scholarly journals A Comparison Of Ground Reaction Forces And Sagittal Plane Ankle Kinematics Between Runners With Achilles Tendinopathy And Healthy Controls

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5S) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Weijie Fu ◽  
Julia Reilly ◽  
Adam Tenforde ◽  
Steve Jamison ◽  
Matthew Ruder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Achilles Tendinopathy ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Ankle Kinematics ◽  
Reaction Forces

scholarly journals The effect of walking speed on the foot inter-segment kinematics, ground reaction forces and lower limb joint moments

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Sun ◽  
Gusztáv Fekete ◽  
Qichang Mei ◽  
Yaodong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Angle Variation ◽  
Foot Kinematics ◽  
Reaction Forces

Background Normative foot kinematic and kinetic data with different walking speeds will benefit rehabilitation programs and improving gait performance. The purpose of this study was to analyze foot kinematics and kinetics differences between slow walking (SW), normal walking (NW) and fast walking (FW) of healthy subjects. Methods A total of 10 healthy male subjects participated in this study; they were asked to carry out walks at a self-selected speed. After measuring and averaging the results of NW, the subjects were asked to perform a 25% slower and 25% faster walk, respectively. Temporal-spatial parameters, kinematics of the tibia (TB), hindfoot (HF), forefoot (FF) and hallux (HX), and ground reaction forces (GRFs) were recorded while the subjects walked at averaged speeds of 1.01 m/s (SW), 1.34 m/s (NW), and 1.68 m/s (FW). Results Hindfoot relative to tibia (HF/TB) and forefoot relative to hindfoot (FF/HF) dorsiflexion (DF) increased in FW, while hallux relative to forefoot (HX/FF) DF decreased. Increased peak eversion (EV) and peak external rotation (ER) in HF/TB were observed in FW with decreased peak supination (SP) in FF/HF. GRFs were increased significantly with walking speed. The peak values of the knee and ankle moments in the sagittal and frontal planes significantly increased during FW compared with SW and NW. Discussion Limited HF/TB and FF/HF motion of SW was likely compensated for increased HX/FF DF. Although small angle variation in HF/TB EV and FF/HF SP during FW may have profound effects for foot kinetics. Higher HF/TB ER contributed to the FF push-off the ground while the center of mass (COM) progresses forward in FW, therefore accompanied by higher FF/HF abduction in FW. Increased peak vertical GRF in FW may affected by decreased stance duration time, the biomechanical mechanism maybe the change in vertical COM height and increase leg stiffness. Walking speed changes accompanied with modulated sagittal plane ankle moments to alter the braking GRF during loading response. The findings of foot kinematics, GRFs, and lower limb joint moments among healthy males may set a reference to distinguish abnormal and pathological gait patterns.

scholarly journals Braking and propulsive impulses in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome when walking up and down stairs

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-447
Author(s):  
Marcelo Camargo Saad ◽  
Renato Moraes ◽  
Lilian Ramiro Felicio ◽  
Débora Bevilaqua-Grossi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Painful Condition ◽  
Motor Strategy ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a prevalent clinical condition and it affects gait behavior. Braking and propulsive impulses are important biomechanical parameters obtained from ground reaction forces (GRF), which combine the amount of force applied over a period of time. The aim of this study was to evaluate these impulses while walking up and down stairs in healthy controls and PFPS individuals. The results did not reveal significant differences in braking and propulsive impulses between groups during these activities. Thus, the painful condition on a simple functional activity was insufficient to change the motor strategy to walking up or down the stairs.

scholarly journals Lower extremity stiffness in habitual forefoot strikers during running on different overground surfaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziwei Zeng ◽  
Lulu Yin ◽  
Wenxing Zhou ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Jiayi Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Vertical Stiffness ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Artificial Grass

