Social Capital, Information, and Perceived Safety from Crime: The Differential Effects of Reassuring Social Connections and Vicarious Victimization*

Academic motivation consists of reward-based extrinsic motivation and curiosity-based intrinsic motivation. Students studying at university or college develop several new social connections with friends, classmates, and teachers, in addition to their family and community. Belonging to their networks, students acquire opinions, appreciation, trust, and norms of the society. Whether those social connections enhance the motivation of university students for academic work is a question yet to be answered in the context of health profession education in Japan. Judo-therapist education is a form of health profession education in Japan. This study aimed to measure the academic motivation and social capital (SC) of judo-therapist students in Japan, and to find the relation between social capital and academic motivation. This cross-sectional study recruited a total of 2247 students applying multi-stage sampling across Japan. A Japanese version Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) measured the learning motivation in three constructs: (1) intrinsic motivation (IM); (2) extrinsic motivation (EM); and (3) amotivation (alpha 0.94). A newly-developed 46-itemed, 4-pointed scale measured social capital (SC) in five constructs: (1) family relations, (2) on-campus friends, (3) off-campus friends, (4) classroom social capital; and (5) regional social capital (alpha 0.85). Robust regression analysis treated all constructs of SC as independent variables and IM and EM as dependent variables respectively in the three models. Among the average level of constructs, the family SC average level was the highest. Classroom SC was less than family SC and community SC was the lowest. Intrinsic motivation is positively influenced by classroom SC the most, followed by family SC, on-campus friends’ SC, and community SC. Extrinsic motivation is positively influenced by classroom SC the most, followed by family SC, on-campus friends’ SC, and community SC. Amotivation is negatively influenced by social capital constructs except external friends’ SC. In conclusion, social connections have the power to enhance the motivation of university students’ academic work within health profession education. The relations, trust and bonds developed in the classroom may allow an adult learner’s motivation to evolve into autonomous intrinsic motivation and prevent amotivation.

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Social capital in anarchist movements

Black Flags and Social Movements ◽

10.7228/manchester/9781526105547.003.0007 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Dana M. Williams

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Social Movements ◽

Pierre Bourdieu ◽

Movement Analysis ◽

Social Connections ◽

State Repression ◽

Dense Networks ◽

Robert Putnam ◽

The World ◽

Trust Information

Implicit in the study of social movements is the fact that movements require many people collectively participating together in some fashion to succeed. Social capital—the valuable social connections individuals have with others—is one way of approximating people's relationships to each other. Movements both require social capital in order to form and succeed, but movements also create social capital while organizing. This chapter explores the ideas from major social capital theorists, including James Coleman, Pierre Bourdieu, and Robert Putnam, and considers the value of social capital (which is infrequently utilized in movement analysis) for anarchist movements. Important attributes of social capital, such as trust, information channels, norms, and others receive particular focus. A closer inspection suggests that the dense networks of anarchist association serve as a bulwark against state repression, but also alienates the movement from wider audiences, unless efforts are not made to popularize discursive frames and organizing methods. The World Values Survey is used to explore the extent to which anarchist-inclined people—who trust in others, but lack confidence in government—throughout the world are more apt to protest and advocate revolution.

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ANTECEDENTS OF MANAGERIAL AND PROFESSIONAL CAREER TRAJECTORIES AND THEIR DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS ON BLACKS AND WHITES: GAINING PARITY THROUGH HUMAN AND SOCIAL CAPITAL.

Academy of Management Proceedings ◽

10.5465/apbpp.2002.7516568 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 2002 (1) ◽

pp. A1-A6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

ROCHELLE PARKS-YANCY

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Differential Effects ◽

Professional Career ◽

Career Trajectories ◽

Blacks And Whites ◽

Human And Social Capital

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Personal well-being networks, social capital and severe mental illness: exploratory study

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.117.203950 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 212 (5) ◽

pp. 308-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Daryl Sweet ◽

Richard Byng ◽

Martin Webber ◽

Doyo Gragn Enki ◽

Ian Porter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Social Networks ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Severe Mental Illness ◽

