and Internal Training Load of Elite Rugby Sevens Players During International Matches: A Comparison Between Halves

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Suarez-Arrones ◽  
Javier Núñez ◽  
Eduardo Sáez de Villareal ◽  
Javier Gálvez ◽  
Gabriel Suarez-Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pronounced Reduction

Purpose:To describe the repeated-high-intensity activity and internal training load of rugby sevens players during international matches and to compare the differences between the 1st and 2nd halves.Methods:Twelve international-level male rugby sevens players were monitored during international competitive matches (n = 30 match files) using global positioning system technology and heart-rate monitoring.Results:The relative total distance covered by the players throughout the match was 112.1 ± 8.4 m/min. As a percentage of total distance, 35.0% (39.2 ± 9.0 m/min) was covered at medium speed and 17.1% (19.2 ± 6.8 m/min) at high speed. A substantial decrease in the distance covered at >14.0 km/h and >18.0 km/h, the number of accelerations of >2.78 m/s and >4.0 m/s, repeated-sprint sequences interspersed with ≤60 s rest, and repeated-acceleration sequences interspersed with ≤30 s or ≤60 s rest was observed in the 2nd half compared with the 1st half. A substantial increase in the mean heart rate (HR), HRmax, percentage of time at >80% HRmax and at >90% HRmax, and Edwards training load was observed in the 2nd half compared with the 1st half.Conclusion:This study provides evidence of a pronounced reduction in high-intensity and repeated-highintensity activities and increases in internal training load in rugby sevens players during the 2nd half of international matches.

scholarly journals Effect of Changing Match Format from Halves to Quarters on the Performance Characteristics of Male University Field Hockey Players

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5490
Author(s):  
Elliot P. Lam ◽  
Caroline D. Sunderland ◽  
John G. Morris ◽  
Laura-Anne M. Furlong ◽  
Barry S. Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
National Level ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Field Hockey ◽  
Heart Rate Monitors ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
The Uk

The study examined whether the performance characteristics of male university field hockey players differed when the match format was 2 × 35 min halves compared to 2 × 2 × 17.5 min quarters. Thirty-five male university field hockey players (age 21.2 ± 3.0 years, height 1.81 ± 0.07 m, body mass 75.1 ± 8.9 kg), competing at national level in the UK, were monitored over 52 matches played across the 2018–2019 (2 × 35 min halves) and 2019–2020 (2 × 2 × 17.5 min quarters) seasons using 15 Hz Global Positioning System units and heart rate monitors. Total distance, high-speed running distance (≥15.5 km·h−1), accelerations (≥2 m·s−1), decelerations (≤−2 m·s−1), average heart rate and percentage of time spent at >85% of maximum heart rate were recorded during both match formats. Two-level random intercept hierarchal models (Match—level 1, Player—level 2) suggested that the change in format from 2 × 35 min halves (2018–2019 season) to 2 × 2 × 17.5 min quarters (2019–2020 season) resulted in a reduction in total distance and high-speed running distance completed during a match (by 221 m and 120 m, respectively, both p < 0.001). As no significant cross-level interactions were observed (between season and half), the change from 35 min halves to 17.5 min quarters did not attenuate the reduced physical performance evident during the second half of matches (total distance: −235 m less in second half; high-speed running distance: −70 m less in second half; both p < 0.001). Overall, the findings suggest that the change in match format did alter the performance characteristics of male university field hockey players, but the quarter format actually reduced the total distance and high-speed running distance completed during matches, and did not attenuate the reduction in performance seen during the second half of matches.

scholarly journals Associations Between Selected Training-Stress Measures and Fitness Changes in Male Soccer Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1050-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Rabbani ◽  
Mehdi Kargarfard ◽  
Carlo Castagna ◽  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Craig Twist
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Body Load ◽  
Training Stress ◽  
Training Impulse

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between accumulated global positioning system–accelerometer-based and heart rate–based training metrics and changes in high-intensity intermittent-running capacity during an in-season phase in professional soccer players. Methods: Eleven male professional players (mean [SD] age 27.2 [4.5] y) performed the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-15IFT) before and after a 5-wk in-season training phase, and the final velocity (VIFT) was considered their high-intensity intermittent-running capacity. During all sessions, Edwards training impulse (Edwards TRIMP), Banister TRIMP, Z5 TRIMP, training duration, total distance covered, new body load (NBL), high-intensity running performance (distance covered above 14.4 km·h−1), and very-high-intensity running performance (distance covered above 19.8 km·h−1) were recorded. Results: The players’ VIFT showed a most likely moderate improvement (+4.3%, 90% confidence limits 3.1–5.5%, effect size 0.70, [0.51–0.89]). Accumulated NBL, Banister TRIMP, and Edwards TRIMP showed large associations (r = .51–.54) with changes in VIFT. A very large relationship was also observed between accumulated Z5 TRIMP (r = .72) with changes in VIFT. Large to nearly perfect within-individual relationships were observed between NBL and some of the other training metrics (ie, Edwards TRIMP, Banister TRIMP, training duration, and total distance) in 10 out of 11 players. Conclusions: Heart rate–based training metrics can be used to monitor high-intensity intermittent-running-capacity changes in professional soccer players. The dose–response relationship is also largely detected using accelerometer-based metrics (ie, NBL) to track changes in high-intensity intermittent-running capacity of professional soccer players.

scholarly journals Exercise training intensity determination in cardiovascular rehabilitation: Should the guidelines be reconsidered?

