scholarly journals Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus dissemination across pig production systems in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Jara ◽  
David A. Rasmussen ◽  
Cesar A. Corzo ◽  
Gustavo Machado
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Virus Dissemination

scholarly journals Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus dissemination across pig production systems in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Jara ◽  
David A. Rasmussen ◽  
Cesar A. Corzo ◽  
Gustavo Machado
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
The North ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Virus Dissemination ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
And Control

SummaryPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) remains widespread in the North American pig population. Despite improvements in virus characterization, it is unclear whether PRRSV infections are a product of viral circulation within a farm, within production systems (local) or across production systems (external). Here we examined the dissemination dynamics of PRRSV and the processes facilitating its spread within and among pig farms in three production systems. Overall, PRRSV genetic diversity declined since 2018, while phylodynamic results support frequent transmission across-production systems. We found that PRRSV dissemination occurred mostly through transmission between farms of different production companies, which were predominant for several months, especially from November until May when PRRSV tends to peak in the studied region. Within production systems, dissemination occurred mainly through regular pig flow (from sow to nursery and then to finisher farms); nevertheless, an important flux of PRRSV dissemination from finisher to sow and nursery farms highlighted the importance of downstream farms as sources of the virus. Farms at areas with pig density from 500 to 1000 pig/km2 and farms located at a range within 0.5 km and 0.7 km from major roads were more likely to infect by PRRSV, whereas farms at elevation between 41 and 61 meters and denser vegetation acted as dissemination barriers. Although remains a challenge, there is a need to disentangle the route of PRRSV transmission, results evidenced that dissemination among commercially unrelated pig production systems was intense, reinforcing the importance of farm proximity on PRRSV spread. Thus, consideration of farm location and their geographic characteristics may help to forecast dissemination. The understanding of PRRSV transmission routes has the potential to inform targeted strategies for its prevention and control. Further studies are needed to quantify the relative contribution of PRRSV transmission routes.

Developing twinning cattle for commercial production

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 930 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Cummins ◽  
C. A. Morris ◽  
B. W. Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Term Selection ◽  
Calf Survival ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Meat Animal

Long-term selection programs in the United States and New Zealand have developed twinning herds. In Nebraska, the United States Meat Animal Research Centre population had a calving rate of 1.56 per parturition in 2004. They have shown that the location of ovulation has an important effect on the success of pregnancy and that ovulations ≥3 are probably undesirable. These cattle have issues associated with calving difficulty and calf survival, which present challenges for commercial application. Intensive management using existing technology and/or future genetic improvement to address these traits are required to realise the potential benefits to beef production systems.

Genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 in the United States of America from 2010 to 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 108486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anping Wang ◽  
Jianqiang Zhang ◽  
Huigang Shen ◽  
Ying Zheng ◽  
Qi Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Highly Virulent Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Variants That Recently Emerged in the United States: TABLE 1 

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aspen M. Workman ◽  
Timothy P. L. Smith ◽  
Fernando A. Osorio ◽  
Hiep L. X. Vu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Swine Herds ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Viral Isolates

A recent outbreak of particularly virulent disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus has occurred in swine herds across the United States. We report here the complete genome sequence of eight viral isolates from four Nebraska herds experiencing an outbreak of severe disease in 2016.

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