Social Ties ◽

Well Being ◽

Social Connections ◽

Social Worlds ◽

Personal Recovery ◽

Activity Data

BackgroundConnectedness is a central dimension of personal recovery from severe mental illness (SMI). Research reports that people with SMI have lower social capital and poorer-quality social networks compared to the general population.AimsTo identify personal well-being network (PWN) types and explore additional insights from mapping connections to places and activities alongside social ties.MethodWe carried out 150 interviews with individuals with SMI and mapped social ties, places and activities and their impact on well-being. PWN types were developed using social network analysis and hierarchical k-means clustering of this data.ResultsThree PWN types were identified: formal and sparse; family and stable; and diverse and active. Well-being and social capital varied within and among types. Place and activity data indicated important contextual differences within social connections that were not found by mapping social networks alone.ConclusionsPlace locations and meaningful activities are important aspects of people's social worlds. Mapped alongside social networks, PWNs have important implications for person-centred recovery approaches through providing a broader understanding of individual's lives and resources.Declaration of interestNone.

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A change in the climate: Online social capital and the spiral of silence

First Monday ◽

10.5210/fm.v20i5.5414 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kim Sheehan

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Social Media ◽

Social Connections ◽

Spiral Of Silence ◽

Social Cooperation ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Bonding Social Capital ◽

Bridging Social Capital ◽

The Spiral Of Silence ◽

Speak Up

This study explores the connection between online social capital and the Spiral of Silence. Online social capital is an individual’s network of social connections, a network that enables and encourages social cooperation. The Spiral of Silence theory suggests that an opinion can become dominant if those who perceive their opinion to be in the minority do not speak up because society threatens them with isolation. A study of 550 individuals explored their willingness to speak up on an issue, and assessed whether they thought they held a majority of a minority opinion. This study compared both their bonding social capital (via homogeneous networks) and bridging social capital (via heterogeneous networks) to their willingness to speak up and their perceptions of whether others held their opinions. Regression analyses shows that bridging social capital is a key influencer in people’s willingness to speak up in social media and other online venues.

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Female entrepreneurship and social capital: Exploring the relationship between social connection and women-owned social media-based businesses in Bangladesh

Plaridel ◽

10.52518/2021.18.2-03choud ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Naziat Choudhury

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Social Media ◽

Women Entrepreneurs ◽

Institutional Support ◽

Social Capital Theory ◽

Social Connections ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Female Entrepreneurship ◽

Capital Theory ◽

The Relationship

Businesswomen in Bangladesh are using social media to do business from their homes, in support of their financial development. Social capital theory is applied to investigate the role that family and other close and external networks play in conducting business through social media. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 31 businesswomen to understand why they chose social media for their business, and to identify the type of support they got from their social connections and the hurdles they encountered. Content analysis examined their Facebook and Instagram pages for two weeks to understand the support that their external networks provided. This study finds that family and other close networks encouraged women entrepreneurs with loans, free labour, and product promotions that contributed in building and sustaining the businesses, while external networks helped with more formal or institutional support. Meanwhile, customers provided intangible support that encouraged the businesswomen to start, survive, and succeed.

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LINKS BETWEEN NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT AND ACCESS TO SOCIAL CAPITAL IN LATER LIFE

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.245 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S63-S64

Author(s):

Noah J Webster ◽

Kristine J Ajrouch ◽

Toni C Antonucci

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Social Relations ◽

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Later Life ◽

Network Size ◽

Neighborhood Context ◽

Perceived Safety ◽

Subjective Indicators ◽

Contact Frequency ◽

Context Shape

Abstract Social capital is essential for healthy living in later life, and evidence indicates the importance of neighborhood context in facilitating access to this resource. However, additional research is needed to compare how objective and subjective indicators of context shape this association. We examine links between objective (census tract-level population density and composition) and subjective (perceived safety and quiet) indicators of neighborhoods and social capital (contact frequency, network size, trust others in neighborhood). Data include participants age 65+ (N=259) from Wave 3 (2015) of the longitudinal Social Relations Study based in Detroit, Michigan. Multivariate analyses indicate respondents living in more densely populated neighborhoods reported more frequent contact with network members. Those perceiving their neighborhood as safe reported larger networks, more trust in and greater support exchanged among neighbors. Findings suggest both objective and subjective indicators of neighborhood context shape access to social capital, but perceptions play a larger role.

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