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 1921-1928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Hansen ◽  
Kim Bonné ◽  
Toon Alders ◽  
Ann Hermans ◽  
Katrien Copermans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Cardiovascular Rehabilitation ◽  
Correct Determination ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise

Aims In the rehabilitation of cardiovascular disease patients a correct determination of the endurance-type exercise intensity is important to generate health benefits and preserve medical safety. It remains to be assessed whether the guideline-based exercise intensity domains are internally consistent and agree with physiological responses to exercise in cardiovascular disease patients. Methods A total of 272 cardiovascular disease patients without pacemaker executed a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test on bike (peak respiratory gas exchange ratio >1.09), to assess peak heart rate (HRpeak), oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and cycling power output (Wpeak). The first and second ventilatory threshold (VT1 and VT2, respectively) was determined and extrapolated to %VO2peak, %HRpeak, %heart rate reserve (%HRR) and %Wpeak for comparison with guideline-based exercise intensity domains. Results VT1 was noted at 62 ± 10% VO2peak, 75 ± 10% HRpeak, 42 ± 14% HRR and 47 ± 11% Wpeak, corresponding to the high intensity exercise domain (for %VO2peak and %HRpeak) or low intensity exercise domain (for %Wpeak and %HRR). VT2 was noted at 84 ± 9% VO2peak, 88 ± 8% HRpeak, 74 ± 15% HRR and 76 ± 11% Wpeak, corresponding to the high intensity exercise domain (for %HRR and %Wpeak) or very hard exercise domain (for %HRpeak and %VO2peak). At best (when using %Wpeak) in only 63% and 72% of all patients VT1 and VT2, respectively, corresponded to the same guideline-based exercise intensity domain, but this dropped to about 48% and 52% at worst (when using %HRR and %HRpeak, respectively). In particular, the patient’s VO2peak related to differently elicited guideline-based exercise intensity domains ( P < 0.05). Conclusion The guideline-based exercise intensity domains for cardiovascular disease patients seem inconsistent, thus reiterating the need for adjustment.

Exercise intensity during repeated days of racing in professional triathletes

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Hue ◽  
Olivier Galy ◽  
Daniel Le Gallais
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
The Other ◽  
Very High

The purpose of this study was to estimate the exercise intensity from the competition heart rate (HR) of professional triathletes during a multi-triathlon race. Five internationally ranked professional triathletes completed incremental cycling and running tests to assess the first and second ventilatory thresholds (i.e., VT and RCT) and the HR at VT and RCT. HR was then monitored during a 5 d multi-triathlon race: a prologue time trial (PTT, 0.2 km swim - 5 km cycle - 1.2 km run) that opened the race; short-distance triathlons (SHD; 1.3 km swim - 36 km cycle - 8.4 km run) performed on the 2nd and 5th days; and sprint-distance triathlons (SPD; 0.75 km swim - 20 km cycle - 5 km run) performed on the 3rd and 4th days. All trials except the last (i.e., the second SHD) were performed above HR corresponding to RCT. PTT elicited significantly higher mean HR than the other trials (except for the first SPD trial). In contrast, the last SHD elicited significantly lower HR than the other trials. These responses were globally similar in the 3 segments (i.e., swim, cycle, and run). This study demonstrates that the triathletes performed at very high intensity during a drafting-permitted multi-triathlon race. However, as shown for multi-day cycling distances, the HR responses depended on (i) the distance covered and (ii) group behavior.Key words: heart rate, ventilatory thresholds, swim, cycle, run.

scholarly journals The Association Between Internal and External Measures of Training Load in Batsmen and Medium-Fast Bowlers During Net-Based Cricket Training

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Vickery ◽  
Ben Dascombe ◽  
Rob Duffield
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
External Training

Purpose:To examine the relationship between session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) and measures of internal and external training load (TL) in cricket batsmen and medium-fast bowlers during net-based training sessions.Methods:The internal (heart rate), external (movement demands, PlayerLoad), and technical (cricket-specific skills) loads of 30 male cricket players (age 21.2 ± 3.8 y, height 1.82 ± 0.07 m, body mass 79.0 ± 8.7 kg) were determined from net-based cricket-training sessions (n = 118). The relationships between sRPE and measures of TL were quantified using Pearson product–moment correlations respective to playing position. Stepwise multiple-regression techniques provided key internal- and external-load determinants of sRPE in cricket players.Results:Significant correlations were evident (r = -.34 to .87, P < .05) between internal and external measures of TL and sRPE, with the strongest correlations (r ≥ .62) for GPS-derived measures for both playing positions. In batsmen, stepwise multiple-regression analysis revealed that 67.8% of the adjusted variance in sRPE could be explained by PlayerLoad and high-intensity distance (y = 27.43 + 0.81 PlayerLoad + 0.29 high-intensity distance). For medium-fast bowlers, 76.3% of the adjusted variance could be explained by total distance and mean heart rate (y = 101.82 + total distance 0.05 + HRmean – 0.48).Conclusion:These results suggest that sRPE is a valid method of reporting TL among cricket batsmen and medium-fast bowlers. Position-specific responses are evident and should be considered when monitoring the TL of cricket players.

