Runners with mid‐portion Achilles tendinopathy have greater triceps surae intracortical inhibition than healthy controls

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel L. Fernandes ◽  
Lucas B. R. Orssatto ◽  
Anthony J. Shield ◽  
Gabriel S. Trajano
Keyword(s):  
Intracortical Inhibition ◽  
Achilles Tendinopathy ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Healthy Controls

scholarly journals Runners with chronic mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy have greater Triceps surae intracortical inhibition than healthy controls

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. S8
Author(s):  
L.B.R. Orssatto ◽  
G. Fernandes ◽  
A. Shields ◽  
G. Trajano
Keyword(s):  
Intracortical Inhibition ◽  
Achilles Tendinopathy ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Healthy Controls

scholarly journals A Comparison Of Ground Reaction Forces And Sagittal Plane Ankle Kinematics Between Runners With Achilles Tendinopathy And Healthy Controls

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5S) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Weijie Fu ◽  
Julia Reilly ◽  
Adam Tenforde ◽  
Steve Jamison ◽  
Matthew Ruder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Achilles Tendinopathy ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Ankle Kinematics ◽  
Reaction Forces

Between-day reliability of triceps surae responses to standing perturbations in people post-stroke and healthy controls: A high-density surface EMG investigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gallina ◽  
C.L. Pollock ◽  
T.M. Vieira ◽  
T.D. Ivanova ◽  
S.J. Garland
Keyword(s):  
Surface Emg ◽  
High Density ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Density Surface

Triceps surae activation is altered in male runners with Achilles tendinopathy

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Wyndow ◽  
S.M. Cowan ◽  
T.V. Wrigley ◽  
K.M. Crossley
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendinopathy ◽  
Triceps Surae

scholarly journals Neuromotor control of the triceps surae during running in people with and without Achilles tendinopathy and the immediate effect of foot orthoses

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narelle Wyndow ◽  
Sallie Cowan ◽  
T Wrigley ◽  
Kay Crossley
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendinopathy ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Neuromotor Control

scholarly journals Biomechanical Factors Associated With Achilles Tendinopathy and Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome in Runners

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2614-2621 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Becker ◽  
Stanley James ◽  
Robert Wayner ◽  
Louis Osternig ◽  
Li-Shan Chou
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Achilles Tendinopathy ◽  
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Stress Syndrome ◽  
Rearfoot Eversion

Background: There is disagreement in the literature regarding whether the excessive excursion or velocity of rearfoot eversion is related to the development of 2 common running injuries: Achilles tendinopathy (AT) and medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS). An alternative hypothesis suggests that the duration of rearfoot eversion may be an important factor. However, the duration of eversion has received relatively little attention in the biomechanics literature. Hypothesis: Runners with AT or MTSS will demonstrate a longer duration of eversion but not greater excursion or velocity of eversion compared with healthy controls. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Forty-two runners participated in this study (13 with AT, 8 with MTSS, and 21 matched controls). Participants were evaluated for lower extremity alignment and flexibility, after which a 3-dimensional kinematic and kinetic running gait analysis was performed. Differences between the 2 injuries and between injured and control participants were evaluated for flexibility and alignment, rearfoot kinematics, and 3 ground-reaction force metrics. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate which variables best predicted membership in the injured group. Results: Injured participants, compared with controls, demonstrated higher standing tibia varus angles (8.67° ± 1.79° vs 6.76° ± 1.75°, respectively; P = .002), reduced static dorsiflexion range of motion (6.14° ± 5.04° vs 11.19° ± 5.10°, respectively; P = .002), more rearfoot eversion at heel-off (–6.47° ± 5.58° vs 1.07° ± 2.26°, respectively; P < .001), and a longer duration of eversion (86.02% ± 15.65% stance vs 59.12% ± 16.50% stance, respectively; P < .001). There were no differences in the excursion or velocity of eversion. The logistic regression (χ2 = 20.84, P < .001) revealed that every 1% increase in the duration of eversion during the stance phase increased the odds of being in the injured group by 1.08 (95% CI, 1.023-1.141; P = .006). Conclusion: Compared with healthy controls, runners currently symptomatic with AT or MTSS have a longer duration of eversion but not greater excursion or velocity of eversion. Clinical Relevance: Static measures of the tibia varus angle and dorsiflexion range of motion, along with dynamic measures of the duration of eversion, may be useful for identifying runners at risk of sustaining AT or MTSS.

scholarly journals Flexor hallucis longus hypertrophy secondary to Achilles tendon tendinopathy: an MRI-based case–control study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan H. Wirth ◽  
Octavian Andronic ◽  
Fabian Aregger ◽  
Anna Jungwirth-Weinberger ◽  
Thorsten Jentzsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Achilles Tendinopathy ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Flexor Hallucis Longus ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Indirect Sign ◽  
Mri Scans

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to outline an indirect sign of advanced Achilles tendinopathy on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), based on the hypothesis that these patients would present with secondary hypertrophy of the flexor hallucis longus muscle (FHL). Methods MRI scans of Achilles tendon were analyzed retrospectively in two cohorts. The study group consisted of consecutive patients presenting with clinical signs of Achilles tendinopathy and no previous surgeries, while the control group were patients that had an MRI due to other reasons and no signs of tendinopathy. Two parameters from two muscle bellies were measured and compared on axial MRI scans 4–5 cm above the ankle joint line at the level of greatest thickness: area and diameter of the triceps surae (TS) and of the FHL muscle. Ratios (FHL/TS) were calculated for area (Ar) and diameter (Dm) measurements. Interobserver agreement was analyzed. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was created for both ratios to assess potential cutoff points to differentiate between the groups. Results A total of 60 patients for each study group were included. Both ratios Ar(FHL/TS) and Dm(FHL/TS) showed significant higher values in the tendinopathy group (p < 0.001). There were strong to very strong intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC = 0.75–0.93). A diameter ratio Dm (FHL/TS) of 2.0 or higher had a sensitivity of 49% and specificity of 90% for concomitant Achilles tendinopathy. Conclusion In our patient cohort, FHL hypertrophy was observed in patients with Achilles tendinopathy as a possible compensatory mechanism. Measuring a diameter ratio Dm(FHL/TS) of 2.0 or higher on an axial MRI, may be indicative as an indirect sign of functional deterioration of the Achilles tendon.