Purpose: Sports surface is one of the known external factors affecting running performance and injury. To date, we have found no study that examined the lower extremity stiffness in habitual forefoot strikers running on different overground surfaces. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate lower extremity stiffness and relevant kinematic adjustments in habitual forefoot strikers while running on different surfaces. Methods: Thirty-one male habitual forefoot strikers were recruited in this study. Runners were instructed to run at a speed of 3.3 m/s (±5%) on three surfaces, named synthetic rubber, concrete, and artificial grass. Results: No significant differences were found in leg stiffness, vertical stiffness, and joint stiffness in the sagittal plane during running on the three surfaces (p > 0.05). Running on artificial grass exerted a greater displacement in knee joint angle than running on synthetic rubber (p = 0.002, 95% CI = 1.52–7.35 degrees) and concrete (p = 0.006, 95% CI = 1.04–7.25 degrees). In the sagittal plane, peak knee moment was lower on concrete than on artificial grass (p = 0.003, 95% CI = 0.11–0.58 Nm/kg), whereas peak ankle moment was lower on synthetic rubber than on concrete (p < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.03–0.07 Nm/kg) and on artificial grass (p < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.02–0.06 Nm/kg). Among the three surfaces, the maximal ground reaction forces on concrete were the lowest (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study indicated that running surfaces cannot influence lower extremity stiffness in habitual forefoot strikers at current running speed. Kinematic adjustments of knee and ankle, as well as ground reaction forces, may contribute to maintaining similar lower extremity stiffness.

scholarly journals Characterization of Multiple Movement Strategies in Participants With Chronic Ankle Instability

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 698-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ty Hopkins ◽  
S. Jun Son ◽  
Hyunsoo Kim ◽  
Garritt Page ◽  
Matthew K. Seeley
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Sensorimotor Deficits ◽  
Movement Strategies ◽  
Reaction Forces

Context Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is characterized by multiple sensorimotor deficits, affecting strength, postural control, motion, and movement. Identifying specific deficits is the key to developing appropriate interventions for this patient population; however, multiple movement strategies within this population may limit the ability to identify specific movement deficits. Objective To identify specific movement strategies in a large sample of participants with CAI and to characterize each strategy relative to a sample of uninjured control participants. Design Descriptive laboratory study. Setting Biomechanics laboratory. Patients or Other Participants A total of 200 individuals with CAI (104 men, 96 women; age = 22.3 ± 2.2 years, height = 174.2 ± 9.5 cm, mass = 72.0 ± 14.0 kg) were selected according to the inclusion criteria established by the International Ankle Consortium and were fit into clusters based on movement strategy. A total of 100 healthy individuals serving as controls (54 men, 46 women; age = 22.2 ± 3.0 years, height = 173.2 ± 9.2 cm, mass = 70.7 ± 13.4 kg) were compared with each cluster. Main Outcome Measure(s) Lower extremity joint biomechanics and ground reaction forces were collected during a maximal vertical jump landing, followed immediately by a side cut. Data were reduced to functional output or curves, kinematic data from the frontal and sagittal planes were reduced to a single representative curve for each plane, and representative curves were clustered using a Bayesian clustering technique. Estimated functions for each dependent variable were compared with estimated functions from the control group to describe each cluster. Results Six distinct clusters were identified from the frontal-plane and sagittal-plane data. Differences in joint angles, joint moments, and ground reaction forces between clusters and the control group were also identified. Conclusions The participants with CAI demonstrated 6 distinct movement strategies, indicating that CAI could be characterized by multiple distinct movement alterations. Clinicians should carefully evaluate patients with CAI for sensorimotor deficits and quality of movement to determine the appropriate interventions for treatment.

scholarly journals Individuality decoded by running patterns: Movement characteristics that determine the uniqueness of human running

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249657
Author(s):  
Fabian Hoitz ◽  
Vinzenz von Tscharner ◽  
Jennifer Baltich ◽  
Benno M. Nigg
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Gait Recognition ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Movement Trajectories ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Reaction Forces

Human gait is as unique to an individual as is their fingerprint. It remains unknown, however, what gait characteristics differentiate well between individuals that could define the uniqueness of human gait. The purpose of this work was to determine the gait characteristics that were most relevant for a neural network to identify individuals based on their running patterns. An artificial neural network was trained to recognize kinetic and kinematic movement trajectories of overground running from 50 healthy novice runners (males and females). Using layer-wise relevance propagation, the contribution of each variable to the classification result of the neural network was determined. It was found that gait characteristics of the coronal and transverse plane as well as medio-lateral ground reaction forces provided more information for subject identification than gait characteristics of the sagittal plane and ground reaction forces in vertical or anterior-posterior direction. Additionally, gait characteristics during the early stance were more relevant for gait recognition than those of the mid and late stance phase. It was concluded that the uniqueness of human gait is predominantly encoded in movements of the coronal and transverse plane during early stance.