scholarly journals Physical and Heart Rate Responses of Male Minifootball Players: A Case Study of an Elite Minifootball Match

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamel Halouani ◽  
Cyrine H'mida ◽  
Khaled Trabelsi ◽  
Cain Clark ◽  
Hamdi Chtourou
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to explore the physical parameters and the heart rate responses of elite minifootball players during an international match. Methods: Ten male elite players from two national teams (Tunisia vs. Switzerland) participated in this study (26.2 ± 1.9 years, 175 ± 7 cm, 79.2 ± 5.8 kg). Heart rate was recorded by polar team system all the time that players spent moving on the pitch (walking, jogging, and running). For physical parameters, parameters (i.e., indicator of workload, sprints, total distance, acceleration and deceleration) were gathered using wearable GPS. Results: Results showed that the minifootball match induced high intensity exercise (86% HRmax). Moreover, total distance and high-intensity running distance were significantly higher in favor of the first half than in the second half. Likewise, sprints, acceleration and deceleration at high intensity were significantly higher in the first half. Conclusions: Minifootball is a physically intense sport, necessitating high intensity. Thus, its physical demands should be taken into consideration by coaches when designing and implementing training sessions.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Association between Running Performance and Game Performance Indicators in Professional Soccer Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 4032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Modric ◽  
Versic ◽  
Sekulic ◽  
Liposek
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Performance Statistics ◽  
Game Performance

Running performance (RP) and game performance indicators (GPI) are important determinants of success in soccer (football), but there is an evident lack of knowledge about the possible associations between RP and GPI. This study aimed to identify associations between RP and GPI in professional soccer players and to compare RP and GPI among soccer playing positions. One hundred one match performances were observed over the course of half of a season at the highest level of national competition in Croatia. Players (mean ± SD, age: 23.85 ± 2.88 years; body height: 183.05 ± 8.88 cm; body mass: 78.69 ± 7.17 kg) were classified into five playing positions (central defenders (n = 26), full-backs (n = 24), central midfielders (n = 33), wide midfielders (n = 10), and forwards (n = 8). RP, as measured by global positioning system, included the total distance covered, distance covered in five speed categories (walking, jogging, running, high-speed running, and maximal sprinting), total number of accelerations, number of high-intensity accelerations, total number of decelerations, and number of high-intensity decelerations. The GPI were collected by the position-specific performance statistics index (InStat index). The average total distance was 10,298.4 ± 928.7 m, with central defenders having the shortest and central midfielders having the greatest covered distances. The running (r = 0.419, p = 0.03) and high-intensity accelerations (r = 0.493, p = 0.01) were correlated with the InStat index for central defenders. The number of decelerations of full-backs (r = −0.43, p = 0.04) and the distance covered during sprinting of forwards (r = 0.80, p = 0.02) were associated with their GPI obtained by InStat index. The specific correlations between RP and GPI should be considered during the conditioning process in soccer. The soccer training should follow the specific requirements of the playing positions established herein, which will allow players to meet the game demands and to perform successfully.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability and Physical Demands of In-Season Youth Elite Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1391
Author(s):  
Javier Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
Javier Botella ◽  
Jose Luis Felipe Hernández ◽  
Manuel León ◽  
Víctor Paredes-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
External Load ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Training Stimulus ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
Total Distance

Monitoring fatigue and performance is important for adjusting training loads in soccer. Therefore, knowing the status of the player when applying a training stimulus is key to optimizing the players’ development. This study aims to evaluate the interaction between internal and external load, during training and matches, in an elite youth soccer team. Methods: seventeen youth players of the highest Spanish category were monitored with GPS devices during training and matches, as well as recording their nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV). We employed a linear mixed model to assess the physical demands between training and matches, and to compare the HRV variables. Results: a higher total distance (+2993.35–5746.56 m; ES = 1.4), distance at high intensity (+641.24–1907 m; ES = 1.5), sprint distance (+350.46–795.05 m; ES = 2.1), number of sprints (+18.38–41.58; ES = 1.9), and number of repeated sprints (+5.91–15.30; ES = 1.7) (all p < 0.001), but not in the number of accelerations, were reported during the matches when compared to the training sessions during the 11 weeks. The analysis of the HRV variables showed no significant differences between the accumulated values during a training week, providing similar results pre-match or post-match (p > 0.05). The LF/HFRATIO showed a negative influence on the total distance ran, distance at high intensity, distance in sprint, number of sprints, and repeated sprint. RRMEAN was positively related to the sprint number. Conclusion: the results of the present study suggest that nocturnal HRV variables are not different between pre-match and post-match. Furthermore, it suggests that LF/HFRATIO and RRMEAN during pre-match can determine the external load that the player will be able to complete during the match.

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