Effects of 12-wk eccentric calf muscle training on muscle-tendon glucose uptake and SEMG in patients with chronic Achilles tendon pain

2014 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir Masood ◽  
Kari Kalliokoski ◽  
S. Peter Magnusson ◽  
Jens Bojsen-Møller ◽  
Taija Finni
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Achilles Tendinopathy ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Flexor Hallucis Longus ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Plantar Flexors ◽  
Lateral Gastrocnemius

High-load eccentric exercises have been a key component in the conservative management of chronic Achilles tendinopathy. This study investigated the effects of a 12-wk progressive, home-based eccentric rehabilitation program on ankle plantar flexors' glucose uptake (GU) and myoelectric activity and Achilles tendon GU. A longitudinal study design with control ( n = 10) and patient ( n = 10) groups was used. Surface electromyography (SEMG) from four ankle plantar flexors and GU from the same muscles and the Achilles tendon were measured during submaximal intermittent isometric plantar flexion task. The results indicated that the symptomatic leg was weaker ( P < 0.05) than the asymptomatic leg at baseline, but improved ( P < 0.001) with eccentric rehabilitation. Additionally, the rehabilitation resulted in greater GU in both soleus ( P < 0.01) and lateral gastrocnemius ( P < 0.001) in the symptomatic leg, while the asymptomatic leg displayed higher uptake for medial gastrocnemius and flexor hallucis longus ( P < 0.05). While both patient legs had higher tendon GU than the controls ( P < 0.05), there was no rehabilitation effect on the tendon GU. Concerning SEMG, at baseline, soleus showed more relative activity in the symptomatic leg compared with both the asymptomatic and control legs ( P < 0.05), probably reflecting an effort to compensate for the decreased force potential. The rehabilitation resulted in greater SEMG activity in the lateral gastrocnemius ( P < 0.01) of the symptomatic leg with no other within- or between-group differences. Eccentric rehabilitation was effective in decreasing subjective severity of Achilles tendinopathy. It also resulted in redistribution of relative electrical activity, but not metabolic activity, within the triceps surae muscle.

scholarly journals Cortical Excitability and Connectivity in Patients With Brain Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Rizzo ◽  
Carmen Terranova ◽  
Giovanni Raffa ◽  
Salvatore Massimiliano Cardali ◽  
Filippo Flavio Angileri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
Intracortical Inhibition ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Short Latency ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Afferent Inhibition

Background: Brain tumors can cause different changes in excitation and inhibition at the neuronal network level. These changes can be generated from mechanical and cellular alterations, often manifesting clinically as seizures.Objective/Hypothesis: The effects of brain tumors on cortical excitability (CE) have not yet been well-evaluated. The aim of the current study was to further investigate cortical–cortical and cortical–spinal excitability in patients with brain tumors using a more extensive transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol.Methods: We evaluated CE on 12 consecutive patients with lesions within or close to the precentral gyrus, as well as in the subcortical white matter motor pathways. We assessed resting and active motor threshold, short-latency intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI), long-latency afferent inhibition, cortical silent period, and interhemispheric inhibition.Results: CE was reduced in patients with brain tumors than in healthy controls. In addition, SICI, ICF, and SAI were lower in the affected hemisphere compared to the unaffected and healthy controls.Conclusions: CE is abnormal in hemispheres affected by brain tumors. Further studies are needed to determine if CE is related with motor impairment.

scholarly journals Flexor Hallucis Longus Hypertrophy Secondary to Achilles Tendon Tendinopathy: An MRI-based Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Wirth ◽  
Octavian Andronic ◽  
Fabian Aregger ◽  
Anna Jungwirth-Weinberger ◽  
Thorsten Jentzsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Interobserver Agreement ◽  
Achilles Tendinopathy ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Flexor Hallucis Longus ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to outline indirect signs of advanced Achilles tendinopathy on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and develop a potential tool that could aid in surgical decision-making.Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of Achilles tendon were analyzed retrospectively in two consecutive cohorts. Control group consisted of patients that had an MRI due to other reasons and no signs of tendinopathy. Two parameters from two muscle bellies were measured and compared on axial MRI scans 4 to 5 cm above the ankle joint line at the level of greatest thickness: area and diameter of the triceps surae (TS) and of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL). Interobserver agreement was analyzed. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was created for both quotients to assess potential cut-off points.Results: A total of 60 patients for each study group were included. The ratios for area and for diameter showed significant higher values for FHL in the tendinopathy group (p<0.001). There was strong to very strong interobserver agreement (rho=0.744). A diameter ratio FHL/TS of 2.0 or higher had a sensitivity of 49% and specificity of 90% for concomitant Achilles tendinopathy.Conclusion: In our patient cohort, flexor hallucis longus hypertrophy was observed even before a tendon transfer was employed as a possible compensatory mechanism for Achilles tendon tendinopathy. Using the tool described in this study, measuring a value of 2.0 or higher on an axial MRI, may be indicative as an indirect sign of functional deterioration of the Achilles tendon.

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