Spatiotemporal analysis of reported Classical Swine Fever (CSF) outbreaks in China (2005 – 2018) and the influence of weather

The study was to determine the presence of Classical Swine Fever virus (CSFv), in the meat of vaccinated pigs with the PAV-250 strain and then challenged using the same strain. Five treatment groups were established (each with four pigs). Group A: Pigs thatwere fed with processed hams from negative animals; Group B: Pigs that were fed with processed hams from commercial pigs inoculated with the ALD (reference strain) (titre of 104.0/ml); Group C: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs infected with the virulent ALD strain (titre of 102.5/ml); Group D: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs vaccinated with the PAV-250 strain and challenged with the ALD strain (titre of 101.1/ml); and Group E: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs vaccinated with two doses of the PAV-250 strain and challenged with the ALD strain (negative). Blood samples were taken at d 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 for biometric analysis. Groups B, C and D manifested clinical signs of CSFv: 40 °C temperature, anorexia, paralysis, vomiting, diarrhea, tremor, hirsute hair and cyanosis. Pigs were slaughtered and necropsies performed to identify lesions in tissues. Results of direct immunofluorescence testing of tissues were positive and the virus was recovered. Under these study conditions, it was found that CSFv resisted the cooking method at 68 °C for 40 min in hams from unvaccinated pigs, and that the virus was able to transmit the disease to healthy unvaccinated pigs, whereas the hams from the vaccinated animals did not transmit the virus.

Download Full-text

Structural Glycoprotein E2 of Classical Swine Fever Virus Interacts with Host Protein Dynactin Subunit 6 (DCTN6) during the Virus Infectious Cycle

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.01642-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 94 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. V. Borca ◽

E. A. Vuono ◽

E. Ramirez-Medina ◽

P. Azzinaro ◽

K. A. Berggren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Protein Interaction ◽

Hybrid Approach ◽

Classical Swine Fever ◽

Host Protein ◽

Yeast Two Hybrid ◽

Protein Protein Interaction ◽

Viral Virulence ◽

Glycoprotein E2 ◽

Two Hybrid

ABSTRACT The E2 protein in classical swine fever (CSF) virus (CSFV) is the major virus structural glycoprotein and is an essential component of the viral particle. E2 has been shown to be involved in several functions, including virus adsorption, induction of protective immunity, and virulence in swine. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we previously identified a swine host protein, dynactin subunit 6 (DCTN6) (a component of the cell dynactin complex), as a specific binding partner for E2. We confirmed the interaction between DCTN6 and E2 proteins in CSFV-infected swine cells by using two additional independent methodologies, i.e., coimmunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays. E2 residues critical for mediating the protein-protein interaction with DCTN6 were mapped by a reverse yeast two-hybrid approach using a randomly mutated E2 library. A recombinant CSFV mutant, E2ΔDCTN6v, harboring specific substitutions in those critical residues was developed to assess the importance of the E2-DCTN6 protein-protein interaction for virus replication and virulence in swine. CSFV E2ΔDCTN6v showed reduced replication, compared with the parental virus, in an established swine cell line (SK6) and in primary swine macrophage cultures. Remarkably, animals infected with CSFV E2ΔDCTN6v remained clinically normal during the 21-day observation period, which suggests that the ability of CSFV E2 to bind host DCTN6 protein efficiently during infection may play a role in viral virulence. IMPORTANCE Structural glycoprotein E2 is an important component of CSFV due to its involvement in many virus activities, particularly virus-host interactions. Here, we present the description and characterization of the protein-protein interaction between E2 and the swine host protein DCTN6 during virus infection. The E2 amino acid residues mediating the interaction with DCTN6 were also identified. A recombinant CSFV harboring mutations disrupting the E2-DCTN6 interaction was created. The effect of disrupting the E2-DCTN6 protein-protein interaction was studied using reverse genetics. It was shown that the same amino acid substitutions that abrogated the E2-DCTN6 interaction in vitro constituted a critical factor in viral virulence in the natural host, domestic swine. This highlights the potential importance of the E2-DCTN6 protein-protein interaction in CSFV virulence and provides possible mechanisms of virus attenuation for the development of improved CSF vaccines.

Download Full-text

Autonomous Taxicabs in Berlin – A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Service Performance

Transportation Research Procedia ◽

10.1016/j.trpro.2016.12.078 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 176-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Joschka Bischoff ◽

Michal Maciejewski

Keyword(s):

Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽

Service Performance

Download Full-text

Classical Swine Fever Vaccine Development

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1002/vetr.608 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 188 (11) ◽

pp. 414-414

Keyword(s):

Vaccine Development ◽

Classical Swine Fever

Download Full-text

Spatiotemporal analysis of COVID-19 outbreaks in Wuhan, China

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93020-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wei Liu ◽

Dongming Wang ◽

Shuiqiong Hua ◽

Cong Xie ◽

Bin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Disease Surveillance ◽

Influence Factors ◽

Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽

Disease Surveillance System ◽

Local Aggregation ◽

Short Time ◽

Effective Public Health ◽

Global And Local ◽

Spatial Transmission

AbstractFew study has revealed spatial transmission characteristics of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. We aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal spread of COVID-19 in Wuhan and its influence factors. Information of 32,682 COVID-19 cases reported through March 18 were extracted from the national infectious disease surveillance system. Geographic information system methods were applied to analysis transmission of COVID-19 and its influence factors in different periods. We found decrease in effective reproduction number (Rt) and COVID-19 related indicators through taking a series of effective public health measures including restricting traffic, centralized quarantine and strict stay-at home policy. The distribution of COVID-19 cases number in Wuhan showed obvious global aggregation and local aggregation. In addition, the analysis at streets-level suggested population density and the number of hospitals were associated with COVID-19 cases number. The epidemic situation showed obvious global and local spatial aggregations. High population density with larger number of hospitals may account for the aggregations. The epidemic in Wuhan was under control in a short time after strong quarantine measures and restrictions on movement of residents were implanted.

Download Full-text