A Functional Evaluation of Prosthetic Foot Kinematics During Lower-Limb Amputee Gait

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Goujon ◽  
X. Bonnet ◽  
P. Sautreuil ◽  
M. Maurisset ◽  
L. Darmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Foot Kinematics ◽  
Amputation Level ◽  
Prosthetic Foot ◽  
Ankle Kinematics ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Lower Limb Amputee ◽  
Time Distance ◽  
Prosthetic Feet

This paper reports on a functional evaluation of prosthetic feet based on gait analysis. The aim is to analyse prosthetic feet behaviour under loads applied during gait in order to quantify user benefits for each foot. Ten traumatic amputees (six trans-tibial and four trans-femoral) were tested using their own prosthetic foot. An original protocol is presented to calculate the forefoot kinematics together with the overall body kinematics and ground reaction forces during gait. In this work, sagittal motion of the prosthetic ankle and the forefoot, time-distance parameters and ground reaction forces were examined. It is shown that an analysis of not only trans-tibial but also trans-femoral amputees provides an insight in the performance of prosthetic feet. Symmetry and prosthetic propulsive force were proved to be mainly dependant on amputation level. In contrast, the flexion of the prosthetic forefoot and several time-distance parameters are highly influenced by foot design. Correlations show influential of foot and ankle kinematics on other parameters. These results suggest that prosthetic foot efficiency depends simultaneously on foot design and gait style. The evaluation, proposed in this article, associated to clinical examination should help to achieve the best prosthetic foot match to a patient.

Quadriceps Inhibition Induced by an Experimental Knee Joint Effusion Affects Knee Joint Mechanics during a Single-Legged Drop Landing

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1269-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riann M. Palmieri-Smith ◽  
Jennifer Kreinbrink ◽  
James A. Ashton-Miller ◽  
Edward M. Wojtys
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Joint Effusion ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Joint Mechanics ◽  
Drop Landing ◽  
Muscle Inhibition ◽  
Reaction Forces

Background Arthrogenic quadriceps muscle inhibition accompanies knee joint effusion and impedes rehabilitation after knee joint injury. Hypothesis We hypothesized that an experimentally induced knee joint effusion would cause arthrogenic quadriceps muscle inhibition and lead to increased ground reaction forces, as well as sagittal plane knee angles and moments, during a single-legged drop landing. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Nine subjects (4 women and 5 men) underwent 4 conditions (no effusion, lidocaine injection, “low” effusion [30 mL], and “high” effusion [60 mL]) and then performed a single-legged drop landing. Lower extremity muscle activity, peak sagittal plane knee flexion angles, net sagittal plane knee moments, and peak ground reaction forces were measured. Results Vastus medialis and lateralis activity were decreased during the low and high effusion conditions (P < .05). However, increases in peak ground reaction forces and decreases in peak knee flexion angle and net knee extension moments occurred only during the high effusion condition (P < .05). Conclusions Knee joint effusion induced quadriceps inhibition and altered knee joint mechanics during a landing task. Subjects landed with larger ground reaction forces and in greater knee extension, thereby suggesting that more force will be transferred to the knee joint and its passive restraints when quadriceps inhibition is present. Clinical Relevance Knee joint effusion results in arthrogenic quadriceps muscle inhibition, increasing loading about the knee that may potentially increase the risk of future knee joint trauma or degeneration.

scholarly journals The Effect of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy on Ground Reaction Forces during Straight Walking in Stroke Survivors

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirah Mustapa ◽  
Maria Justine ◽  
Nadia Mohd Mustafah ◽  
Haidzir Manaf
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lateral Forces ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Purpose. The aim of this present study was to investigate the ground reaction forces (GRFs) alterations in stroke survivors with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).Methods. Ten stroke survivors with DPN, 10 stroke survivors without DPN, and 10 healthy controls with matched body weight between groups participated in this case-control cross-sectional study. Three-dimensional GRFs (anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and vertical) were collected at a comfortable walking speed using the Nexus Vicon motion analysis system and force plate. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to analyze GRFs parameters.Results. We found significant alterations of medial-lateral forces of the nonparetic side and vertical forces of the paretic side in stroke survivors with DPN compared to stroke survivors without DPN and healthy controls. In addition, there were smaller braking and lower propulsion peak in anterior-posterior forces, smaller magnitude of medial-lateral forces, and lower first and second peak of vertical forces in stroke survivors with DPN compared to stroke survivors without DPN and healthy controls.Conclusion. The study findings identified that GRFs were affected in stroke survivors with DPN on both the paretic and the nonparetic sides. Further investigations are warranted to explore the impact of DPN on the kinematics and muscle activity related to the gait performance in stroke survivors with DPN.

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